任务一 C语言模拟wc命令、实现linux下客户端服务器文件通信
使用man wc命令查看wc命令的基本用法:

可知wc命令的功能为:统计指定文件中的字节数、字数、行数等,并将统计结果显示输出。常用的参数为:
- -c:统计字节数
- -l:统计行数
- -m:统计字符数,且不能与-c参数一起使用
- -w:统计字数,一个字被定义为由空白、跳格或换行字符分割的字符串
- -L:打印最长行的长
但是,如果我们想统计某文件中出现过某个特定单词的行数,只用wc命令是无法完成的。我们可以借助管道将wc命令与其他命令(如grep)串联起来:
grep and test.txt | wc -l

上面命令实现了查找test.txt中所有出现过“and”这个单词的行,并统计行数。
进一步,如果想精确到个数,可以加上参数-o选项(only),表示只选中那些匹配的地方,结果为:

基于以上分析,代码如下:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
void wc_func(char *file,int ism,int isw,int isl);
int main(int argc ,char *argv[])
{
int ism,isw,isl,opt;
ism = isw = isl = 0;
int count = 0;
while((opt=getopt(argc,argv,"mwl"))!=-1)
{
count++;
switch(opt)
{
case 'm':
ism=1;
break;
case 'w':
isw=1;
break;
case 'l':
isl=1;
break;
case '?':
printf("请查看该指令说明文档 %c
",optopt);
exit(0);
}
}
if(count==0)
{
ism=isw=isl=1;
}
if(optind==argc)
{
printf("wc error: have no file!
");
}
for(;optind<argc;optind++)
{
wc_func(argv[optind],ism,isw,isl);
}
}
void wc_func(char *file,int ism,int isw,int isl)
{
int t,m,w,l;
int state = 0;
FILE *in;
if((in = fopen(file,"r"))==NULL)
{
printf("wc %s:no this file or dir
",file);
return;
}
w=m=l=0;
while((t=fgetc(in))!=EOF)
{
/*if(t==' '||t==' ')
{
w++;
}
else if(t=='
')
{
l++;
}*/
if(t == '
') {
l++;
state = 0;
continue;
} else if(t == ' ') {
state = 0;
continue;
} else if(t == '
') {
state = 0;
continue;
} else {
if(state == 0) {
state = 1;
w++;
}
continue;
}
m++;
}
if(isl)
printf("%-5d",l);
if(isw)
printf("%-5d",w);
if(ism)
printf("%-5d",m);
printf("%-10s
",file);
}
运行结果如下:

虽然在网络安全编程基础课程上学习过网络编程的相关知识,但基于的是Windows。将其移植到Linux下时需要注意以下几个方面:
- 头文件 Windows下winsock.h或winsock2.h;
- Linux下netinet/in.h(包括大部分),unistd.h(包括close函数),sys/socket.h。
- 初始化 windows下需要用WSAStartup启动Ws2_32.lib;
- linux下不需要。
- 关闭socket windows下使用closesocket();
- linux下使用close()。
- 类型 windows下SOCKET;
- 多线程(下一个任务会用到) windows下包含process.h,使用beginthread和endthread;
- linux下包含pthread.h,使用pthreadcreate和pthreadexit。
...... 以上是在移植过程中遇到的问题,需格外注意。
基于客户端与服务器的通信流程,可分别写出创建服务器和客户端,以及客户端和服务器连接的代码:
/*创建服务器:*/
#include <netinet/in.h> // for sockaddr_in
#include <sys/types.h> // for socket
#include <sys/socket.h> // for socket
#include <stdio.h> // for printf
#include <stdlib.h> // for exit
#include <string.h> // for bzero
#include <unistd.h>
/*
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
*/
#define HELLO_WORLD_SERVER_PORT 5212
#define LENGTH_OF_LISTEN_QUEUE 20
#define BUFFER_SIZE 1024
#define FILE_NAME_MAX_SIZE 512
#define FILE_WORDS_NUMBER 32
int wc_func(char *file_name);
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
//设置一个socket地址结构server_addr,代表服务器internet地址, 端口
struct sockaddr_in server_addr;
bzero(&server_addr,sizeof(server_addr)); //把一段内存区的内容全部设置为0
server_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
server_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = htons(INADDR_ANY);
server_addr.sin_port = htons(HELLO_WORLD_SERVER_PORT);
//创建用于internet的流协议(TCP)socket,用server_socket代表服务器socket
int server_socket = socket(PF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0);
if( server_socket < 0)
{
printf("Create Socket Failed!");
exit(1);
}
//把socket和socket地址结构联系起来
if( bind(server_socket,(struct sockaddr*)&server_addr,sizeof(server_addr)))
{
printf("Server Bind Port : %d Failed!", HELLO_WORLD_SERVER_PORT);
exit(1);
}
//server_socket用于监听
if ( listen(server_socket, LENGTH_OF_LISTEN_QUEUE) )
{
printf("Server Listen Failed!");
exit(1);
}
while (1) //服务器端要一直运行
{
//定义客户端的socket地址结构client_addr
struct sockaddr_in client_addr;
socklen_t length = sizeof(client_addr);
//接受一个到server_socket代表的socket的一个连接
//如果没有连接请求,就等待到有连接请求--这是accept函数的特性
//accept函数返回一个新的socket,这个socket(new_server_socket)用于同连接到的客户的通信
//new_server_socket代表了服务器和客户端之间的一个通信通道
//accept函数把连接到的客户端信息填写到客户端的socket地址结构client_addr中
int new_server_socket = accept(server_socket,(struct sockaddr*)&client_addr,&length);
if ( new_server_socket < 0)
{
printf("Server Accept Failed!
");
break;
}
char file_name[FILE_NAME_MAX_SIZE+1];
bzero(file_name, FILE_NAME_MAX_SIZE+1);
char buffer[BUFFER_SIZE];
bzero(buffer,BUFFER_SIZE);
recv(new_server_socket,file_name,BUFFER_SIZE,0);
FILE * fp = fopen(file_name,"w");
if(NULL == fp )
{
printf("File: %s Can Not Open To Write
", file_name);
exit(1);
}
//从客户端接收数据到buffer中
bzero(buffer,BUFFER_SIZE);
int len = 0;
while( len = recv(new_server_socket,buffer,BUFFER_SIZE,0))
{
if(len < 0)
{
printf("Recieve Data From Client %s Failed!
", argv[1]);
break;
}
int write_length = fwrite(buffer,sizeof(char),len,fp);
if (write_length<len)
{
printf("File: %s Write Failed
", file_name);
break;
}
bzero(buffer,BUFFER_SIZE);
}
printf("File: %s Transfer Finished!
",file_name);
fclose(fp);
//关闭与客户端的连接
close(new_server_socket);
}
//关闭监听用的socket
close(server_socket);
return 0;
}
/*客户端:*/
#include <netinet/in.h> // for sockaddr_in
#include <sys/types.h> // for socket
#include <sys/socket.h> // for socket
#include <stdio.h> // for printf
#include <stdlib.h> // for exit
#include <string.h> // for bzero
#include <unistd.h>
/*
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
*/
#define HELLO_WORLD_SERVER_PORT 5212
#define BUFFER_SIZE 1024
#define FILE_NAME_MAX_SIZE 512
#define FILE_WORDS_NUMBER 32
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
if (argc != 2)
{
printf("Usage: ./%s ServerIPAddress
",argv[0]);
exit(1);
}
//设置一个socket地址结构client_addr,代表客户机internet地址, 端口
struct sockaddr_in client_addr;
bzero(&client_addr,sizeof(client_addr)); //把一段内存区的内容全部设置为0
client_addr.sin_family = AF_INET; //internet协议族
client_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = htons(INADDR_ANY);//INADDR_ANY表示自动获取本机地址
client_addr.sin_port = htons(0); //0表示让系统自动分配一个空闲端口
//创建用于internet的流协议(TCP)socket,用client_socket代表客户机socket
int client_socket = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0);
if( client_socket < 0)
{
printf("Create Socket Failed!
");
exit(1);
}
//把客户机的socket和客户机的socket地址结构联系起来
if( bind(client_socket,(struct sockaddr*)&client_addr,sizeof(client_addr)))
{
printf("Client Bind Port Failed!
");
exit(1);
}
//设置一个socket地址结构server_addr,代表服务器的internet地址, 端口
struct sockaddr_in server_addr;
bzero(&server_addr,sizeof(server_addr));
server_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
if(inet_aton(argv[1],&server_addr.sin_addr) == 0) //服务器的IP地址来自程序的参数
{
printf("Server IP Address Error!
");
exit(1);
}
server_addr.sin_port = htons(HELLO_WORLD_SERVER_PORT);
socklen_t server_addr_length = sizeof(server_addr);
//向服务器发起连接,连接成功后client_socket代表了客户机和服务器的一个socket连接
if(connect(client_socket,(struct sockaddr*)&server_addr, server_addr_length) < 0)
{
printf("Can Not Connect To %s!
",argv[1]);
exit(1);
}
char file_name[FILE_NAME_MAX_SIZE+1];
bzero(file_name, FILE_NAME_MAX_SIZE+1);
printf("Please Input File Name On Server: ");
scanf("%s", file_name);
char buffer[BUFFER_SIZE];
bzero(buffer,BUFFER_SIZE);
strncpy(buffer, file_name, strlen(file_name)>BUFFER_SIZE?BUFFER_SIZE:strlen(file_name));
//向服务器发送buffer中的数据
send(client_socket,buffer,BUFFER_SIZE,0);
FILE * fp = fopen(file_name,"r");
if(NULL == fp )
{
printf("File: %s Not Found
", file_name);
exit(1);
}
else
{
bzero(buffer, BUFFER_SIZE);
int file_block_length = 0;
while( (file_block_length = fread(buffer,sizeof(char),BUFFER_SIZE, fp))>0)
{
//printf("file_block_length = %d
",file_block_length);
//发送buffer中的字符串到服务器
if(send(client_socket,buffer,file_block_length,0)<0)
{
printf("Send File: %s Failed
", file_name);
break;
}
bzero(buffer, BUFFER_SIZE);
}
}
printf("Send File: %s To Server[%s] Finished
",file_name, argv[1]);
printf("The File has %d words.
", wc_func(file_name));
fclose(fp);
//关闭socket
close(client_socket);
return 0;
}
int wc_func(char *file_name)
{
int t;
int w = 0;
int state = 0;
FILE *in;
if((in = fopen(file_name,"r"))==NULL)
{
printf("wc %s:no this file or dir
",file_name);
return;
}
while((t=fgetc(in))!=EOF)
{
if(t=='
'||t==' '||t=='
') {
state = 0;
continue;
} else {
if(state == 0) {
state = 1;
w++;
}
continue;
}
}
return w;
}
运行结果:

任务二 多线程实现传送文本文件的服务器和客户端
查看与创建进程相关的函数:

“pthreadcreate()”函数,使用man 3 pthreadcreate命令查看其用法

意思是:系统调用里没有“pthread”函数,再编译使用进程的.C文件时要在 后面加上-pthread
函数说明:
- thread:线程标识符;
- attr:线程属性设置;
- startroutine:线程函数的起始地址;
- arg:传递给startroutine的参数;
- 返回值:成功,返回0;出错,返回-1。 注意:pthread库不是Linux系统默认的库,连接时需要使用静态库libpthread.a,所以在线程函数在编译时,需要使用“-lpthread”链接库函数。 因此,服务器需要循环检测是否有新的连接。如果有,则调用pthread_create()函数创建新的进程,并执行相关代码。
这部分的代码如下:
while(1){ //接受客户端连接 socklent addrlen = sizeof(struct sockaddr); struct sockaddrin clientaddr; //客户端地址结构 int clientsock = accept(ss, (struct sockaddr*)&clientaddr, &addrlen); if(clientsock < 0){ printf("accept error
"); } printf("accept success
");
pthread_t pid;
if(pthread_create(&pid, NULL, process_client, &client_sock) < 0){
printf("pthread_create error
");
}
}
创建了新的线程,接下来就可以传送文件了。
代码如下:
/*服务器*/
#include<netinet/in.h>
#include<sys/types.h>
#include<sys/socket.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<pthread.h>
/*
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
*/
#define HELLO_WORLD_SERVER_PORT 165212
#define LENGTH_OF_LISTEN_QUEUE 20
#define BUFFER_SIZE 1024
#define FILE_NAME_MAX_SIZE 512
void *process_client(void *new_server_socket);
int mywc(char file_name[])
{
char ch;
int flag=0,num=0;
int choose;
FILE *fp;
printf("统计单词个数还是实现“wc -w”?(1or2)
");
scanf("%d",&choose);
if((fp = fopen(file_name,"r"))==NULL)
{
printf("Failure to open %s
",file_name);
exit(0);
}
if(choose==1)
{
while((ch=fgetc(fp))!=EOF)
{
if(ch==' ' || ch=='
' || ch==' ' || ch=='!' || ch=='?' || ch=='"' || ch=='.' || ch== '\,' || ch==':' || ch=='(' || ch==')' || ch==';' || ch=='-')
{
flag=0;
}
else
{
if(flag==0)
{
flag=1;
num++;
}
}
}
}
else if(choose==2)
{
while((ch=fgetc(fp))!=EOF)
{
if(ch==' ' || ch=='
' || ch==' ' || ch=='
')
flag=0;
else
{
if(flag==0)
{
flag=1;
num++;
}
}
}
}
printf("单词个数为:%d
",num);
fclose(fp);
return num;
}
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
// set socket's address information
// 设置一个socket地址结构server_addr,代表服务器internet的地址和端口
struct sockaddr_in server_addr;
bzero(&server_addr, sizeof(server_addr));
server_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
server_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = htons(INADDR_ANY);
server_addr.sin_port = htons(HELLO_WORLD_SERVER_PORT);
// create a stream socket
// 创建用于internet的流协议(TCP)socket,用server_socket代表服务器向客户端提供服务的接口
int server_socket = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if (server_socket < 0)
{
printf("Create Socket Failed!
");
exit(1);
}
// 把socket和socket地址结构绑定
if (bind(server_socket, (struct sockaddr*)&server_addr, sizeof(server_addr)))
{
printf("Server Bind Port: %d Failed!
", HELLO_WORLD_SERVER_PORT);
exit(1);
}
// server_socket用于监听
if (listen(server_socket, LENGTH_OF_LISTEN_QUEUE))
{
printf("Server Listen Failed!
");
exit(1);
}
// 服务器端一直运行用以持续为客户端提供服务
while(1)
{
// 定义客户端的socket地址结构client_addr,当收到来自客户端的请求后,调用accept
// 接受此请求,同时将client端的地址和端口等信息写入client_addr中
struct sockaddr_in client_addr;
socklen_t length = sizeof(client_addr);
// 接受一个从client端到达server端的连接请求,将客户端的信息保存在client_addr中
// 如果没有连接请求,则一直等待直到有连接请求为止,这是accept函数的特性,可以
// 用select()来实现超时检测
// accpet返回一个新的socket,这个socket用来与此次连接到server的client进行通信
// 这里的new_server_socket代表了这个通信通道
int new_server_socket = accept(server_socket, (struct sockaddr*)&client_addr, &length);
printf("连接到客户端
");
if (new_server_socket < 0)
{
printf("Server Accept Failed!
");
}
//添加进程相关代码
pthread_t pid;
if(pthread_create(&pid, NULL, process_client,(void *) &new_server_socket) < 0){
printf("pthread_create error
");
}
}
// close(server_socket);
}
void *process_client(void *new_server_socket)
{
int sockid=*(int *)new_server_socket;
FILE *fp;
//接受来自客户端的文件
char buffer[BUFFER_SIZE];
char file_name[FILE_NAME_MAX_SIZE];
bzero(buffer, sizeof(buffer));
int length=0;
if(recv(sockid,buffer,BUFFER_SIZE, 0)==-1)
{
printf("接受文件名%s失败
",buffer);
}
strcpy(file_name,buffer);
strcat(file_name,"-server");
if((fp = fopen(file_name,"w"))==NULL)
{
printf("Failure to open %s
",file_name);
exit(0);
}
while( length = recv(sockid, buffer, BUFFER_SIZE, 0))
{
if(length<0)
{
printf("接受文件出错
");
exit(0);
}
if(fwrite(buffer,sizeof(char),length,fp)<length)
{
printf("写文件失败
");
}
bzero(buffer, BUFFER_SIZE);
}
fclose(fp);
printf("接受文件完毕
");
int number=0;
number=mywc(file_name);
bzero(buffer, BUFFER_SIZE);
buffer[0]=number+48;
// 发送buffer中的字符串到new_server_socket,实际上就是发送给客户端
/*if (send(new_server_socket, buffer, sizeof(buffer), 0) < 0)
{
printf("Send number Failed!
");
}
printf("发送单词个数完毕
");*/
bzero(buffer, sizeof(buffer));
// fclose(fp);
printf("File Transfer Finished!
");
close(new_server_socket);
}
/*客户端*/
include<netinet/in.h> // for sockaddr_in include<sys/types.h> // for socket include<sys/socket.h> // for socket include<stdio.h> // for printf include<stdlib.h> // for exit include<string.h> // for bzero /* include <sys/types.h> include <sys/stat.h> include <fcntl.h> include <unistd.h> */ define HELLOWORLDSERVER_PORT 165212 define BUFFER_SIZE 1024 define FILENAMEMAX_SIZE 512 int mywc(char file_name[],int choose); int main(int argc, char **argv) { FILE *fp; if (argc != 2) { printf("Usage: ./%s ServerIPAddress ", argv[0]); exit(1); } // 设置一个socket地址结构clientaddr, 代表客户机的internet地址和端口 struct sockaddrin clientaddr; bzero(&clientaddr, sizeof(clientaddr)); clientaddr.sinfamily = AFINET; // internet协议族 client_addr.sinaddr.saddr = htons(INADDRANY); // INADDRANY表示自动获取本机地址 clientaddr.sinport = htons(0); // auto allocated, 让系统自动分配一个空闲端口 // 创建用于internet的流协议(TCP)类型socket,用clientsocket代表客户端socket int clientsocket = socket(AF_INET, SOCKSTREAM, 0); if (clientsocket < 0) { printf("Create Socket Failed! "); exit(1); } // 把客户端的socket和客户端的socket地址结构绑定 if (bind(clientsocket, (struct sockaddr*)&clientaddr, sizeof(client_addr))) { printf("Client Bind Port Failed! "); exit(1); } // 设置一个socket地址结构serveraddr,代表服务器的internet地址和端口 struct sockaddrin serveraddr; bzero(&serveraddr, sizeof(serveraddr)); serveraddr.sinfamily = AFINET; // 服务器的IP地址来自程序的参数 if (inetaton(argv[1], &serveraddr.sinaddr) == 0) { printf("Server IP Address Error! "); exit(1); } serveraddr.sinport = htons(HELLOWORLDSERVERPORT); socklen_t serveraddrlength = sizeof(serveraddr); // 向服务器发起连接请求,连接成功后clientsocket代表客户端和服务器端的一个socket连接 if (connect(clientsocket, (struct sockaddr*)&serveraddr, serveraddrlength) < 0) { printf("Can Not Connect To %s! ", argv[1]); exit(1); } char file_name[FILE_NAME_MAX_SIZE + 1]; bzero(file_name, sizeof(file_name)); printf("Please Input File Name. "); scanf("%s", file_name); if((fp = fopen(file_name,"r"))==NULL) { printf("Failure to open %s ",file_name); exit(0); } char buffer[BUFFER_SIZE]; bzero(buffer, sizeof(buffer)); strcpy(buffer,file_name); if(send(client_socket,buffer,BUFFER_SIZE,0)==-1) { printf("发送文件名失败 "); } char ch; int i=0; while((ch=fgetc(fp))!=EOF) { buffer[i++]=ch; if(i>=BUFFER_SIZE) { if((send(client_socket, buffer, BUFFER_SIZE, 0))==-1) { printf("发送文件失败 "); } bzero(buffer, sizeof(buffer)); i=0; } } if(i<BUFFER_SIZE) { if((send(client_socket, buffer, i, 0))==-1) { printf("发送文件失败 "); } } printf("发送%s完毕 ",file_name); mywc(file_name,1); mywc(file_name,2); // 向服务器发送buffer中的数据,此时buffer中存放的是客户端需要接收的文件 //以下接收服务器发来的单词个数 bzero(buffer, sizeof(buffer)); // int length = 0; /* int length = recv(client_socket, buffer, sizeof(buffer), 0); if (length < 0) { printf("Recieve Data From Server %s Failed! ", argv[1]); } else { printf("Recieve words number %c From Server[%s] Finished! ",buffer[0],argv[1]); } bzero(buffer, BUFFER_SIZE); */ // 传输完毕,关闭socket fclose(fp); close(client_socket); return 0; } int mywc(char file_name[],int choose) { FILE *fp; char ch; int flag=0,num=0; // int choose; // printf("统计单词个数还是实现“wc -w”?(1or2) "); // scanf("%d",&choose); if((fp = fopen(filename,"r"))==NULL) { printf("Failure to open %s ",filename); exit(0); } if(choose==1) { while((ch=fgetc(fp))!=EOF) { if(ch==' ' || ch==' ' || ch==' ' || ch=='!' || ch=='?' || ch=='"' || ch=='.' || ch== '\,' || ch==':' || ch=='(' || ch==')' || ch==';' || ch=='-') { flag=0; } else { if(flag==0) { flag=1; num++; } } } } else if(choose==2) { while((ch=fgetc(fp))!=EOF) { if(ch==' ' || ch==' ' || ch==' ' || ch==' ') flag=0; else { if(flag==0) { flag=1; num++; } } } } printf("单词个数为:%d_用方式%d计算 ",num,choose); fclose(fp); return num; }
1