文件系统管理工具介绍
一tune2fs的介绍和使用
tune2fs：重新设定ext系列文件系统可调整参数的值
-l：查看指定文件系统超级块信息；super block
-L 'LABEL'：修改卷标
-m #：修预留给管理员的空间百分比
-j: 将ext2升级为ext3
-O: 文件系统属性启用或禁用, –O ^has_journal
-o: 调整文件系统的默认挂载选项，–o ^acl
-U UUID: 修改UUID号
修改UUID号，一般不修改
方法指定UUID和设备名称即可
[root@centos65 ~]# blkid
/dev/sda1: UUID="6bbd9da4-0c3d-4496-a4b1-44bf79912740" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/sda2: UUID="10d2b40d-dcd8-4c16-aa81-511c520213f6" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/sda3: UUID="e432b350-a9a6-429b-8f07-592058efc6e2" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/sda5: UUID="b25a8a7e-40d8-485b-a5af-1b583698864d" TYPE="swap"
/dev/sdb2: UUID="b5e3fb3c-48be-49ff-b610-2b244d18639c" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/sdd: UUID="c4a0e490-aa52-4c8b-bcad-b20dd895971d" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/sdb3: UUID="bef91525-93b8-48a8-a2af-4ba463dc48ce" SEC_TYPE="ext2" TYPE="ext3" LABEL="/mnt/sdb3"
/dev/sdb5: UUID="53bc9bdb-6256-4ad9-bddb-361e3a4728fd" SEC_TYPE="ext2" TYPE="ext3"
[root@centos65 ~]# tune2fs -U "53bc9bdb-6256-4ad9-bddb-12343a4728fd" /dev/sdb5
tune2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
[root@centos65 ~]# blkid
/dev/sda1: UUID="6bbd9da4-0c3d-4496-a4b1-44bf79912740" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/sda2: UUID="10d2b40d-dcd8-4c16-aa81-511c520213f6" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/sda3: UUID="e432b350-a9a6-429b-8f07-592058efc6e2" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/sda5: UUID="b25a8a7e-40d8-485b-a5af-1b583698864d" TYPE="swap"
/dev/sdb2: UUID="b5e3fb3c-48be-49ff-b610-2b244d18639c" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/sdd: UUID="c4a0e490-aa52-4c8b-bcad-b20dd895971d" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/sdb3: UUID="bef91525-93b8-48a8-a2af-4ba463dc48ce" SEC_TYPE="ext2" TYPE="ext3" LABEL="/mnt/sdb3"
/dev/sdb5: UUID="53bc9bdb-6256-4ad9-bddb-12343a4728fd" SEC_TYPE="ext2" TYPE="ext3"
二文件系统标签的相关命令——blkid，e2label，findfs
文件系统标签是指向设备的另一种方法，与设备无关
blkid：块设备属性信息查看
blkid [OPTION]... [DEVICE]
-U UUID: 根据指定的UUID来查找对应的设备
-L LABEL：根据指定的LABEL来查找对应的设备
e2label：管理ext系列文件系统的LABEL
e2label DEVICE [LABEL]
findfs ：查找分区
findfs [options] LABEL=<label>
findfs [options] UUID=<uuid>
（一）blkid：块设备属性信息查看
blkid [OPTION]... [DEVICE]
-U UUID: 根据指定的UUID来查找对应的设备
[root@centos65 ~]# blkid -U 53bc9bdb-6256-4ad9-bddb-12343a4728fd
/dev/sdb5
-L LABEL：根据指定的LABEL来查找对应的设备
[root@centos65 ~]# blkid -L /mnt/sdb3
/dev/sdb3
注意L只能写在中间
[root@centos65 ~]# blkid /mnt/sdb3 -L
blkid: option requires an argument -- 'L'
blkid from util-linux-ng 2.17.2 (libblkid 2.17.0, 22-Mar-2010)
Usage:
blkid -L <label> | -U <uuid>
查看文件里面挂载目录的分区
[root@centos65 ~]# cat /etc/fstab
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Wed Jan 23 16:50:34 2019
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
UUID=10d2b40d-dcd8-4c16-aa81-511c520213f6 / ext4 defaults 1 1
UUID=e432b350-a9a6-429b-8f07-592058efc6e2 /app ext4 defaults 1 2
UUID=6bbd9da4-0c3d-4496-a4b1-44bf79912740 /boot ext4 defaults 1 2
UUID=b25a8a7e-40d8-485b-a5af-1b583698864d swap swap defaults 0 0
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0
devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
/dev/cdrom /media iso9660 defaults 0 0
注意目录是不能重复的，如果有两个app开头，但是结尾不同的，那么就要在目录名后面加空格，确保唯一
[root@centos65 ~]# sed -r -n 's#^UUID=(.*) /app.*#1#p' /etc/fstab
e432b350-a9a6-429b-8f07-592058efc6e2
[root@centos65 ~]# blkid -U `sed -r -n 's#^UUID=(.*) /app.*#1#p' /etc/fstab`
/dev/sda3
下面目录名前后都有空格
[root@centos65 ~]# blkid -U `sed -r -n 's#^UUID=(.*) /app .*#1#p' /etc/fstab`
/dev/sda3
两个文件找交集，取出文件相同的行
法1：使用正则表达式
[root@centos65 ~]# grep -f f1 f2
a
c
d
[root@centos65 ~]# cat f1
a
c
b
c
d
[root@centos65 ~]# cat f2
a
e
f
c
d
法2：
[root@centos65 ~]# cat f1 f2 | sort
a
a
b
c
c
c
d
d
e
f
[root@centos65 ~]# cat f1 f2 | sort | uniq
a
b
c
d
e
f
[root@centos65 ~]# cat f1 f2 | sort | uniq -c
2 a
1 b
3 c
2 d
1 e
1 f
只要删除有1的行就可以，注意为了确保1前面没空格就要在分隔符前后加空格
但是如果在一个文件里面就有重复的行，比如多次出现a，那么就会有误了。
[root@centos65 ~]# cat f1 f2 | sort | uniq -c | sed '/ 1 /d'
2 a
3 c
2 d
[root@centos65 ~]# cat f1 f2 | sort | uniq -c | sed '/1/d'
2 a
3 c
2 d
法3：如果在一个文件里面就有重复的行，比如多次出现a，那么就会有误了。这种逻辑关系和法2一样，是有问题的
[root@centos65 ~]# cat f1 f2 | sort | uniq -d
a
c
d
下面出现问题了
[root@centos65 ~]# cat f1 f2 | sort | uniq -d
a
c
d
g
[root@centos65 ~]# cat f1
a
c
b
c
d
[root@centos65 ~]# cat f2
a
e
f
g
g
c
d
（二）e2label：管理ext系列文件系统的LABEL
e2label DEVICE [LABEL]
（三）findfs ：查找分区
findfs [options] LABEL=<label>
findfs [options] UUID=<uuid>
[root@centos65 ~]# blkid
/dev/sda1: UUID="6bbd9da4-0c3d-4496-a4b1-44bf79912740" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/sda2: UUID="10d2b40d-dcd8-4c16-aa81-511c520213f6" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/sda3: UUID="e432b350-a9a6-429b-8f07-592058efc6e2" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/sda5: UUID="b25a8a7e-40d8-485b-a5af-1b583698864d" TYPE="swap"
/dev/sdb2: UUID="b5e3fb3c-48be-49ff-b610-2b244d18639c" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/sdd: UUID="c4a0e490-aa52-4c8b-bcad-b20dd895971d" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/sdb3: UUID="bef91525-93b8-48a8-a2af-4ba463dc48ce" SEC_TYPE="ext2" TYPE="ext3" LABEL="/mnt/sdb3"
/dev/sdb5: UUID="53bc9bdb-6256-4ad9-bddb-12343a4728fd" SEC_TYPE="ext2" TYPE="ext3"
[root@centos65 ~]# findfs UUID="53bc9bdb-6256-4ad9-bddb-12343a4728fd"
/dev/sdb5
[root@centos65 ~]# findfs UUID="53bc9bdb-6256-4ad9-bddb-12343a4728fd"^C
[root@centos65 ~]# findfs LABEL="/mnt/sdb3"
/dev/sdb3
dumpe2fs：
块分组管理，32768块
-h：查看超级块信息，不显示分组信息
[root@centos65 ~]# dumpe2fs -h /dev/sdb3
dumpe2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem volume name: <none>
Last mounted on: <not available>
Filesystem UUID: bef91525-93b8-48a8-a2af-4ba463dc48ce
Filesystem magic number: 0xEF53
Filesystem revision #: 1 (dynamic)
Filesystem features: has_journal ext_attr resize_inode dir_index filetype sparse_super large_file
Filesystem flags: signed_directory_hash
Default mount options: (none)
Filesystem state: clean
Errors behavior: Continue
Filesystem OS type: Linux
Inode count: 131648
Block count: 526128
Reserved block count: 26306
Free blocks: 500679
Free inodes: 131637
First block: 0
Block size: 4096
Fragment size: 4096
Reserved GDT blocks: 128
Blocks per group: 32768
Fragments per group: 32768
Inodes per group: 7744
Inode blocks per group: 484
Filesystem created: Wed Feb 27 11:39:57 2019
Last mount time: n/a
Last write time: Wed Feb 27 11:39:59 2019
Mount count: 0
Maximum mount count: 21
Last checked: Wed Feb 27 11:39:57 2019
Check interval: 15552000 (6 months)
Next check after: Mon Aug 26 11:39:57 2019
Reserved blocks uid: 0 (user root)
Reserved blocks gid: 0 (group root)
First inode: 11
Inode size: 256
Required extra isize: 28
Desired extra isize: 28
Journal inode: 8
Default directory hash: half_md4
Directory Hash Seed: fba196ac-6692-4dfa-a19b-b721e3ad325e
Journal backup: inode blocks
Journal features: (none)
Journal size: 64M
Journal length: 16384
Journal sequence: 0x00000001
Journal start: 0
dumpe2fs -h /dev/sdb3和 tune2fs -l /dev/sdb3显示的是一样的结果
[root@centos65 ~]# tune2fs -l /dev/sdb3
tune2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem volume name: <none>
Last mounted on: <not available>
Filesystem UUID: bef91525-93b8-48a8-a2af-4ba463dc48ce
Filesystem magic number: 0xEF53
Filesystem revision #: 1 (dynamic)
Filesystem features: has_journal ext_attr resize_inode dir_index filetype sparse_super large_file
Filesystem flags: signed_directory_hash
Default mount options: (none)
Filesystem state: clean
Errors behavior: Continue
Filesystem OS type: Linux
Inode count: 131648
Block count: 526128
Reserved block count: 26306
Free blocks: 500679
Free inodes: 131637
First block: 0
Block size: 4096
Fragment size: 4096
Reserved GDT blocks: 128
Blocks per group: 32768
Fragments per group: 32768
Inodes per group: 7744
Inode blocks per group: 484
Filesystem created: Wed Feb 27 11:39:57 2019
Last mount time: n/a
Last write time: Wed Feb 27 11:39:59 2019
Mount count: 0
Maximum mount count: 21
Last checked: Wed Feb 27 11:39:57 2019
Check interval: 15552000 (6 months)
Next check after: Mon Aug 26 11:39:57 2019
Reserved blocks uid: 0 (user root)
Reserved blocks gid: 0 (group root)
First inode: 11
Inode size: 256
Required extra isize: 28
Desired extra isize: 28
Journal inode: 8
Default directory hash: half_md4
Directory Hash Seed: fba196ac-6692-4dfa-a19b-b721e3ad325e
Journal backup: inode blocks