MySQL支持一台机器上启动多个实例，如果你的机器性能很好的话，启动多个实例将最大化利用你的服务器硬件资源。
MySQL多实例一般有两种配置方法：
1、官方推荐的mysqld_multi方式，多个实例共享一份配置文件
2、每个实例使用单独的配置文件 (本文介绍这种方式)
软件环境
1、SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11 SP1
2、MySQL-5.6.26-1.sles11.x86_64.rpm-bundle
安装步骤
1、安装MySQL
#rpm -ivh MySQL-client-5.6.26-1.sles11.x86_64.rpm MySQL-server-5.6.26-1.sles11.x86_64.rpm
2、停止现有的MySQL服务
#service mysql stop
#chkconfig mysql off
3、创建多实例数据保存目录
#mkdir -p /data/mysql/{3306,3307}/data
#mkdir -p /data/mysql/{3306,3307}/log
4、在/data/mysql/3306中新建my.cnf，内容如下
[client] port=3306 socket=/data/mysql/3306/mysql.sock [mysqld] port=3306 socket=/data/mysql/3306/mysql.sock pid-file=/data/mysql/3306/data/mysql.pid basedir=/usr datadir=/data/mysql/3306/data server-id=1 log-bin=mysql-bin log-bin-index=mysql-bin.index # LOGGING log_error=/data/mysql/3306/log/mysql-error.log slow_query_log_file=/data/mysql/3306/log/mysql-slow.log slow_query_log=1
5、复制/etc/rc.d/mysql启动脚本到/data/mysql/3306下
#cp /etc/rc.d/mysql /data/mysql/3306/
编辑/data/mysql/3306目录下的mysql文件，修改如下（红色部分为修改的部分）
#!/bin/sh # Copyright Abandoned 1996 TCX DataKonsult AB & Monty Program KB & Detron HB # This file is public domain and comes with NO WARRANTY of any kind # MySQL daemon start/stop script. # Usually this is put in /etc/init.d (at least on machines SYSV R4 based # systems) and linked to /etc/rc3.d/S99mysql and /etc/rc0.d/K01mysql. # When this is done the mysql server will be started when the machine is # started and shut down when the systems goes down. # Comments to support chkconfig on RedHat Linux # chkconfig: 2345 64 36 # description: A very fast and reliable SQL database engine. # Comments to support LSB init script conventions ### BEGIN INIT INFO # Provides: mysql # Required-Start: $local_fs $network $remote_fs # Should-Start: ypbind nscd ldap ntpd xntpd # Required-Stop: $local_fs $network $remote_fs # Default-Start: 2 3 4 5 # Default-Stop: 0 1 6 # Short-Description: start and stop MySQL # Description: MySQL is a very fast and reliable SQL database engine. ### END INIT INFO # If you install MySQL on some other places than /usr, then you # have to do one of the following things for this script to work: # # - Run this script from within the MySQL installation directory # - Create a /etc/my.cnf file with the following information: # [mysqld] # basedir=<path-to-mysql-installation-directory> # - Add the above to any other configuration file (for example ~/.my.ini) # and copy my_print_defaults to /usr/bin # - Add the path to the mysql-installation-directory to the basedir variable # below. # # If you want to affect other MySQL variables, you should make your changes # in the /etc/my.cnf, ~/.my.cnf or other MySQL configuration files. # If you change base dir, you must also change datadir. These may get # overwritten by settings in the MySQL configuration files. port=3306 basedir= datadir=/data/mysql/$port mycnf=$datadir/my.cnf # Default value, in seconds, afterwhich the script should timeout waiting # for server start. # Value here is overriden by value in my.cnf. # 0 means don't wait at all # Negative numbers mean to wait indefinitely service_startup_timeout=900 # Lock directory for RedHat / SuSE. lockdir='/var/lock/subsys' lock_file_path="$lockdir/mysql_$port" # The following variables are only set for letting mysql.server find things. # Set some defaults mysqld_pid_file_path= if test -z "$basedir" then basedir=/usr bindir=/usr/bin if test -z "$datadir" then datadir=/var/lib/mysql fi sbindir=/usr/sbin libexecdir=/usr/sbin else bindir="$basedir/bin" if test -z "$datadir" then datadir="$basedir/data" fi sbindir="$basedir/sbin" libexecdir="$basedir/libexec" fi # datadir_set is used to determine if datadir was set (and so should be # *not* set inside of the --basedir= handler.) datadir_set= # # Use LSB init script functions for printing messages, if possible # lsb_functions="/lib/lsb/init-functions" if test -f $lsb_functions ; then . $lsb_functions else log_success_msg() { echo " SUCCESS! $@" } log_failure_msg() { echo " ERROR! $@" } fi PATH="/sbin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin:$basedir/bin" export PATH mode=$1 # start or stop [ $# -ge 1 ] && shift other_args="$*" # uncommon, but needed when called from an RPM upgrade action # Expected: "--skip-networking --skip-grant-tables" # They are not checked here, intentionally, as it is the resposibility # of the "spec" file author to give correct arguments only. case `echo "testingc"`,`echo -n testing` in *c*,-n*) echo_n= echo_c= ;; *c*,*) echo_n=-n echo_c= ;; *) echo_n= echo_c='c' ;; esac parse_server_arguments() { for arg do case "$arg" in --basedir=*) basedir=`echo "$arg" | sed -e 's/^[^=]*=//'` bindir="$basedir/bin" if test -z "$datadir_set"; then datadir="$basedir/data" fi sbindir="$basedir/sbin" libexecdir="$basedir/libexec" ;; --datadir=*) datadir=`echo "$arg" | sed -e 's/^[^=]*=//'` datadir_set=1 ;; --pid-file=*) mysqld_pid_file_path=`echo "$arg" | sed -e 's/^[^=]*=//'` ;; --service-startup-timeout=*) service_startup_timeout=`echo "$arg" | sed -e 's/^[^=]*=//'` ;; esac done } wait_for_pid () { verb="$1" # created | removed pid="$2" # process ID of the program operating on the pid-file pid_file_path="$3" # path to the PID file. i=0 avoid_race_condition="by checking again" while test $i -ne $service_startup_timeout ; do case "$verb" in 'created') # wait for a PID-file to pop into existence. test -s "$pid_file_path" && i='' && break ;; 'removed') # wait for this PID-file to disappear test ! -s "$pid_file_path" && i='' && break ;; *) echo "wait_for_pid () usage: wait_for_pid created|removed pid pid_file_path" exit 1 ;; esac # if server isn't running, then pid-file will never be updated if test -n "$pid"; then if kill -0 "$pid" 2>/dev/null; then : # the server still runs else # The server may have exited between the last pid-file check and now. if test -n "$avoid_race_condition"; then avoid_race_condition="" continue # Check again. fi # there's nothing that will affect the file. log_failure_msg "The server quit without updating PID file ($pid_file_path)." return 1 # not waiting any more. fi fi echo $echo_n ".$echo_c" i=`expr $i + 1` sleep 1 done if test -z "$i" ; then log_success_msg return 0 else log_failure_msg return 1 fi } # Get arguments from the my.cnf file, # the only group, which is read from now on is [mysqld] if test -x ./bin/my_print_defaults then print_defaults="./bin/my_print_defaults" elif test -x $bindir/my_print_defaults then print_defaults="$bindir/my_print_defaults" elif test -x $bindir/mysql_print_defaults then print_defaults="$bindir/mysql_print_defaults" else # Try to find basedir in /etc/my.cnf conf=/etc/my.cnf print_defaults= if test -r $conf then subpat='^[^=]*basedir[^=]*=(.*)$' dirs=`sed -e "/$subpat/!d" -e 's//1/' $conf` for d in $dirs do d=`echo $d | sed -e 's/[ ]//g'` if test -x "$d/bin/my_print_defaults" then print_defaults="$d/bin/my_print_defaults" break fi if test -x "$d/bin/mysql_print_defaults" then print_defaults="$d/bin/mysql_print_defaults" break fi done fi # Hope it's in the PATH ... but I doubt it test -z "$print_defaults" && print_defaults="my_print_defaults" fi # # Read defaults file from 'basedir'. If there is no defaults file there # check if it's in the old (depricated) place (datadir) and read it from there # extra_args="" #if test -r "$basedir/my.cnf" #then # extra_args="-e $basedir/my.cnf" #else if test -r "$datadir/my.cnf" then extra_args="-e $datadir/my.cnf" fi #fi parse_server_arguments `$print_defaults $extra_args mysqld server mysql_server mysql.server` # # Set pid file if not given # if test -z "$mysqld_pid_file_path" then mysqld_pid_file_path=$datadir/`hostname`.pid else case "$mysqld_pid_file_path" in /* ) ;; * ) mysqld_pid_file_path="$datadir/$mysqld_pid_file_path" ;; esac fi case "$mode" in 'start') # Start daemon # Safeguard (relative paths, core dumps..) cd $basedir echo $echo_n "Starting MySQL" if test -x $bindir/mysqld_safe then # Give extra arguments to mysqld with the my.cnf file. This script # may be overwritten at next upgrade. $bindir/mysqld_safe --defaults-file="$mycnf" --datadir="$datadir" --pid-file="$mysqld_pid_file_path" $other_args >/dev/null 2>&1 & wait_for_pid created "$!" "$mysqld_pid_file_path"; return_value=$? # Make lock for RedHat / SuSE if test -w "$lockdir" then touch "$lock_file_path" fi exit $return_value else log_failure_msg "Couldn't find MySQL server ($bindir/mysqld_safe)" fi ;; 'stop') # Stop daemon. We use a signal here to avoid having to know the # root password. if test -s "$mysqld_pid_file_path" then mysqld_pid=`cat "$mysqld_pid_file_path"` if (kill -0 $mysqld_pid 2>/dev/null) then echo $echo_n "Shutting down MySQL" kill $mysqld_pid # mysqld should remove the pid file when it exits, so wait for it. wait_for_pid removed "$mysqld_pid" "$mysqld_pid_file_path"; return_value=$? else log_failure_msg "MySQL server process #$mysqld_pid is not running!" rm "$mysqld_pid_file_path" fi # Delete lock for RedHat / SuSE if test -f "$lock_file_path" then rm -f "$lock_file_path" fi exit $return_value else log_failure_msg "MySQL server PID file could not be found!" fi ;; 'restart') # Stop the service and regardless of whether it was # running or not, start it again. if $0 stop $other_args; then $0 start $other_args else log_failure_msg "Failed to stop running server, so refusing to try to start." exit 1 fi ;; 'reload'|'force-reload') if test -s "$mysqld_pid_file_path" ; then read mysqld_pid < "$mysqld_pid_file_path" kill -HUP $mysqld_pid && log_success_msg "Reloading service MySQL" touch "$mysqld_pid_file_path" else log_failure_msg "MySQL PID file could not be found!" exit 1 fi ;; 'status') # First, check to see if pid file exists if test -s "$mysqld_pid_file_path" ; then read mysqld_pid < "$mysqld_pid_file_path" if kill -0 $mysqld_pid 2>/dev/null ; then log_success_msg "MySQL running ($mysqld_pid)" exit 0 else log_failure_msg "MySQL is not running, but PID file exists" exit 1 fi else # Try to find appropriate mysqld process mysqld_pid=`pidof $libexecdir/mysqld` # test if multiple pids exist pid_count=`echo $mysqld_pid | wc -w` if test $pid_count -gt 1 ; then log_failure_msg "Multiple MySQL running but PID file could not be found ($mysqld_pid)" exit 5 elif test -z $mysqld_pid ; then if test -f "$lock_file_path" ; then log_failure_msg "MySQL is not running, but lock file ($lock_file_path) exists" exit 2 fi log_failure_msg "MySQL is not running" exit 3 else log_failure_msg "MySQL is running but PID file could not be found" exit 4 fi fi ;; *) # usage basename=`basename "$0"` echo "Usage: $basename {start|stop|restart|reload|force-reload|status} [ MySQL server options ]" exit 1 ;; esac exit 0
6、初始化数据
#mysql_install_db --defaults-file=/data/mysql/3306/my.cnf --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysql/3306/data --force
7、启动mysql
#/data/mysql/3306/mysql start
#ps -ef | grep mysql
8、3307的配置如3306