如何正确地用MinGW64编译与配置vscode的Opencv环境
1.前情提要
最近有关于图形学的授课，教授开始布置的上机打码的代码实现作业了。虽说教授为了让我们省心，直接就整了个环境已经配置好的几个G的虚拟机给我们用。但是你也懂的，虚拟机打码，卡得要命。一开始还以为会用到什么高级的库，看了下就是个Eigen3和Opencv，对于Opencv，感觉自己手动在本地配一个就OK了。在配置的过程中才发现这玩意坑是尼玛的多，而且还是不带附加件的情况下，因此本篇博客应然而生。
2.准备工作
- 从https://github.com/opencv/opencv/releases下载合适版本的Opencv源码，笔者当时演示的是编译4.5.1版本的Opencv
- 下载安装、并正确配置MingW64（必须是64位，32位不支持Posix-thread，编译过程会报错），如果配置正确，在命令行输入命令应该会有正确的响应。
- 下载安装并正确配置cmake-gui
当然如果你足够geek的话，也可以直接用命令行，反正我是受不了
3.搭建，生成编译项目
首先把源码解压到一个文件夹中，并新建一个文件夹作为项目的输出
打开cmake-gui，填好源码以及输出的路径
点击Configure，就会弹出要你选择指定的编译环境的对话框了。我们妥妥地选择MinGW，并且指定Native编译器
把你MinGW64的gcc和g++的路径填进去（Fortran空着就行，这个项目用不上）
然后就开始配置了...
过了一会你回来发现，坑爹呢这是
配置显示你没有这两个第三方库，开始下载，并且由于中美两岸的缘故，半天都下不动。这个时候你就要明智地选择Stop了（网速好或者肉身FQ者另说）。
打开build/CMakeDownloadLog.txt，并找到
找到这两个库的地址，用尽你一切魔法上网手段去下载他们，这里是Opencv4.5.1两个库的地址分别是：
下好之后就可以放到build3rdpartyffmpeg中
顺利配置完毕
（可选）找到BUILD_opencv_world并勾选，这样做可以把opencv各种散装的库集中在一个库libopencv_world中，当然如果你只需要其中的几个库也可以不勾选，或者只勾选需要的库。
然后点击生成（Generate）
很快就生成完毕了，这时候就可以退出cmake了
4.编译Opencv
在build目录下打开命令行，并输入mingw32-make -j4
其中-j4是指四核异步进行编译，按下回车就正式开始编译了
目前我们就完成二分之一的工作了，接下来就剩下编译和配置了，注意编译时间比较长，可以喝杯茶适当休息一下
另外编译中途可能会报出各种奇奇怪怪的构造错误，并终止编译。你可以重复尝试更换不同数量的多核异步编译，基本都能解决。但如果出现编译错误就需要谷歌一下了，因为中途报出来的错误种类非常多非常杂。总之最终编译进度达到[100%]就是胜利了。
你可以再运行一次检查有没有疏漏
可以看到编译好的库都在uildin中了
如果你没有勾选libopencv_world的话，则是生成各种散装的库
5.配置运行环境
打开环境变量，找到PATH
将库的路径添加进去
6.配置vscode编译项目环境
首先在build目录下输入mingw32-make install以生成用以导入的头文件
在build/install/include/下你就可以看到这些头文件了
新建一个文件夹作为项目目录
在vscode中打开，并如图新建三个项目设置文件
按照下面进行配置，注意其中mingw64以及opencv改成你的目录路径
- c_cpp_properties.json
{
"configurations": [
{
"name": "Win64",
"includePath": [
"${workspaceFolder}\**",
"C:\Program Files\mingw-w64\x86_64-8.1.0-posix-seh-rt_v6-rev0\mingw64\include",
"C:\Program Files\mingw-w64\x86_64-8.1.0-posix-seh-rt_v6-rev0\mingw64\lib\gcc\x86_64-w64-mingw32\8.1.0\include",
"E:\Library\opencv\build\install\include"
],
"defines": [
"UNICODE",
"_UNICODE"
],
"intelliSenseMode": "msvc-x64",
"cStandard": "c11",
"cppStandard": "c++11"
}
],
"version": 4
}
- launch.json
{
"version": "0.2.0",
"configurations": [
{
"name": "(gdb) Launch",
"type": "cppdbg",
"request": "launch",
"program": "${workspaceRoot}\bin\Assignment.exe",
"args": [],
"stopAtEntry": false,
"cwd": "${workspaceRoot}\bin",
"environment": [],
"externalConsole": true,
"MIMode": "gdb",
"miDebuggerPath": "C:\Program Files\mingw-w64\x86_64-8.1.0-posix-seh-rt_v6-rev0\mingw64\bin\gdb.exe",
"preLaunchTask":"g++",
"setupCommands": [
{
"description": "Enable pretty-printing for gdb",
"text": "-enable-pretty-printing",
"ignoreFailures": false
}
]
}
]
}
- tasks.json
{
"version": "2.0.0",
"command": "g++",
"args": ["-g", "${file}",
"-o", "bin/Assignment.exe",
"-std=c++11",
"E:\Library\opencv\build\bin\libopencv_world451.dll",
"-I",
"E:\Library\opencv\build\install\include"]
}
如果你在编译时没有勾选BUILD_opencv_world，就要如下配置了......
{
"version": "2.0.0",
"command": "g++",
"args": ["-g", "${file}",
"-o", "bin/Assignment.exe",
"-std=c++11",
"E:\Library\opencv\build\bin\libopencv_aruco451.dll",
"E:\Library\opencv\build\bin\libopencv_bioinspired451.dll",
"E:\Library\opencv\build\bin\libopencv_calib3d451.dll",
"E:\Library\opencv\build\bin\libopencv_ccalib451.dll",
"E:\Library\opencv\build\bin\libopencv_core451.dll",
"E:\Library\opencv\build\bin\libopencv_datasets451.dll",
"E:\Library\opencv\build\bin\libopencv_dnn451.dll",
"E:\Library\opencv\build\bin\libopencv_dnn_objdetect451.dll",
"E:\Library\opencv\build\bin\libopencv_dnn_superres451.dll",
"E:\Library\opencv\build\bin\libopencv_dpm451.dll",
"E:\Library\opencv\build\bin\libopencv_face451.dll",
"E:\Library\opencv\build\bin\libopencv_features2d451.dll",
"E:\Library\opencv\build\bin\libopencv_flann451.dll",
"E:\Library\opencv\build\bin\libopencv_fuzzy451.dll",
"E:\Library\opencv\build\bin\libopencv_gapi451.dll",
"E:\Library\opencv\build\bin\libopencv_hfs451.dll",
"E:\Library\opencv\build\bin\libopencv_highgui451.dll",
"E:\Library\opencv\build\bin\libopencv_imgcodecs451.dll",
"E:\Library\opencv\build\bin\libopencv_imgproc451.dll",
"E:\Library\opencv\build\bin\libopencv_img_hash451.dll",
"E:\Library\opencv\build\bin\libopencv_intensity_transform451.dll",
"E:\Library\opencv\build\bin\libopencv_line_descriptor451.dll",
"E:\Library\opencv\build\bin\libopencv_mcc451.dll",
"E:\Library\opencv\build\bin\libopencv_ml451.dll",
"E:\Library\opencv\build\bin\libopencv_objdetect451.dll",
"E:\Library\opencv\build\bin\libopencv_phase_unwrapping451.dll",
"E:\Library\opencv\build\bin\libopencv_photo451.dll",
"E:\Library\opencv\build\bin\libopencv_plot451.dll",
"E:\Library\opencv\build\bin\libopencv_quality451.dll",
"E:\Library\opencv\build\bin\libopencv_rapid451.dll",
"E:\Library\opencv\build\bin\libopencv_reg451.dll",
"E:\Library\opencv\build\bin\libopencv_rgbd451.dll",
"E:\Library\opencv\build\bin\libopencv_saliency451.dll",
"E:\Library\opencv\build\bin\libopencv_shape451.dll",
"E:\Library\opencv\build\bin\libopencv_stitching451.dll",
"E:\Library\opencv\build\bin\libopencv_structured_light451.dll",
"E:\Library\opencv\build\bin\libopencv_surface_matching451.dll",
"E:\Library\opencv\build\bin\libopencv_text451.dll",
"E:\Library\opencv\build\bin\libopencv_video451.dll",
"E:\Library\opencv\build\bin\libopencv_videoio451.dll",
"E:\Library\opencv\build\bin\libopencv_xobjdetect451.dll",
"E:\Library\opencv\build\bin\libopencv_xphoto451.dll",
"-I",
"E:\Library\opencv\build\install\include"]
}
或者写个程序自动生成......
写个例程试试看......
成功编译运行。
（图片pid：74015542）
附录
A.用到的代码
- 例程
main.cpp代码
#include <opencv2/opencv.hpp>
#include <opencv2/highgui.hpp>
#include <iostream>
using namespace cv;
int main()
{
cv::Mat src = cv::imread("uzuki.png", -1), dst;
resize(src, dst, cv::Size(int(src.cols / 4), int(src.rows / 4)));
cv::imshow("Uzuki", dst);
cv::waitKey();
return 0;
}
- 文件自动生成
import os
def file_name(file_dir):
for root, dirs, files in os.walk(file_dir):
for filess in files :
if("libopencv" in filess) : print(""E:\\Library\\opencv\\build\\bin\\" + filess + "",")
file_name("E:\Library\opencv\build\bin\")