类(对象)的定义
一、工厂方式
一般方式创建对象
1var oPeople=new Object;
2oPeople.name="WangHongjian";
3oPeople.age=4;
4oPeople.job="Programmer";
5oPeople.doJob=function(){
6 alert("Well Done");
7};
其中doJob为指向函数的指针,该属性是方法。2oPeople.name="WangHongjian";
3oPeople.age=4;
4oPeople.job="Programmer";
5oPeople.doJob=function(){
6 alert("Well Done");
7};
使用工厂模式(factory function)
1function oPeople(){
2 var oTmpPeople=new Object;
3 oTmpPeople.name="WangHongjian";
4 oTmpPeople.age=4;
5 oTmpPeople.job="Programmer";
6 oTmpPeople.doJob=function(){
7 alert(this.name);
8 }
9 return oTmpPeople;
10}
11var oP=new oPeople();
12oP.doJob();
2 var oTmpPeople=new Object;
3 oTmpPeople.name="WangHongjian";
4 oTmpPeople.age=4;
5 oTmpPeople.job="Programmer";
6 oTmpPeople.doJob=function(){
7 alert(this.name);
8 }
9 return oTmpPeople;
10}
11var oP=new oPeople();
12oP.doJob();
在此基础上继续完善,为oPeople()加上参数,可为其成员赋值。
1function oPeople(sName,iAge,sJob){
2 var oTmpPeople=new Object;
3 oTmpPeople.name=sName,
4 oTmpPeople.age=iAge,
5 oTmpPeople.job=sJob;
6 oTmpPeople.doJob=function(){
7 alert(this.name);
8 }
9 return oTmpPeople;
10}
11var oP1=new oPeople("WangHongjian",22,"Programmer");
12oP1.doJob();
13var oP2=new oPeople("Zhang*",21,"Student");
14oP2.doJob();
2 var oTmpPeople=new Object;
3 oTmpPeople.name=sName,
4 oTmpPeople.age=iAge,
5 oTmpPeople.job=sJob;
6 oTmpPeople.doJob=function(){
7 alert(this.name);
8 }
9 return oTmpPeople;
10}
11var oP1=new oPeople("WangHongjian",22,"Programmer");
12oP1.doJob();
13var oP2=new oPeople("Zhang*",21,"Student");
14oP2.doJob();
二、构造函数方式
1function oPeople(sName,iAge,sJob){
2 this.name=sName,
3 this.age=iAge,
4 this.job=sJob;
5 this.doJob=function(){
6 alert(this.name);
7 }
8 return oTmpPeople;
9}
10var oP=new oPeople("WangHongjian",22,"Programmer");
11oP.doJob();
2 this.name=sName,
3 this.age=iAge,
4 this.job=sJob;
5 this.doJob=function(){
6 alert(this.name);
7 }
8 return oTmpPeople;
9}
10var oP=new oPeople("WangHongjian",22,"Programmer");
11oP.doJob();
在构造函数内容无创建对象,使用this关键字,使用new运算符调用构造函数时,在执行第一行代码前先创建一个对象,只有用this才能访问该对象。
三、原型方式
1function oPeople(){
2}
3oPeople.prototype.name="WangHongjian";
4oPeople.prototype.age=23;
5oPeople.prototype.books=new Array("Data Struct","Algorithm Analysis");
6oPeople.prototype.doJob=function(){
7 alert(this.name);
8}
9var oP1=new oPeople();
10var oP2=new oPeople();
11oP1.books.push("Software Enginee");
12alert(oP1.books);
13alert(oP2.books);
2}
3oPeople.prototype.name="WangHongjian";
4oPeople.prototype.age=23;
5oPeople.prototype.books=new Array("Data Struct","Algorithm Analysis");
6oPeople.prototype.doJob=function(){
7 alert(this.name);
8}
9var oP1=new oPeople();
10var oP2=new oPeople();
11oP1.books.push("Software Enginee");
12alert(oP1.books);
13alert(oP2.books);
此处属性books是指向Array对象的指针,由于books是引用值,oP1、oP2的两个实例都指向同一数组,因此在oP1.books中使用push方法也会影响到oP2.books值。
这样就引出了——
混合的构造函数/原型方式
混合的构造函数+原型方式即用构造函数定义对象的所有非函数属性,用原型方式定义对象的函数属性(方法)。这样所有函数都只创建一次,而每个对象都具有自己的对象属性实例。
1function oPeople(sName,iAge){
2 this.name=sName;
3 this.age=iAge;
4 this.books=new Array("Data Struct","Algorithm Analysis");
5}
6oPeople.prototype.doJob=function(){
7 alert(this.name);
8};
9var oP1=new oPeople("Wang Hongjian",23);
10var oP2=new oPeople("Jing",22);
11oP1.books.push("Software Enginee");
12alert(oP1.books);
13alert(oP2.books);
2 this.name=sName;
3 this.age=iAge;
4 this.books=new Array("Data Struct","Algorithm Analysis");
5}
6oPeople.prototype.doJob=function(){
7 alert(this.name);
8};
9var oP1=new oPeople("Wang Hongjian",23);
10var oP2=new oPeople("Jing",22);
11oP1.books.push("Software Enginee");
12alert(oP1.books);
13alert(oP2.books);
这种方式功能实现了对象实例之间的分离,但对于面向对象程序员来讲形式上不易于接受。考虑到此种情况,对该方式进行改进,产生了动态原型方法
动态原型方法
动态原型方法基本与混合的构造函数/原型方式相同,只在函数方法构造的位置稍有变化。继续演示示例
1function oPeople(sName,iAge){
2 this.name=sName;
3 this.age=iAge;
4 this.books=new Array("Data Struct","Algorithm Analysis");
5
6 if(typeof oPeople._initialized=="undefined"){
7 oPeople.prototype.doJob=function(){
8 alert(this.name);
9 };
10 oPeople._initialized=true;
11 }
12}
13var oP=new oPeople("Wang Hongjian",23);
14oP.doJob();
2 this.name=sName;
3 this.age=iAge;
4 this.books=new Array("Data Struct","Algorithm Analysis");
5
6 if(typeof oPeople._initialized=="undefined"){
7 oPeople.prototype.doJob=function(){
8 alert(this.name);
9 };
10 oPeople._initialized=true;
11 }
12}
13var oP=new oPeople("Wang Hongjian",23);
14oP.doJob();
js引擎检查oPeople._initialized是否已建立,若没有建立,则构造doJob的原型方法,然后将建立标志为置为true,表示已建立;已建立不再重复建立,这样doJob方法只执行一次。
那么,OOPer,满足了吗?
最后还有一种
混合工厂方式
上面第一种方式讲述了工厂模式,将其变化,创建临时构造函数,只返回另一对象的新实例。
1function oPeople(sName,iAge){
2 var oTmpPeople=new Object;
3 oTmpPeople.name=sName;
4 oTmpPeople.age=iAge;
5 oTmpPeople.doJob=function(){
6 alert(this.name);
7 }
8 return oTmpPeople;
9}
2 var oTmpPeople=new Object;
3 oTmpPeople.name=sName;
4 oTmpPeople.age=iAge;
5 oTmpPeople.doJob=function(){
6 alert(this.name);
7 }
8 return oTmpPeople;
9}