1.安装
a.安装pcre:yum install pcre -y yum install pcre-devel b.安装zlib-devel:yum install zlib-devel
c.yum install gd-devel openssl-devel -y
c.安装编译:
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --user=zxadmin --group=zxadmin --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_flv_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --http-client-body-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/client/ --http-proxy-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/proxy/ --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/fcgi/ --http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/uwsgi/ --http-scgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/scgi/ --with-pcre --with-file-aio --with-http_image_filter_module
make
make install
2.目录结构
[root@server05 ~]# ll /usr/local/nginx/ total 16 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Apr 19 18:01 conf drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Apr 19 18:01 html drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Apr 19 18:01 logs drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Apr 19 18:01 sbin
conf --->配置文件
html --->网页文件
logs --->日志文件
sbin --->主要的二进制程序
3.启动nginx
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx #运行此二进制文件
4.nginx进程:
[root@server05 nginx]# ps -aux|grep nginx root 33732 0.0 0.0 20328 616 ? Ss 18:06 0:00 nginx: master process ./sbin/nginx --nginx主进程 nobody 33733 0.0 0.1 20756 1204 ? S 18:06 0:00 nginx: worker process --nginx子进程
5.管理nginx:
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop --fast shutdown(快速停止nginx,很暴力,慎用!) /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s quit --graceful shutdown(完整有序的停止nginx,用户请求结束后关闭进程) /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload --reloading the configuration file(重载配置) /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reopen --reopening the log files(重新打开日志文件) kill -HUP 33837 --平滑重启,需要指定主进程id。 kill -USR1 33837 --重读日志,用于日志切割备份,需要指定主进程id。 用其他方法代替PID(每次都要ps获取pid,很麻烦): [root@server05 logs]# cat /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid 33837 ----------------------------------------------------------------- cat /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid |xargs kill -HUP cat /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid |xargs kill -USR1 ----------------------------------------------------------------- nginx -t --测试配置文件是否正确配置
6.配置文件
mkdir /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost
worker_processes 1; --有1个工作的子进程,可以自行修改,但太大无益,因为要争夺CPU,一般设置为 CPU数*核数
Event {
worker_connections 1024; // 一般是配置nginx连接的特性,这是指 一个子进程最大允许连1024个连接
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' --配置日志格式
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
#access_log logs/access.log main;
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
#keepalive_timeout 0;
keepalive_timeout 65;
#gzip on;
server { --基于域名的虚拟主机
listen 80;
server_name www.vijay.com;
location / {
root /usr/local/nginx/webroot/; --root指虚拟主机根目录,可以写相对路径,也可以写绝对路径 ,此处是绝对路径。
index 1.html;
}
access_log logs/www.vijay.com.access.log main; --为此虚拟主机设置专用的日志
}
server { --基于端口的虚拟主机
listen 8080;
server_name www.vijay.com;
location / {
root webroot;
index 2.html;
}
access_log logs/8080.access.log main; --为此虚拟主机设置专用的日志
}
server { --基于IP的虚拟主机
listen 80;
server_name 192.168.100.175;
location / {
root webroot; --root指虚拟主机根目录,可以写相对路径,也可以写绝对路径 ,此处是相对路径。
index 3.html;
}
access_log logs/192.168.100.175.access.log main; --为此虚拟主机设置专用的日志
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
location / {
root html;
index ab.html index.html index.htm;
}
#error_page 404 /404.html;
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
#
#location ~ .php$ {
# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
#}
# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
#
#location ~ .php$ {
# root html;
# fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
# fastcgi_index index.php;
# fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
# include fastcgi_params;
#}
# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
# concurs with nginx's one
#
#location ~ /.ht {
# deny all;
#}
include /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/*;
}
7.日志管理
我们观察nginx的server段,可以看到如下类似信息
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
这说明 该server, 它的访问日志的文件是 logs/host.access.log ,
使用的格式”main”格式.
除了main格式,你可以自定义其他格式.
main格式是什么?
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
# '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
# '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
main格式是我们定义好一种日志的格式,并起个名字,便于引用.
以上面的例子, main类型的日志,记录的 remote_addr.... http_x_forwarded_for等选项.
1: 日志格式 是指记录哪些选项
默认的日志格式: main
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
如默认的main日志格式,记录这么几项
远程IP- 远程用户/用户时间 请求方法(如GET/POST) 请求体body长度 referer来源信息
http-user-agent用户代理/蜘蛛 ,被转发的请求的原始IP
http_x_forwarded_for:在经过代理时,代理把你的本来IP加在此头信息中,传输你的原始IP
2: 声明一个独特的log_format并命名
log_format mylog '$remote_addr- "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
在下面的server/location,我们就可以引用 mylog
在server段中,这样来声明
Nginx允许针对不同的server做不同的Log ,(有的web服务器不支持,如lighttp)
access_log logs/access_8080.log mylog;
声明log log位置 log格式;
8.日志切割:
#! /bin/bash
LOGPATH=/usr/local/nginx/logs/access.log
BAKPATH=/usr/local/nginx/logs/LOG_BAK/$(date -d yesterday +%Y%m)
mkdir -p $BAKPATH
bak=$BAKPATH/$(date -d yesterday +%Y%m%d).access.log
mv $LOGPATH $bak;
touch $LOGPATH;
cat /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid |xargs kill -USR1;