玩转单元测试之WireMock -- Web服务模拟器

玩转单元测试之WireMock -- Web服务模拟器

WireMock 是一个灵活的库用于 Web 服务测试，和其他测试工具不同的是，WireMock 创建一个实际的 HTTP服务器来运行你的 Web 服务以方便测试。

它支持 HTTP 响应存根、请求验证、代理/拦截、记录和回放， 并且可以在单元测试下使用或者部署到测试环境。

它可以用在哪些场景下：

• 测试移动应用依赖于第三方REST APIs
• 创建快速原型的APIs
• 注入否则难于模拟第三方服务中的错误
• 任何单元测试的代码依赖于web服务的

目录
   前提条件
   Maven配置
   准备工作
   Examples
   Troubleshooting
   参考

前提条件

---

• JDK 1.7

• Maven 3

  

Maven配置

---

 pom里添加以下的dependencies

<dependency>
      <groupId>com.github.tomakehurst</groupId>
      <artifactId>wiremock</artifactId>
      <version>1.53</version>
      <classifier>standalone</classifier>
</dependency>

  <dependency>
        <groupId>org.testng</groupId>
        <artifactId>testng</artifactId>
        <version>6.8</version>
  </dependency>

如果有依赖冲突，可以exclued 掉冲突的依赖， 配置如下

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.github.tomakehurst</groupId>
    <artifactId>wiremock</artifactId>
    <version>1.53</version>

    <!-- Include everything below here if you have dependency conflicts -->
    <classifier>standalone</classifier>
    <exclusions>
        <exclusion>
          <groupId>org.mortbay.jetty</groupId>
          <artifactId>jetty</artifactId>
        </exclusion>
        <exclusion>
          <groupId>com.google.guava</groupId>
          <artifactId>guava</artifactId>
        </exclusion>
        <exclusion>
          <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
          <artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId>
        </exclusion>
        <exclusion>
          <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
          <artifactId>jackson-annotations</artifactId>
        </exclusion>
        <exclusion>
          <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
          <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
        </exclusion>
        <exclusion>
          <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
          <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
        </exclusion>
        <exclusion>
          <groupId>org.skyscreamer</groupId>
          <artifactId>jsonassert</artifactId>
        </exclusion>
        <exclusion>
          <groupId>xmlunit</groupId>
          <artifactId>xmlunit</artifactId>
        </exclusion>
        <exclusion>
          <groupId>com.jayway.jsonpath</groupId>
          <artifactId>json-path</artifactId>
        </exclusion>
        <exclusion>
          <groupId>net.sf.jopt-simple</groupId>
          <artifactId>jopt-simple</artifactId>
        </exclusion>
     </exclusions>
</dependency>

准备工作

---

 首先我写了一个类HTTPRequestor用来执行Http request访问Rest服务的， 然后我需要一个Rest服务来测试我写的类是否ok, 但我手上没有一个真实的Rest web service, 所以WireMock就可以出场了，模拟一个Rest web serivce来测试我这个类。

HTTPRequestor如下：

package com.demo.HttpRequestor;

import static com.jayway.restassured.RestAssured.given;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import com.jayway.restassured.response.Response;
import com.jayway.restassured.specification.RequestSpecification;

/**
 * Wrapper for RestAssured. Perform an HTTP requests.
 * 
 * @author wadexu
 *
 */
public class HTTPRequestor {

        protected static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HTTPRequestor.class);
    private RequestSpecification reqSpec;
    

    /**
     * Constructor. Initializes the RequestSpecification (relaxedHTTPSValidation
     * avoids certificate errors).
     * 
     */
    public HTTPRequestor() {
        reqSpec = given().relaxedHTTPSValidation();
    }

    public HTTPRequestor(String proxy) {
        reqSpec = given().relaxedHTTPSValidation().proxy(proxy);
    }

    /**
     * Performs the request using the stored request data and then returns the response
     * 
     * @param url
     * @param method
     * @param headers
     * @param body
     * @return response Response, will contain entire response (response string and status code).
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public Response perform_request(String url, String method, HashMap<String, String> headers, String body) throws Exception {
        
        Response response = null;
        
        try {

          for(Map.Entry<String, String> entry: headers.entrySet()) {
            reqSpec.header(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
          }
      
          switch(method) {
      
            case "GET": {
              response = reqSpec.get(url);
              break;
            }
            case "POST": {
              response = reqSpec.body(body).post(url);
              break;
            }
            case "PUT": {
              response = reqSpec.body(body).put(url);
              break;
            }
            case "DELETE": {
              response = reqSpec.delete(url);
              break;
            }
      
            default: {
              logger.error("Unknown call type: [" + method + "]");
            }
          }
          
        } catch (Exception e) {
          logger.error("Problem performing request: ", e);
        }

        return response;
      }
}

这个类是需要依赖 jayway 的 rest-assured包的

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.jayway.restassured</groupId>
            <artifactId>rest-assured</artifactId>
            <version>2.3.3</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

Examples

---

 新建一个测试类HTTPRequestorMockTest

new 一个 WireMockService 配置一下 然后启动

        wireMockServer = new WireMockServer(wireMockConfig().port(8090));
        WireMock.configureFor("localhost", 8090);
        wireMockServer.start(); 

在测试方法之前

创建存根, 指明是GET方法，URL路径, Header的内容，会返回什么样的Response

    @BeforeTest
    public void stubRequests() {
      stubFor(get(urlEqualTo("/cars/Chevy"))
              .withHeader("Accept", equalTo("application/json"))
              .withHeader("User-Agent", equalTo("Jakarta Commons-HttpClient/3.1"))
                      .willReturn(aResponse()
                                  .withHeader("content-type", "application/json")
                                  .withStatus(200)
                                  .withBody("{"message":"Chevy car response body"}")
                                 )
             );
    }

##转载注明出处： http://www.cnblogs.com/wade-xu/p/4299710.html 

一切都模拟好了，接下来开始测试了，测试方法如下

@Test
    public void test_Get_Method() {
        
        String url = "http://localhost:8090/cars/Chevy";
        String method = "GET";
        String body = "";
        
        HashMap<String, String> headers = new HashMap<String, String>();
        headers.put("Accept", "application/json");
        headers.put("User-Agent", "Jakarta Commons-HttpClient/3.1");
        
        HTTPRequestor httpRequestor = new HTTPRequestor();
        Response response = null;
        
        try {
                response = httpRequestor.perform_request(url, method, headers, body);
        } catch (Exception e) {
                fail("Problem using HTTPRequestor to generate response: " + e.getMessage());
        }
        
        assertEquals(200, response.getStatusCode());
        assertEquals("Chevy car response body", response.jsonPath().get("message"));
        
    }

上面的例子是GET，没有请求体，下面我们来看POST的例子

同理 创建存根

RequestBody假设为"Mini Cooper"

 stubFor(post(urlEqualTo("/cars/Mini"))
              .withHeader("Authorization", equalTo("Basic d8d74jf82o929d"))
              .withHeader("Accept", equalTo("application/json"))
              .withHeader("User-Agent", equalTo("Jakarta Commons-HttpClient/3.1"))
              .withRequestBody(equalTo("Mini Cooper"))
                      .willReturn(aResponse()
                                  .withHeader("content-type", "application/json")
                                  .withStatus(200)
                                  .withBody("{"message":"Mini Cooper car response body", "success":true}")
                                 )
             );

测试方法如下：

 @Test
    public void test_Post_Method() {
        
        String url = "http://localhost:8090/cars/Mini";
        String method = "POST";
        String body = "Mini Cooper";
        
        HashMap<String, String> headers = new HashMap<String, String>();
        headers.put("Authorization", "Basic d8d74jf82o929d");
        headers.put("Accept", "application/json");
        headers.put("User-Agent", "Jakarta Commons-HttpClient/3.1");
        
        HTTPRequestor httpRequestor = new HTTPRequestor();
        Response response = null;
        
        try {
                response = httpRequestor.perform_request(url, method, headers, body);
        } catch (Exception e) {
                fail("Problem using HTTPRequestor to generate response: " + e.getMessage());
        }
        
        assertEquals(200, response.getStatusCode());
        assertEquals("Mini Cooper car response body", response.jsonPath().get("message"));
        assertEquals(true, response.jsonPath().get("success"));
        
    }

PUT 和 DELETE 都是一样的道理，有兴趣的读者可以自行练习。

测试结束之后 不要忘记tear down， 停掉WireMockServer

@AfterTest(alwaysRun=true)
    public void tearDown() {    
      wireMockServer.stop();
      wireMockServer.shutdown();
    }

贴出我的整个测试类 (两个测试方法都需要同样的参数，所以可以用@DataProvider的方式来改进，我这里就不详细阐述了)

package com.demo.mocktest;

import static com.github.tomakehurst.wiremock.client.WireMock.aResponse;
import static com.github.tomakehurst.wiremock.client.WireMock.equalTo;
import static com.github.tomakehurst.wiremock.client.WireMock.get;
import static com.github.tomakehurst.wiremock.client.WireMock.post;
import static com.github.tomakehurst.wiremock.client.WireMock.stubFor;
import static com.github.tomakehurst.wiremock.client.WireMock.urlEqualTo;
import static com.github.tomakehurst.wiremock.core.WireMockConfiguration.wireMockConfig;
import static org.testng.Assert.assertEquals;
import static org.testng.Assert.fail;

import java.util.HashMap;

import org.testng.ITest;
import org.testng.annotations.AfterTest;
import org.testng.annotations.BeforeTest;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;

import com.demo.HttpRequestor.HTTPRequestor;
import com.github.tomakehurst.wiremock.WireMockServer;
import com.github.tomakehurst.wiremock.client.WireMock;
import com.jayway.restassured.response.Response;

public class HTTPRequestorMockTest implements ITest{
    
    private WireMockServer wireMockServer;
    
    @Override
    public String getTestName() {
      return "Mock Test";
    }
    
    public HTTPRequestorMockTest() {
        wireMockServer = new WireMockServer(wireMockConfig().port(8090));
        WireMock.configureFor("localhost", 8090);
        wireMockServer.start();  
    }
    
    @BeforeTest
    public void stubRequests() {
      stubFor(get(urlEqualTo("/cars/Chevy"))
              .withHeader("Accept", equalTo("application/json"))
              .withHeader("User-Agent", equalTo("Jakarta Commons-HttpClient/3.1"))
                      .willReturn(aResponse()
                                  .withHeader("content-type", "application/json")
                                  .withStatus(200)
                                  .withBody("{"message":"Chevy car response body"}")
                                 )
             );
      
      stubFor(post(urlEqualTo("/cars/Mini"))
              .withHeader("Authorization", equalTo("Basic d8d74jf82o929d"))
              .withHeader("Accept", equalTo("application/json"))
              .withHeader("User-Agent", equalTo("Jakarta Commons-HttpClient/3.1"))
              .withRequestBody(equalTo("Mini Cooper"))
                      .willReturn(aResponse()
                                  .withHeader("content-type", "application/json")
                                  .withStatus(200)
                                  .withBody("{"message":"Mini Cooper car response body", "success":true}")
                                 )
             );
    }
    
    @Test
    public void test_Get_Method() {
        
        String url = "http://localhost:8090/cars/Chevy";
        String method = "GET";
        String body = "";
        
        HashMap<String, String> headers = new HashMap<String, String>();
        headers.put("Accept", "application/json");
        headers.put("User-Agent", "Jakarta Commons-HttpClient/3.1");
        
        
        HTTPRequestor httpRequestor = new HTTPRequestor();
        Response response = null;
        
        try {
                response = httpRequestor.perform_request(url, method, headers, body);
        } catch (Exception e) {
                fail("Problem using HTTPRequestor to generate response: " + e.getMessage());
        }
        
        assertEquals(200, response.getStatusCode());
        assertEquals("Chevy car response body", response.jsonPath().get("message"));
        
    }
    
    @Test
    public void test_Post_Method() {
        
        String url = "http://localhost:8090/cars/Mini";
        String method = "POST";
        String body = "Mini Cooper";
        
        HashMap<String, String> headers = new HashMap<String, String>();
        headers.put("Authorization", "Basic d8d74jf82o929d");
        headers.put("Accept", "application/json");
        headers.put("User-Agent", "Jakarta Commons-HttpClient/3.1");
        
        HTTPRequestor httpRequestor = new HTTPRequestor();
        Response response = null;
        
        try {
                response = httpRequestor.perform_request(url, method, headers, body);
        } catch (Exception e) {
                fail("Problem using HTTPRequestor to generate response: " + e.getMessage());
        }
        
        assertEquals(200, response.getStatusCode());
        assertEquals("Mini Cooper car response body", response.jsonPath().get("message"));
        assertEquals(true, response.jsonPath().get("success"));
        
    }
    
    @AfterTest(alwaysRun=true)
    public void tearDown() {    
      wireMockServer.stop();
      wireMockServer.shutdown();
    }

}

##转载注明出处： http://www.cnblogs.com/wade-xu/p/4299710.html 

Run as TestNG

测试结果如下：

PASSED: Mock Test
PASSED: Mock Test

===============================================
    Default test
    Tests run: 2, Failures: 0, Skips: 0
===============================================

[TestNG] Time taken by org.testng.reporters.JUnitReportReporter@26b923ee: 7 ms
[TestNG] Time taken by [TestListenerAdapter] Passed:0 Failed:0 Skipped:0]: 1 ms
[TestNG] Time taken by org.testng.reporters.EmailableReporter@512f0124: 5 ms
[TestNG] Time taken by org.testng.reporters.XMLReporter@5a4ec51c: 7 ms
[TestNG] Time taken by org.testng.reporters.SuiteHTMLReporter@5706937e: 31 ms

Troubleshooting

---

 HTTPRequestor类第59行 报错Cannot switch on a value of type String for source level below 1.7. Only convertible int values or enum constants are permitted

--- Java Build Path 设置 JRE System library 1.7 以上

Static import 如下：

import static com.github.tomakehurst.wiremock.client.WireMock.aResponse;
import static com.github.tomakehurst.wiremock.client.WireMock.equalTo;
import static com.github.tomakehurst.wiremock.client.WireMock.get;
import static com.github.tomakehurst.wiremock.client.WireMock.post;
import static com.github.tomakehurst.wiremock.client.WireMock.stubFor;
import static com.github.tomakehurst.wiremock.client.WireMock.urlEqualTo;
import static com.github.tomakehurst.wiremock.core.WireMockConfiguration.wireMockConfig;

参考

---

 官方文档：http://wiremock.org/

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##转载注明出处： http://www.cnblogs.com/wade-xu/p/4299710.html