linux 安装mysql 8

进入mysql官网

 选择mysql的官方yum源

选择对应的linux系统版本，点击download，进入下载页面

可以直接下载，也可以选择复制链接

 复制链接后，可以在linux系统通过wget 上面复制的链接来下载，如wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch.rpm,这样下载到文件mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch.rpm，然后通过通过rpm -ivh mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch.rpm 来安装mysql的yum源或者通过yum install -y mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch.rpm 来安装mysql的yum源，也可以跳过下载，使用yum直接在线安装mysql的yum源，如yum install -y https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch.rpm

安装好yum源后，可以到/etc/yum.repos.d查看安装的mysql yum源文件.repo

 打开 mysql-community.repo，可以看到mysql 8.0是默认生效的，也就是会默认安装mysql8.0版本，如果想安装5.7等版本，只需让5.7生效，其他版本失效即可。

更新yum缓存

yum makecache

可以查看一下yum上的mysql相关资源

安装社区版mysql服务器

yum install -y  mysql-community-server

安装完成以后，启动mysql

systemctl start mysqld,第一次启动时会初始化mysql配置

设置开启随机启动

systemctl enable mysqld

mysql安装的目录在 /var/lib/mysql

配置文件为/etc/my.cnf

启动日志文件为 /var/log/mysqld.log,这里有初始化的临时密码

登录mysql 

[root@localhost log]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:    //这里输入日志里的临时密码，回车，进入mysql

mysql> set global validate_password_policy=0;
ERROR 1193 (HY000): Unknown system variable 'validate_password_policy'
mysql> set global validate_password.policy=0;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> set global validate_password.length=1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
---------------------------------------------------

解释：下面两行命令，是为了可以设置简单形式的密码

set global validate_password.policy=0; 

set global validate_password.length=1;

然后将密码改为123456：ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';

 

如果是5.7版的mysql,命令则是：     

mysql>  set global validate_password_policy=0;

mysql> set global validate_password_length=1;

  -----------------------------------------------------

   查看root用户的加密方式和被允许登录的主机

mysql> select user, host, plugin, authentication_string from userG;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
user: mysql.infoschema
host: localhost
plugin: caching_sha2_password
authentication_string: $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED
*************************** 2. row ***************************
user: mysql.session
host: localhost
plugin: caching_sha2_password
authentication_string: $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED
*************************** 3. row ***************************
user: mysql.sys
host: localhost
plugin: caching_sha2_password
authentication_string: $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED
*************************** 4. row ***************************
user: root
host: localhost
plugin: caching_sha2_password
authentication_string: *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9

 

   解释：

host: localhost  #只允许本机登录root，如果远程要访问，需要开启远程访问才行
plugin: caching_sha2_password  #8.0版本新的加密方式，navicat客户端不支持这种方式，如果远程用navicat客户端连接，需要修改回老版本的加密方式

 

开启root用户可以远程访问操作

#更改加密方式：

mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password' PASSWORD EXPIRE NEVER;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

#更改root密码

mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.17 sec)

#开启root被远程访问

mysql> update user set host = '%' where user = 'root';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.09 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0

#刷新

mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

#查看数据库中的各账号信息，可以看到root用户允许任意主机访问%，且加密方式和老版本的一样用 mysql_native_password

mysql> select user, host, plugin, authentication_string from user;
+------------------+-----------+-----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| user | host | plugin | authentication_string |
+------------------+-----------+-----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| root | % | mysql_native_password | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 |
| mysql.infoschema | localhost | caching_sha2_password | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
| mysql.session | localhost | caching_sha2_password | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
| mysql.sys | localhost | caching_sha2_password | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
+------------------+-----------+-----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)