Python 基于http接口自动化测试

设计原理 　　基于http协议接口的测试设计，莫过于Python的requests库，简单粗暴易理解。

设计模式 　　采用python的flask框架，搭建一套接口自动化测试平台。 　　测试用例维护：采用Excel 　　测试结果保存：采用MongoDb存储，HTML页面展示

相关核心代码介绍：

1. 　　Excel模板如下： 　　看Excel的定义命名，基本理解，每个参数的含义 　　介绍： 　　B1：要测试的接口地址 　　B2：该测试接口的请求参数，以“#”分隔【便于分割】 　　B3：登录的URL，若测试不需要登录 　　B4：登录的json串，以字典的形式展现 　　注：CaseNo、Except——result、Commit，是必填的
2. 　　从Excel读取及处理数据，代码如下：

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   import xlrd import os   # **************************************************************** # Excel模版设置 # self.interFace = 0             #Excel中测试用例接口对应为第1列 # self.interFaceArgList = 1      #Excel中测试用例接口参数列表对应为第2列 # self.loginChoice = 2           #Excel中测试用例接口是否需要登录为第3列 # self.loginJson = 3           　#Excel中测试用例接口是否需要登录为第4列 # self.titleIndex = 4            #Excel中测试用例标题行索引为第5列 # self.caseBegin = 5             #Excel中测试用例开始行索引为第6列 # ****************************************************************   class ExcelSheet:     def __init__(self, sFile, interFace=0, interFaceArgList=1, loginInterFace=2, loginJson = 3, titleIndex=4, caseBegin=5):         try:             excel = xlrd.open_workbook(sFile)         except Exception as e:             print e             exit()           self.sheet = excel.sheet_by_index(0)        # 查询Excel的第一个sheet         self.interFace = interFace         self.interFaceArgList = interFaceArgList         self.loginInterFace = loginInterFace         self.titleIndex = titleIndex         self.caseBegin = caseBegin         self.loginJson = loginJson       def sheet_name(self):         return self.sheets.name       def nrows(self):         return self.sheet.nrows       def ncols(self):         return self.sheet.ncols       def cellxy(self, rowx, colx):         # type: (object, object) -> object         cell_value = self.sheet.cell(rowx, colx).value         # 对数字的处理         if self.sheet.cell(rowx, colx).ctype in (2, 3) and int(cell_value) == cell_value:             cell_value = int(cell_value)           return cell_value       # interFace 测试接口URL     def get_interFace(self):         return self.cellxy(self.interFace, 1)       # interFace接口的参数List     def get_interFaceArgList(self):         return self.cellxy(self.interFaceArgList, 1).split("#")       # 测试用例的参数项     def get_titleIndex(self):         return self.sheet.row_values(self.titleIndex)       # 登录的接口地址     def get_loginInterFace(self):         return self.cellxy(self.loginInterFace, 1)       # 获取登录接口参数的json     def get_loginJson(self):         return str(self.cellxy(self.loginJson, 1))       # 返回单行用例的数据字典     def get_by_line(self, line):         tempdict = dict()         data = dict()         if line < self.caseBegin:             return False         else:             for col in range(self.ncols()):                 if self.cellxy(self.titleIndex, col) in self.get_interFaceArgList():                     if self.cellxy(line, col) != 'X':                         data[self.cellxy(self.titleIndex, col)] = self.cellxy(line, col)                 else:                     tempdict[self.cellxy(self.titleIndex, col)] = self.cellxy(line, col)               tempdict["data"] = data         return tempdict

3. 　　requests的post和get请求代码：

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   import requests   def postRequest(url, data, cookie):     header={"Content-Type":"application/json"}     if cookie:         return requests.post(url, data=data, cookies=cookie, headers = header)     else:         return requests.post(url, data=data, headers = header)   def postRequest(url, cookie):     header={"Content-Type":"application/json"}     if cookie:         return requests.get(url, cookies=cookie, headers = header)     else:         return requests.get(url, headers = header)

4. 　　检查返回为页面还是json串：

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   def checkReturnResult(req_result):     try:         realResult = eval(req_result)     except:         return False     else:         return req_result

5. 　　测试结果存储MongoDB：

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   # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- import pymongo class ConMongoDb:     #读取配置文件     def __init__(self):         MongoIP="192.168.X.XXX"         MongoPort=27017         #链接MongoDb         self.conn = pymongo.Connection(MongoIP, MongoPort)         #选择数据库         self.db = self.conn.test         self.collection = self.db.SocketTest       '''     # **************************************************     # InsertMongo：往MongoDb插入数据     # **************************************************     '''     def InsertMongo(self, Lst):         self.collection.insert(Lst)

   　　def close(self):    　　return self.conn.disconnect()

   　
6. 测试用例执行代码：

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   import time ExcelSheet = ExcelSheet("104137PC.xlsx") interFace = ExcelSheet.get_interFace() interFaceArgList = ExcelSheet.get_interFaceArgList() titleIndex = ExcelSheet.get_titleIndex() loginInterFace = ExcelSheet.get_loginInterFace()   # 判断是否需要登录 if loginInterFace:     if "username" not in titleIndex or "password" not in titleIndex:         print "Test Case File not include username or password"         exit()     else:         # 获取登录接口参数的json         loginJson = ExcelSheet.get_loginJson()   caseList = list() for line in range(5, ExcelSheet.nrows()):     lineContent = ExcelSheet.get_by_line(line)     # 获取登录后的cookie     if loginInterFace:         # 需要登录，用户名密码，替换         loginJson = loginJson.replace("#username#", lineContent["username"])         loginJson = loginJson.replace("#password#", str(lineContent["password"]))         result = postRequest(loginInterFace, eval(loginJson), False)         print result.text         cookie = result.cookies     else:         cookie = False       # reqtype 不填默认post     if lineContent.has_key("reqtype"):         if lineContent["reqtype"].upper() == "POST":             interFaceResult = postRequest(interFace, lineContent["data"], cookie)         else:             interFaceResult = postRequest(interFace, cookie)     else:         interFaceResult = postRequest(interFace, lineContent["data"], cookie)       req_result = interFaceResult.text       # 非页面，可直接比较，也可以转换成字典进行某个value进行比较     if checkReturnResult(req_result):         if checkReturnResult(req_result) == lineContent["Except_result"]:             TestResult = "PASS"         else:             TestResult = "FAIL"     #如果返回是页面的话,就查找特殊标志词     else:         if ineContent["Except_result"] in req_result:             TestResult = "PASS"         else:             TestResult = "FAIL"       lineContent["result"] = TestResult       caseList.append(lineContent) TestDate = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", time.localtime(time.time())) content = {"interFace": interFace, "caseList": caseList, "testdate": TestDate}   MyngoCls = ConMongoDb() MyngoCls.InsertMongo(content) MyngoCls.close()

整个流程梳理：

• 用例Excel的读取解析
• python的requests模块运用
• 返回值的判断处理
• 用例执行结果的存储
• 用例测试的入口