工作原理
首先锁定并备份主服务器数据库,从服务器导入备份的数据库,实现两个数据库的初态一样。然后把主服务器上执行过的sql语句都记录到二进制日志 Binarylog 中,从服务器会来读取这个log, 自己再执行一遍对应的sql语句, 这样它们就一直同步了。
IP
主服务器IP:192.168.0.41
从服务器IP:192.168.0.42
主服务器配置
[mysqld] #主从备份 log-bin=mysql-bin binlog_format=mixed server-id=1 read-only=0 binlog-do-db=mydb binlog-ignore-db=mysql binlog-ignore-db=test binlog-ignore-db=information_schema binlog-ignore-db=performance_schema #双主备份 #auto-increment-increment=10 #auto-increment-offset=1
binlog_format = MIXED
#binlog日志格式,mysql默认采用statement,建议使用mixed
log-bin = /data/mysql/mysql-bin.log
#binlog日志文件
expire_logs_days = 7
#binlog过期清理时间
max_binlog_size = 100m
#binlog每个日志文件大小
binlog_cache_size = 4m
#binlog缓存大小
max_binlog_cache_size = 512m
#最大binlog缓存大小
从服务器配置
[mysqld] #主从备份 #log-bin=mysql-bin #binlog_format=mixed server-id=2 replicate-do-db=mydb replicate-ignore-db=mysql replicate-ignore-db=test replicate-ignore-db=information_schema replicate-ignore-db=performance_schema replicate-wild-ignore-table=mydb.000% replicate-wild-ignore-table=mydb.tmp% replicate-wild-ignore-table=mysql.% replicate-wild-ignore-table=test.% replicate-wild-ignore-table=information_schema.% replicate-wild-ignore-table=performance_schema.% relay_log=mysql-relay-bin log-slave-updates=ON
创建备份用户
grant replication slave on *.* to 'backup'@'192.168.0.42' identified by '123456';
binary日志
查看主服务器binary日志,开启同步要用
mysql> show master statusG *************************** 1. row *************************** File: mysql-bin.000001 Position: 106 Binlog_Do_DB: mydb Binlog_Ignore_DB: mysql,information_schema,performance_schema,test 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
开启同步
在从服务器执行如下命令开启同步并重启mysql
mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.0.41', MASTER_USER='backup', MASTER_PASSWORD='123456', MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000001', MASTER_LOG_POS=106;
注:开启同步时,默认主从服务器初态一样
验证同步
在从服务器执行如下命令验证同步
mysql> show slave statusG *************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event Master_Host: 192.168.0.41 Master_User: cifang Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 106 Relay_Log_File: mysql-relay-bin.000001 Relay_Log_Pos: 251 Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001 Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes Replicate_Do_DB: mydb Replicate_Ignore_DB: mysql,information_schema,performance_schema,test Replicate_Do_Table: Replicate_Ignore_Table: Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: Last_Errno: 0 Last_Error: Skip_Counter: 0 Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 106 Relay_Log_Space: 551 Until_Condition: None Until_Log_File: Until_Log_Pos: 0 Master_SSL_Allowed: No Master_SSL_CA_File: Master_SSL_CA_Path: Master_SSL_Cert: Master_SSL_Cipher: Master_SSL_Key: Seconds_Behind_Master: 0 Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No Last_IO_Errno: 0 Last_IO_Error: Last_SQL_Errno: 0 Last_SQL_Error: 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
Master_Log_File: 主服务器上的日志文件名
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 主服务器的日志记录位置
Slave_IO_Running: 主从服务器连接线程状态
Slave_SQL_Running:从服务器执行sql的线程
注:如果主从服务器的日志文件名和记录位置一致,且两个状态都为Yes,表示主从备份正常。
其他
查找当前有哪些二进制日志文件:
mysql> show binary logs;
删除mysql-bin.000001之前的所有二进制日志文件
mysql> purge binary logs to 'mysql-bin.000001'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.08 sec)
查看最前的二进制日志文件内容
show binlog events;
注:通过以上命令可以找到主从断开的位置,以便重新关联