- Basic Calculator
Implement a basic calculator to evaluate a simple expression string.
The expression string may contain open (
and closing parentheses )
, the plus +
or minus sign -
, non-negative integers and empty spaces ``.
Example 1:
Input: "1 + 1"
Output: 2
Example 2:
Input: " 2-1 + 2 "
Output: 3
Example 3:
Input: "(1+(4+5+2)-3)+(6+8)"
Output: 23
Note:
- You may assume that the given expression is always valid.
- Do not use the
eval
built-in library function.
解 栈的应用
注意设置优先级时,左括号最高,右括号最低。实现过程如下:
- 如果当前是数字,那么更新计算当前数字;
- 如果当前是操作符+或者-,那么需要更新计算当前计算的结果res,并把当前数字num设为0,sign设为正负,重新开始;
- 如果当前是(,那么说明后面的小括号里的内容需要优先计算,所以要把res,sign进栈,更新res和sign为新的开始;
- 如果当前是),那么说明当前括号里的内容已经计算完毕,所以要把之前的结果出栈,然后计算整个式子的结果;
- 最后,当所有数字结束的时候,需要把结果进行计算,确保结果是正确的。
class Solution {
public:
unordered_map<char, int>prior{{'+', 1}, {'-', 1}, {'*', 2}, {'/', 2}, {'(', 3}, {')', 0}};
int calculate(string s) {
s += "#";
stack<int>nums;
stack<char>op;
string tmp = "";
for(int i = 0; i < s.size(); ++i){
if(s[i] == ' ')continue;
if(isdigit(s[i])){
tmp += s[i];
}else{
if(tmp.size() > 0){
nums.push(stoi(tmp));
tmp = "";
}
if(s[i] == '#')continue;
while(!op.empty() && op.top() != '(' && prior[op.top()] >= prior[s[i]]){
int n1 = nums.top();
nums.pop();
int n2 = nums.top();
nums.pop();
char ch = op.top();
op.pop();
nums.push(compute(n2, n1, ch));
}
if(s[i] == ')')op.pop();
else op.push(s[i]);
}
}
while(!op.empty()){
int n1 = nums.top();
nums.pop();
int n2 = nums.top();
nums.pop();
char ch = op.top();
op.pop();
nums.push(compute(n2, n1, ch));
}
return nums.top();
}
int compute(int n1, int n2, char op){
if(op == '+')return n1 + n2;
if(op == '-')return n1 - n2;
if(op == '*')return n1 * n2;
if(op == '/')return n1 / n2;
return -1;
}
};