15 调试

1. pdb

pdb是基于命令行的调试工具，非常类似gnu的gdb（调试c/c++）。

def getAverage(a,b):
    result = a+b
    print("result is %s"%result)
    return result

a = 10
b = 20
c = a+b
ret = getAverage(a,b)
print(ret)

2.执行时调试

程序启动，停止在第一行等待单步调试。

python -m pdb some.py

 　　　　

(Pdb) l          #list显示当前的代码
  1  ->    def getAverage(a,b):
  2          result = a+b
  3          print("result is %s"%result)
  4          return result
  5      
  6      a = 10
  7      b = 20
  8      c = a+b
  9      ret = getAverage(a,b)
 10      print(ret)
[EOF]
(Pdb) n              #next 向下执行1行代码
> /home/python/python06/01-调试.py(6)<module>()
-> a = 10
(Pdb) l
  1      def getAverage(a,b):
  2          result = a+b
  3          print("result is %s"%result)
  4          return result
  5      
  6  ->    a = 10
  7      b = 20
  8      c = a+b
  9      ret = getAverage(a,b)
 10      print(ret)
[EOF]
(Pdb) c           #继续执行代码
result is 30
30
The program finished and will be restarted
> /home/python/python06/01-调试.py(1)<module>()
-> def getAverage(a,b):
(Pdb) l
  1  ->    def getAverage(a,b):
  2          result = a+b
  3          print("result is %s"%result)
  4          return result
  5      
  6      a = 10
  7      b = 20
  8      c = a+b
  9      ret = getAverage(a,b)
 10      print(ret)
[EOF]
(Pdb) n
> /home/python/python06/01-调试.py(6)<module>()
-> a = 10
(Pdb) l
  1      def getAverage(a,b):
  2          result = a+b
  3          print("result is %s"%result)
  4          return result
  5      
  6  ->    a = 10
  7      b = 20
  8      c = a+b
  9      ret = getAverage(a,b)
 10      print(ret)
[EOF]

(Pdb) b 9             #第9行添加断点
Breakpoint 1 at /home/python/python06/01-调试.py:9

(Pdb) n
> /home/python/python06/01-调试.py(7)<module>()
-> b = 20
(Pdb) l
  2          result = a+b
  3          print("result is %s"%result)
  4          return result
  5      
  6      a = 10
  7  ->    b = 20
  8      c = a+b
  9 B    ret = getAverage(a,b)
 10      print(ret)
[EOF]
(Pdb) c             
> /home/python/python06/01-调试.py(9)<module>()
-> ret = getAverage(a,b)
(Pdb) l
  4          return result
  5      
  6      a = 10
  7      b = 20
  8      c = a+b
  9 B->    ret = getAverage(a,b)
 10      print(ret)
[EOF]

(Pdb) p a
10
(Pdb) s
--Call--
> /home/python/python06/01-调试.py(1)getAverage()
-> def getAverage(a,b):
(Pdb) l
  1  ->    def getAverage(a,b):
  2          result = a+b
  3          print("result is %s"%result)
  4          return result
  5      
  6      a = 10
  7      b = 20
  8      c = a+b
  9 B    ret = getAverage(a,b)
 10      print(ret)
[EOF]
(Pdb) a
a = 10
b = 20
(Pdb) q      #退出调试

3.交互调试

进入python或ipython解释器

import pdb
pdb.run('testfun(args)') #此时会打开pdb调试，注意：先使用s跳转到这个testfun函数中，然后就可以使用l看到代码了

4.程序里埋点

当程序执行到pdb.set_trace() 位置时停下来调试

代码上下文

...

import pdb 
pdb.set_trace() 

...

 

5.日志调试

 　　大公司只能用日志调试

6.集成开发环境IDE