dict1 = {
'name':'王麻子',
'age':25,
'phone':12580,
'high':160
}
dict2 = {
'name':'张三',
'age':38,
'phone':12580,
'high':160,
'gender':'man'
}
#copy
>>> dict3 = dict1.copy()
>>> print(dict3)
{'name': '王麻子', 'age': 25, 'phone': 12580, 'high': 160}
#len()
#测量字典中,键值对的个数
>>> print(len(dict1)) >>> print(len(dict2)) 4 5
#keys
#返回一个包含字典所有KEY的列表
>>> list1 = dict1.keys() >>> print(list1) 或 >>> print(dict1.keys()) dict_keys(['name', 'age', 'phone', 'high'])
#values
#返回一个包含字典所有value的列表
>>> list1 = dict1.values() >>> print(list1) 或 >>> print(dict1.values()) dict_values(['王麻子', 25, 12580, 160])
#items
#打印出字典里面所有的键值对
>>> print(dict1.items())
dict_items([('name', '王麻子'), ('age', 25), ('phone', 12580), ('high', 160)])
#pop,根据key剪切,没有报错
>>> res = dict1.pop('name')
>>> print(dict1)
>>> print(res)
{'age': 25, 'phone': 12580, 'high': 160}
王麻子
>>> res = dict2.pop('gender')
>>> print(res)
KeyError: 'gender'
#clear,清空字典
>>> dict1.clear()
{}
#fromkeys快速定义一个空字典
>>> res = {}.fromkeys(['a','b','c'],[1,2,3])
>>> print(res)
{'a': [1, 2, 3], 'b': [1, 2, 3], 'c': [1, 2, 3]}
>>> res = {}.fromkeys(['a','b','c'],)
>>> print(res)
{'a': None, 'b': None, 'c': None}
#setdefault设置字典的默认值
>>> dict1.setdefault('gender','man')
>>> print(dict1)
{'name': '王麻子', 'age': 25, 'phone': 12580, 'high': 160, 'gender': 'man'}
#popitem,从后往前剪切键值对
>>> print(dict1.popitem())
>>> print(dict1.popitem())
>>> print(dict1.popitem())
>>> print(dict1)
('high', 160)
('phone', 12580)
('age', 25)
{'name': '王麻子'}
# []根据key取value,如果取不到报错
>>> res = dict1['name1111'] >>> print(res) res = dict1['name1111'] KeyError: 'name1111' >>> res = dict1['name'] >>> print(res) 王麻子
# get根据key取value,如果取不到返回None
>>> res = dict1.get('name11111')
>>> print(res)
None
>>> res = dict1.get('name')
>>> print(res)
王麻子
#update一般用来合并字典
#相同的不变,不同的添加
>>> dict1.update(dict2)
>>> print(dict1)
{'name': '张三', 'age': 38, 'phone': 12580, 'high': 160, 'gender': 'man'}