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  • STM32 串口USART DMA方式发送接收数据

    硬件:stm32f103cbt6
    软件:STM32F10x_StdPeriph_Lib_V3.5.0



    DMA,直接内存存取,类似用它的双手释放CPU的灵魂,所以,本文通过USART3进行串口收发,接受使用DMA的方式,无需CPU进行干预,当接受完成之后,数据可以直接从内存的缓冲区读取,从而减少了CPU的压力。

    具体的代码实现如下:

    • usart_driver.h 封装了接口,数据接收回调函数类型,基本数据结构等;
    • usart_driver.c 函数原型实现,中断服务函数实现等;

    拷贝这两个文件即可,可以根据目录下的参考用例,进行初始化。

    头文件

    usart_driver.h已经声明了外部函数可能用到的接口;

    USART3_DR的地址

    因为USART3接收到数据会存在DR寄存器中,而DMA控制器则负责将该寄存器中的内容一一搬运到内存的缓冲区中(比如你定义的某个数组中),所以这里需要告诉DMA控制去哪里搬运,因此需要设置USART3_DR的总线地址。

    USART3的基址如下图所示;
    在这里插入图片描述
    DR寄存器的偏移地址如下图所示;
    在这里插入图片描述
    所以最终地址为:0x40004800 + 0x004
    #define USART_DR_Base 0x40004804

    DMA的通道

    因为有很多外设都可以使用DMA,比如ADCI2CSPI等等,所以,不同的外设就要选择属于自己的DMA通道,查找参考手册;
    在这里插入图片描述
    因此USART3_RX在这里会使用DMA1通道3,这都是硬件上已经预先分配好的,我们需要遵循这个规则。
    所以在代码中我们做出相应的定义;如下所示;

    #define USART_Rx_DMA_Channel    DMA1_Channel3
    

    DMA的中断

    DMA支持三种中断:传输过半,传输完成,传输出错;
    在这里插入图片描述
    因此在使用是相当安全也相当灵活,而本文只是用了传输完成中断;如下定义了,传输完成中断的标志位,DMA1_FLAG_TC3也就对应了图中的TCIF

    #define USART_Rx_DMA_FLAG       DMA1_FLAG_TC3
    

    USART接收回调函数

    STM32HAL中封装了大量外设的回调函数,使用起来十分方便,但是标准库中则没有这样的做法,但是这里我们可以自己实现,rx_cbk就是回调,即串口数据接收完成就会执行已经注册的回调函数;

    typedef void (*rx_cbk)(void* args);
    

    通过使用接口usart_set_rx_cbk进行回调函数的注册,pargs为将传递的参数指针;

    void usart_set_rx_cbk(uart_mod_t *pmod, rx_cbk pfunc,void *pargs);
    

    头文件源码

    #ifndef USART_DRIVER_H
    #define USART_DRIVER_H
    #include <stdio.h>
    #include <stdint.h>
    
    /* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
    #define USE_MICROLIB_USART 1
    
    #if USE_MICROLIB_USART
    
    #ifdef __GNUC__
    /* With GCC/RAISONANCE, small printf (option LD Linker->Libraries->Small printf
       set to 'Yes') calls __io_putchar() */
    #define PUTCHAR_PROTOTYPE int __io_putchar(int ch)
    #else
    #define PUTCHAR_PROTOTYPE int fputc(int ch, FILE *f)
    //#define GETCHAR_PROTOTYPE int fgetc(FILE *f)
    
    #endif /* __GNUC__ */
    extern PUTCHAR_PROTOTYPE;
    #else
    
    #endif
     
    //default 8N1
    #define COM_PORT	USART3
    #define TX_PIN		GPIO_Pin_10
    #define RX_PIN		GPIO_Pin_11
    #define BAUDRATE	115200
    
    #define IRQ_UART_PRE	3
    #define IRQ_UART_SUB	3
    
    #define USART_Rx_DMA_Channel    DMA1_Channel3
    #define USART_Rx_DMA_FLAG       DMA1_FLAG_TC3
    #define USART_DR_Base           0x40004804
    #define USART_BUF_SIZE			((uint16_t)16)
    
    typedef void (*rx_cbk)(void* args);
    struct uart_mod {
    	
    	uint8_t rx_buf[USART_BUF_SIZE];
    	uint8_t rx_dat_len;
    	uint8_t head;
    	uint8_t tail;	
    	
    	void (*init)(void);
    	
    	void *pargs;
    	rx_cbk pfunc_rx_cbk;
    };
    typedef struct uart_mod uart_mod_t;
    
    extern  uart_mod_t user_uart_mod;
    void usart_init(void);
    void usart_set_rx_cbk(uart_mod_t *pmod, rx_cbk pfunc,void *pargs);
    void usart_send_char(char ch);
    void usart_test_echo(void);
    uint8_t usart_recv_char(void);
    int usart_printf(const char *fmt, ...);
    
    //extern GETCHAR_PROTOTYPE;
    
    #endif
    

    DMA的基本配置

    串口接收DMA的配置在函数dma_init中;

    static void dma_init(void)
    

    已经定义了数据缓冲区,如下:

    uint8_t RxBuffer[USART_BUF_SIZE] = { 0 };
    

    因此需要在DMA的配置中设置USART_DR的地址,和数据缓冲区的地址,以及两者的大小;
    还有就是数据流向;

    • 寄存器流向内存;
    • 内存流向寄存器;
      这个需要搞清楚;相关配置如下所示;
    	DMA_InitStructure.DMA_PeripheralBaseAddr = USART_DR_Base;
    	DMA_InitStructure.DMA_MemoryBaseAddr = (uint32_t)RxBuffer;		
    	DMA_InitStructure.DMA_BufferSize = USART_BUF_SIZE;
    	DMA_InitStructure.DMA_DIR = DMA_DIR_PeripheralSRC;
    

    注意:
    DMA_DIR_PeripheralSRC表示,外设作为源地址,数据是从外设寄存器流向内存,即DMA会把数据从地址USART_DR_Base搬运到RxBuffer去。
    如果这个地方搞错,会导致RxBuffer始终没有你想要的数据。

    环形队列接收数据

    线性缓冲区会因为缓冲器接收数据已满导致无法继续接收的问题;而环形队列进行接收的话,会自动进行覆盖,这样一来,在读取数据的时候,也要配置一个环形队列进行数据处理,下面的配置是把DMA配置为循环模式;

    DMA_InitStructure.DMA_Mode = DMA_Mode_Circular;
    

    在结构体user_uart_mod中,则用两个变量分别指向队首head和队尾tail
    具体数据的读取在函数USART3_IRQHandler中,会把数据从内存的RxBuffer读取到结构体user_uart_mod的成员变量rx_buf中;
    最终调用回调函数。

    函数原型

    usart_driver.c

    #include <stdio.h>
    #include <stdarg.h>
    #include "stm32f10x_usart.h"
    #include "usart_driver.h"
    
    uint8_t RxBuffer[USART_BUF_SIZE] = { 0 };
    
    uart_mod_t user_uart_mod = {
    	.rx_dat_len = 0,
    	.head = 0,
    	.tail = 0,
    	.pfunc_rx_cbk = NULL,
    	.pargs = NULL
    };
    
    static USART_InitTypeDef USART_InitStructure;
    
    static void rcc_init(void){
    
    	RCC_AHBPeriphClockCmd(RCC_AHBPeriph_DMA1, ENABLE);
    	/* Enable GPIO clock */
    	RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd( RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOB 
    							| RCC_APB2Periph_AFIO, ENABLE);
    	RCC_APB1PeriphClockCmd( RCC_APB1Periph_USART3, ENABLE);
    }
    
    static void gpio_init(void){
    
      GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;
      /* Configure USART Tx as alternate function push-pull */
      GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AF_PP;
      GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = TX_PIN;
      GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
      GPIO_Init(GPIOB, &GPIO_InitStructure);
    
      /* Configure USART Rx as input floating */
      GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_IN_FLOATING;
      GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = RX_PIN;
      
      GPIO_Init(GPIOB, &GPIO_InitStructure);
    
    }
    
    static void dma_init(void){
    
      DMA_InitTypeDef DMA_InitStructure;
    
      /* USARTy_Tx_DMA_Channel (triggered by USARTy Tx event) Config */
     
    	DMA_DeInit(USART_Rx_DMA_Channel);
    	DMA_InitStructure.DMA_PeripheralBaseAddr = USART_DR_Base;
    	DMA_InitStructure.DMA_MemoryBaseAddr = (uint32_t)RxBuffer;
    	//DMA_InitStructure.DMA_DIR = DMA_DIR_PeripheralDST;
    	DMA_InitStructure.DMA_DIR = DMA_DIR_PeripheralSRC;
    	DMA_InitStructure.DMA_BufferSize = USART_BUF_SIZE;
    	DMA_InitStructure.DMA_PeripheralInc = DMA_PeripheralInc_Disable;
    	DMA_InitStructure.DMA_MemoryInc = DMA_MemoryInc_Enable;
    	DMA_InitStructure.DMA_PeripheralDataSize = DMA_PeripheralDataSize_Byte;
    	DMA_InitStructure.DMA_MemoryDataSize = DMA_MemoryDataSize_Byte;
    	DMA_InitStructure.DMA_Mode = DMA_Mode_Circular;
    	DMA_InitStructure.DMA_Priority = DMA_Priority_VeryHigh;
    	DMA_InitStructure.DMA_M2M = DMA_M2M_Disable;
    	DMA_Init(USART_Rx_DMA_Channel, &DMA_InitStructure);
    
    }
    
    static void irq_init(void){
    
    	NVIC_InitTypeDef NVIC_InitStructure;
    
    	/* Enable the USART3_IRQn Interrupt */
    	NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel = USART3_IRQn;
    	NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority = IRQ_UART_PRE;
    	NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority = IRQ_UART_SUB;
    	NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd = ENABLE;
    	NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStructure);
    }
    
    void usart_send_char(char ch){
    
    	/* Loop until the end of transmission */
    	//while (USART_GetFlagStatus(COM_PORT, USART_FLAG_TC) == RESET){}
    	while((COM_PORT->SR & USART_FLAG_TC) != USART_FLAG_TC){
    	
    	}	
    	USART_SendData(COM_PORT, (uint8_t) ch);
    }
    
    uint8_t usart_recv_char(){
    	/* Wait the byte is entirely received by USARTy */
        //while(USART_GetFlagStatus(COM_PORT, USART_FLAG_RXNE) == RESET){}
    	while((COM_PORT->SR & USART_FLAG_RXNE) != USART_FLAG_RXNE){
    	
    	}
    	
        /* Store the received byte in the RxBuffer1 */
        return (uint8_t)USART_ReceiveData(COM_PORT);
    }
    
    int usart_printf(const char *fmt, ... )
    {
        uint8_t i = 0;
        uint8_t usart_tx_buf[128] = { 0 };
        va_list ap;
    
        va_start(ap, fmt );
        vsprintf((char*)usart_tx_buf, fmt, ap);
        va_end(ap);
    	
    	while(usart_tx_buf[i] && i < 128){
    		usart_send_char(usart_tx_buf[i]);		 
    		i++;
    	}	
       	usart_send_char('');
    	return 0;
    }
    
    void usart_test_echo(){
    	uint8_t tmp_dat = 0xff;
    
    	tmp_dat = usart_recv_char();
    	usart_send_char(tmp_dat);
    }
    
    void usart_init(void){
    
    	rcc_init ();
    	gpio_init ();
    	irq_init();
    	
    	/* USARTx configured as follow:
    		- BaudRate = 115200 baud  
    		- Word Length = 8 Bits
    		- One Stop Bit
    		- No parity
    		- Hardware flow control disabled (RTS and CTS signals)
    		- Receive and transmit enabled
    	*/
    	USART_InitStructure.USART_BaudRate = BAUDRATE;
    	USART_InitStructure.USART_WordLength = USART_WordLength_8b;
    	USART_InitStructure.USART_StopBits = USART_StopBits_1;
    	USART_InitStructure.USART_Parity = USART_Parity_No;
    	USART_InitStructure.USART_HardwareFlowControl = USART_HardwareFlowControl_None;
    	USART_InitStructure.USART_Mode = USART_Mode_Rx | USART_Mode_Tx;
    	/* USART configuration */
    	USART_Init(COM_PORT, &USART_InitStructure);
    
    	USART_ITConfig(COM_PORT, USART_IT_IDLE, ENABLE);
    	//USART_ITConfig(COM_PORT, USART_IT_RXNE, ENABLE);
    	/* Enable USART */
    	USART_Cmd(COM_PORT, ENABLE);
    	
    	USART_DMACmd(COM_PORT,USART_DMAReq_Rx, ENABLE);
    	dma_init();
    	DMA_ITConfig(USART_Rx_DMA_Channel, DMA_IT_TC, ENABLE);	
    	DMA_ITConfig(USART_Rx_DMA_Channel, DMA_IT_TE, ENABLE);
    	DMA_Cmd(USART_Rx_DMA_Channel, ENABLE);	
    
    }
    
    void usart_set_rx_cbk(uart_mod_t *pmod, rx_cbk pfunc,void *pargs){
    	pmod->pargs = pargs;
    	pmod->pfunc_rx_cbk = pfunc;
    }
    
    void DMA1_Channel3_IRQHandler(void){
         if(DMA_GetITStatus(USART_Rx_DMA_FLAG) == SET){        
            DMA_ClearITPendingBit(USART_Rx_DMA_FLAG);
        }
    }
    
    /**
      * @brief  This function handles USART3 global interrupt request.
      * @param  None
      * @retval None
      */
    void USART3_IRQHandler(void)
    {
    	uint8_t buf[USART_BUF_SIZE];
    	uint16_t rect_len = 0;
    	if(USART_GetITStatus(COM_PORT, USART_IT_IDLE) != RESET)	
    	{
    		uint8_t i = 0;
    		USART_ReceiveData(COM_PORT);
    		user_uart_mod.head = USART_BUF_SIZE - DMA_GetCurrDataCounter(USART_Rx_DMA_Channel);		
    		//fifo is not full	
    		while(user_uart_mod.head%USART_BUF_SIZE != user_uart_mod.tail%USART_BUF_SIZE){			
    			user_uart_mod.rx_buf[i++] = RxBuffer[user_uart_mod.tail++%USART_BUF_SIZE];
    		}
    		user_uart_mod.rx_dat_len = i;
    		//DMA_Cmd(USART_Rx_DMA_Channel, ENABLE);
    		if(user_uart_mod.pfunc_rx_cbk != NULL){
    			user_uart_mod.pfunc_rx_cbk(user_uart_mod.pargs);
    		}
    	}
    	USART_ClearITPendingBit(COM_PORT, USART_IT_IDLE);
    	//USART_ClearITPendingBit(COM_PORT, USART_IT_RXNE);
    }
    
    #if USE_MICROLIB_USART
    /**
      * @brief  Retargets the C library printf function to the USART.
      * @param  None
      * @retval None
      */
    PUTCHAR_PROTOTYPE
    {
    	/* Place your implementation of fputc here */
    	/* e.g. write a character to the USART */
    	USART_SendData(COM_PORT, (uint8_t) ch);
    	/* Loop until the end of transmission */
    	while (USART_GetFlagStatus(COM_PORT, USART_FLAG_TC) == RESET)
    	{}
    	return ch;
    }
    
    #else
    
    #pragma import(__use_no_semihosting)                          
    struct __FILE 
    { 
    	int handle; 
    
    }; 
    FILE __stdout;       
    
    int _sys_exit(int x)
    { 
    	x = x; 
    	return 0;
    } 
    int fputc(int ch, FILE *f)
    {      
    	/* Place your implementation of fputc here */
    	/* e.g. write a character to the USART */
    	USART_SendData(COM_PORT, (uint8_t) ch);
    	/* Loop until the end of transmission */
    	while (USART_GetFlagStatus(COM_PORT, USART_FLAG_TC) == RESET)
    	{}
    	return ch;
    }
    #endif
    

    参考用例

    这里需要调用usart_init,并设置回调函数,如果不设置,则不会执行回调。

    void motor_get_cmd_from_uart(void *pargs){
    	
    	if(pargs == NULL){
    		return;
    	}	
    	uart_mod_t *p = pargs;
    	if(p->rx_dat_len > 0 && p->rx_dat_len == PACKAGE_SIZE){
    		if(p->rx_buf[0] == PACKAGE_HEAD 
    		&& p->rx_buf[PACKAGE_SIZE - 1] == PACKAGE_TAIL){
    			user_cmd_mod.head = p->rx_buf[0];
    			user_cmd_mod.cmd.value_n[0] = p->rx_buf[1];
    			user_cmd_mod.cmd.value_n[1] = p->rx_buf[2];
    			
    			user_cmd_mod.option = p->rx_buf[3];
    			
    			user_cmd_mod.data.value_n[0] = p->rx_buf[4];
    			user_cmd_mod.data.value_n[1] = p->rx_buf[5];
    			user_cmd_mod.data.value_n[2] = p->rx_buf[6];
    			user_cmd_mod.data.value_n[3] = p->rx_buf[7];
    			
    			user_cmd_mod.tail = p->rx_buf[PACKAGE_SIZE - 1];
    			user_cmd_mod.process_flag = 1;
    		}		
    	}
    	p->rx_dat_len = 0;	
    }
    
    int main(void){
    	usart_init();
    	usart_set_rx_cbk(&user_uart_mod, motor_get_cmd_from_uart,&user_uart_mod);
    }
    
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/unclemac/p/12783362.html
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