Linux文件归档工具——tar

---

Linux打包压缩命令——tar

一tar工具的介绍

Tar（Tape ARchive，磁带归档的缩写）

NAME
       tar - manual page for tar 1.26

SYNOPSIS
       tar [OPTION...] [FILE]...

DESCRIPTION
       GNU  `tar' saves many files together into a single tape or disk archive, and can restore indi‐
       vidual files from the archive.

       Note that this manual page contains just very brief description (or more like a list of possi‐
       ble  functionality)  originally generated by the help2man utility.  The full documentation for
       tar is maintained as a Texinfo manual.  If the info and tar programs are properly installed at
       your site, the command `info tar' should give you access to the complete manual

二tar工具的使用

tar [OPTION]...

(1) 创建归档

tar -c -f /PATH/TO/SOMEFILE.tar FILE...

(2) 追加文件至归档

注：不支持对压缩文件追加

tar -r -f /PATH/TO/SOMEFILE.tar FILE...

(3) 查看归档文件中的文件列表

tar -t -f /PATH/TO/SOMEFILE.tar

(4) 展开归档

tar -x -f /PATH/TO/SOMEFILE.tar

tar -x -f /PATH/TO/SOMEFILE.tar -C /PATH/

(5) 结合压缩工具实现：归档并压缩

-j: bzip2, -z: gzip, -J: xz

（一）对文件进行打包，并且显示过程

-c表示创建打包文件，和压缩工具一样，要指明对应的后缀

-f表示打包到哪个文件里面

对整个目录进行打包

[root@centos72 ~]# tar  -cvf   /app/sysconfig.tar   /etc/sysconfig/
tar: Removing leading `/' from member names
/etc/sysconfig/
/etc/sysconfig/ip6tables-config
/etc/sysconfig/iptables-config
/etc/sysconfig/cbq/
/etc/sysconfig/cbq/avpkt
/etc/sysconfig/cbq/cbq-0000.example
/etc/sysconfig/rdisc
/etc/sysconfig/console/
/etc/sysconfig/init
/etc/sysconfig/modules/
/etc/sysconfig/netconsole
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-lo
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-bnep
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-eth
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-ippp
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-ipv6
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-isdn
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-post
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-ppp
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-routes
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-sit
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-tunnel
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-aliases
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-bnep
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-eth
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-ippp
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-ipv6
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-isdn
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-plip
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-plusb
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-post
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-ppp
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-routes
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-sit
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-tunnel
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-wireless
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/init.ipv6-global
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/network-functions
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/network-functions-ipv6
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-Team
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-TeamPort
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-Team
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-TeamPort
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens37
/etc/sysconfig/readonly-root
/etc/sysconfig/crond
/etc/sysconfig/run-parts
/etc/sysconfig/selinux
/etc/sysconfig/wpa_supplicant
/etc/sysconfig/ebtables-config
/etc/sysconfig/grub
/etc/sysconfig/irqbalance
/etc/sysconfig/man-db
/etc/sysconfig/rsyslog
/etc/sysconfig/firewalld
/etc/sysconfig/kdump
/etc/sysconfig/sshd
/etc/sysconfig/authconfig
/etc/sysconfig/cpupower
/etc/sysconfig/kernel
/etc/sysconfig/network
/etc/sysconfig/anaconda
/etc/sysconfig/chronyd
/etc/sysconfig/ntpdate
/etc/sysconfig/ntpd
/etc/sysconfig/keepalived
/etc/sysconfig/ipvsadm-config
/etc/sysconfig/nginx
/etc/sysconfig/nginx-debug
/etc/sysconfig/htcacheclean
/etc/sysconfig/httpd

打包的文件变小了，但是实际上没有压缩

[root@centos72 ~]# ls  /app/sysconfig.tar  -l
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 235520 May  3 10:10 /app/sysconfig.tar
[root@centos72 ~]# ls  /app/sysconfig.tar  -lh
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 230K May  3 10:10 /app/sysconfig.tar
[root@centos72 ~]# du -sh   /etc/sysconfig/
368K    /etc/sysconfig/

（二）对文件进行打包并且压缩

 结合压缩工具实现：归档并压缩  -j: bzip2, -z: gzip, -J: xz

[root@centos72 ~]# tar  -zcf   /app/sysconfig.tar.gz  /etc/sysconfig/
tar: Removing leading `/' from member names
[root@centos72 ~]# tar  -Jcf   /app/sysconfig.tar.xz  /etc/sysconfig/
tar: Removing leading `/' from member names
[root@centos72 ~]# tar  -jcf   /app/sysconfig.tar.bz2  /etc/sysconfig/
tar: Removing leading `/' from member names

[root@centos72 ~]# ls /app/ -lt
total 4272
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  38103 May  3 10:27 sysconfig.tar.bz2
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  37988 May  3 10:22 sysconfig.tar.xz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  47000 May  3 10:22 sysconfig.tar.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 235520 May  3 10:10 sysconfig.tar
----rwx--- 1 root root     15 May  2 23:42 aa.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 832545 May  2 23:37 messages
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 108052 May  2 23:28 messages.zip
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  80145 May  2 23:24 sysconfig.zip
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 831851 May  2 23:00 m1
-rw------- 1 root root 106019 May  2 22:59 m.gz.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 831851 May  2 22:46 mmm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 831851 May  2 17:58 mm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  49513 May  2 17:58 mm.bz2
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 197701 May  2 17:55 m.z
-rw------- 1 root root 106019 May  2 17:31 m.gz

上面提示tar: Removing leading `/' from member names无关紧要的，如果你显示，那么就在f前面加上P即可

参考文档：https://blog.51cto.com/13447608/2105102

[root@centos72 ~]# tar  -jcPf   /app/sysconfig.tar.bz2  /etc/sysconfig/
[root@centos72 ~]# tar  -JcPf   /app/sysconfig.tar.xz  /etc/sysconfig/
[root@centos72 ~]# tar  -zcPf   /app/sysconfig.tar.gz  /etc/sysconfig/

（三）查看归档文件中的文件列表

tar -t -f /PATH/TO/SOMEFILE.tar

压缩与否都有效

[root@centos72 ~]# tar  -tvf   /app/sysconfig.tar.gz 
tar: Removing leading `/' from member names
drwxr-xr-x root/root         0 2019-05-02 14:46 /etc/sysconfig/
-rw------- root/root      2393 2018-11-05 01:03 /etc/sysconfig/ip6tables-config
-rw------- root/root      2374 2018-11-05 01:03 /etc/sysconfig/iptables-config
drwxr-xr-x root/root         0 2019-01-13 00:15 /etc/sysconfig/cbq/
-rw-r--r-- root/root        11 2018-04-11 16:08 /etc/sysconfig/cbq/avpkt
-rw-r--r-- root/root        79 2018-04-11 16:08 /etc/sysconfig/cbq/cbq-0000.example
-rw-r--r-- root/root        15 2017-08-04 16:01 /etc/sysconfig/rdisc
drwxr-xr-x root/root         0 2018-10-31 06:57 /etc/sysconfig/console/
-rw-r--r-- root/root       798 2018-10-31 06:57 /etc/sysconfig/init
drwxr-xr-x root/root         0 2018-10-31 06:57 /etc/sysconfig/modules/
-rw-r--r-- root/root       634 2018-10-31 06:57 /etc/sysconfig/netconsole
drwxr-xr-x root/root         0 2019-05-02 14:45 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
-rw-r--r-- root/root       254 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-lo
lrwxrwxrwx root/root         0 2019-05-02 14:45 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown -> ../../../usr/sbin/ifdown
-rwxr-xr-x root/root       654 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-bnep
-rwxr-xr-x root/root      6532 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-eth
-rwxr-xr-x root/root       781 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-ippp
-rwxr-xr-x root/root      4540 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-ipv6
lrwxrwxrwx root/root         0 2019-05-02 14:45 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-isdn -> ifdown-ippp
-rwxr-xr-x root/root      2130 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-post
-rwxr-xr-x root/root      1068 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-ppp
-rwxr-xr-x root/root       870 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-routes
-rwxr-xr-x root/root      1456 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-sit
-rwxr-xr-x root/root      1462 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-tunnel
lrwxrwxrwx root/root         0 2019-05-02 14:45 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup -> ../../../usr/sbin/ifup
-rwxr-xr-x root/root     12415 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-aliases
-rwxr-xr-x root/root       910 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-bnep
-rwxr-xr-x root/root     13475 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-eth
-rwxr-xr-x root/root     12075 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-ippp
-rwxr-xr-x root/root     11893 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-ipv6
lrwxrwxrwx root/root         0 2019-05-02 14:45 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-isdn -> ifup-ippp
-rwxr-xr-x root/root       650 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-plip
-rwxr-xr-x root/root      1064 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-plusb
-rwxr-xr-x root/root      4997 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-post
-rwxr-xr-x root/root      4154 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-ppp
-rwxr-xr-x root/root      2001 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-routes
-rwxr-xr-x root/root      3303 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-sit
-rwxr-xr-x root/root      2711 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-tunnel
-rwxr-xr-x root/root      1836 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-wireless
-rwxr-xr-x root/root      5419 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/init.ipv6-global
-rw-r--r-- root/root     20671 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/network-functions
-rw-r--r-- root/root     31027 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/network-functions-ipv6
-rwxr-xr-x root/root      1621 2017-03-18 01:41 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-Team
-rwxr-xr-x root/root      1556 2017-03-18 01:41 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-TeamPort
-rwxr-xr-x root/root      1755 2017-03-18 01:41 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-Team
-rwxr-xr-x root/root      1876 2017-03-18 01:41 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-TeamPort
-rw-r--r-- root/root       206 2019-04-15 17:16 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33
-rw-r--r-- root/root       210 2019-04-15 17:18 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens37
-rw-r--r-- root/root       905 2018-10-31 06:57 /etc/sysconfig/readonly-root
-rw------- root/root       110 2018-04-11 09:48 /etc/sysconfig/crond
-rw-r--r-- root/root         0 2014-06-10 06:14 /etc/sysconfig/run-parts
lrwxrwxrwx root/root         0 2019-01-13 00:16 /etc/sysconfig/selinux -> ../selinux/config
-rw-r--r-- root/root       610 2018-10-31 07:03 /etc/sysconfig/wpa_supplicant
-rw------- root/root      1390 2018-04-11 10:44 /etc/sysconfig/ebtables-config
lrwxrwxrwx root/root         0 2019-05-02 14:45 /etc/sysconfig/grub -> ../default/grub
-rw-r--r-- root/root       903 2018-04-11 04:31 /etc/sysconfig/irqbalance
-rw-r--r-- root/root       200 2018-10-30 22:55 /etc/sysconfig/man-db
-rw-r--r-- root/root       196 2018-10-30 22:49 /etc/sysconfig/rsyslog
-rw-r--r-- root/root        73 2018-10-31 06:46 /etc/sysconfig/firewalld
-rw-r--r-- root/root      1722 2018-11-05 01:10 /etc/sysconfig/kdump
-rw-r----- root/root       506 2018-04-11 12:21 /etc/sysconfig/sshd
-rw-r--r-- root/root       483 2019-01-13 00:21 /etc/sysconfig/authconfig
-rw-r--r-- root/root       150 2018-11-09 07:49 /etc/sysconfig/cpupower
-rw-r--r-- root/root       180 2019-01-13 00:21 /etc/sysconfig/kernel
-rw-r--r-- root/root        22 2019-05-02 14:45 /etc/sysconfig/network
-rw-r--r-- root/root       366 2019-01-13 00:22 /etc/sysconfig/anaconda
-rw-r--r-- root/root        46 2018-04-13 01:37 /etc/sysconfig/chronyd
-rw-r--r-- root/root       111 2018-04-11 04:29 /etc/sysconfig/ntpdate
-rw-r--r-- root/root        45 2018-04-11 04:29 /etc/sysconfig/ntpd
-rw-r--r-- root/root       673 2019-04-16 00:33 /etc/sysconfig/keepalived
-rw------- root/root       774 2015-03-06 09:33 /etc/sysconfig/ipvsadm-config
-rw-r--r-- root/root        98 2018-12-04 23:01 /etc/sysconfig/nginx
-rw-r--r-- root/root       148 2018-12-04 23:01 /etc/sysconfig/nginx-debug
-rw-r--r-- root/root       348 2018-10-30 23:00 /etc/sysconfig/htcacheclean
-rw-r--r-- root/root       802 2018-10-30 23:00 /etc/sysconfig/httpd

前面的-可以不加

[root@centos72 ~]# tar  -tvf   /app/sysconfig.tar.gz 
tar: Removing leading `/' from member names
drwxr-xr-x root/root         0 2019-05-02 14:46 /etc/sysconfig/
-rw------- root/root      2393 2018-11-05 01:03 /etc/sysconfig/ip6tables-config
-rw------- root/root      2374 2018-11-05 01:03 /etc/sysconfig/iptables-config
drwxr-xr-x root/root         0 2019-01-13 00:15 /etc/sysconfig/cbq/
-rw-r--r-- root/root        11 2018-04-11 16:08 /etc/sysconfig/cbq/avpkt
-rw-r--r-- root/root        79 2018-04-11 16:08 /etc/sysconfig/cbq/cbq-0000.example
-rw-r--r-- root/root        15 2017-08-04 16:01 /etc/sysconfig/rdisc
drwxr-xr-x root/root         0 2018-10-31 06:57 /etc/sysconfig/console/
-rw-r--r-- root/root       798 2018-10-31 06:57 /etc/sysconfig/init
drwxr-xr-x root/root         0 2018-10-31 06:57 /etc/sysconfig/modules/
-rw-r--r-- root/root       634 2018-10-31 06:57 /etc/sysconfig/netconsole
drwxr-xr-x root/root         0 2019-05-02 14:45 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
-rw-r--r-- root/root       254 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-lo
lrwxrwxrwx root/root         0 2019-05-02 14:45 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown -> ../../../usr/sbin/ifdown
-rwxr-xr-x root/root       654 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-bnep
-rwxr-xr-x root/root      6532 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-eth
-rwxr-xr-x root/root       781 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-ippp
-rwxr-xr-x root/root      4540 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-ipv6
lrwxrwxrwx root/root         0 2019-05-02 14:45 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-isdn -> ifdown-ippp
-rwxr-xr-x root/root      2130 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-post
-rwxr-xr-x root/root      1068 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-ppp
-rwxr-xr-x root/root       870 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-routes
-rwxr-xr-x root/root      1456 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-sit
-rwxr-xr-x root/root      1462 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-tunnel
lrwxrwxrwx root/root         0 2019-05-02 14:45 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup -> ../../../usr/sbin/ifup
-rwxr-xr-x root/root     12415 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-aliases
-rwxr-xr-x root/root       910 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-bnep
-rwxr-xr-x root/root     13475 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-eth
-rwxr-xr-x root/root     12075 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-ippp
-rwxr-xr-x root/root     11893 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-ipv6
lrwxrwxrwx root/root         0 2019-05-02 14:45 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-isdn -> ifup-ippp
-rwxr-xr-x root/root       650 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-plip
-rwxr-xr-x root/root      1064 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-plusb
-rwxr-xr-x root/root      4997 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-post
-rwxr-xr-x root/root      4154 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-ppp
-rwxr-xr-x root/root      2001 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-routes
-rwxr-xr-x root/root      3303 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-sit
-rwxr-xr-x root/root      2711 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-tunnel
-rwxr-xr-x root/root      1836 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-wireless
-rwxr-xr-x root/root      5419 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/init.ipv6-global
-rw-r--r-- root/root     20671 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/network-functions
-rw-r--r-- root/root     31027 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/network-functions-ipv6
-rwxr-xr-x root/root      1621 2017-03-18 01:41 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-Team
-rwxr-xr-x root/root      1556 2017-03-18 01:41 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-TeamPort
-rwxr-xr-x root/root      1755 2017-03-18 01:41 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-Team
-rwxr-xr-x root/root      1876 2017-03-18 01:41 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-TeamPort
-rw-r--r-- root/root       206 2019-04-15 17:16 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33
-rw-r--r-- root/root       210 2019-04-15 17:18 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens37
-rw-r--r-- root/root       905 2018-10-31 06:57 /etc/sysconfig/readonly-root
-rw------- root/root       110 2018-04-11 09:48 /etc/sysconfig/crond
-rw-r--r-- root/root         0 2014-06-10 06:14 /etc/sysconfig/run-parts
lrwxrwxrwx root/root         0 2019-01-13 00:16 /etc/sysconfig/selinux -> ../selinux/config
-rw-r--r-- root/root       610 2018-10-31 07:03 /etc/sysconfig/wpa_supplicant
-rw------- root/root      1390 2018-04-11 10:44 /etc/sysconfig/ebtables-config
lrwxrwxrwx root/root         0 2019-05-02 14:45 /etc/sysconfig/grub -> ../default/grub
-rw-r--r-- root/root       903 2018-04-11 04:31 /etc/sysconfig/irqbalance
-rw-r--r-- root/root       200 2018-10-30 22:55 /etc/sysconfig/man-db
-rw-r--r-- root/root       196 2018-10-30 22:49 /etc/sysconfig/rsyslog
-rw-r--r-- root/root        73 2018-10-31 06:46 /etc/sysconfig/firewalld
-rw-r--r-- root/root      1722 2018-11-05 01:10 /etc/sysconfig/kdump
-rw-r----- root/root       506 2018-04-11 12:21 /etc/sysconfig/sshd
-rw-r--r-- root/root       483 2019-01-13 00:21 /etc/sysconfig/authconfig
-rw-r--r-- root/root       150 2018-11-09 07:49 /etc/sysconfig/cpupower
-rw-r--r-- root/root       180 2019-01-13 00:21 /etc/sysconfig/kernel
-rw-r--r-- root/root        22 2019-05-02 14:45 /etc/sysconfig/network
-rw-r--r-- root/root       366 2019-01-13 00:22 /etc/sysconfig/anaconda
-rw-r--r-- root/root        46 2018-04-13 01:37 /etc/sysconfig/chronyd
-rw-r--r-- root/root       111 2018-04-11 04:29 /etc/sysconfig/ntpdate
-rw-r--r-- root/root        45 2018-04-11 04:29 /etc/sysconfig/ntpd
-rw-r--r-- root/root       673 2019-04-16 00:33 /etc/sysconfig/keepalived
-rw------- root/root       774 2015-03-06 09:33 /etc/sysconfig/ipvsadm-config
-rw-r--r-- root/root        98 2018-12-04 23:01 /etc/sysconfig/nginx
-rw-r--r-- root/root       148 2018-12-04 23:01 /etc/sysconfig/nginx-debug
-rw-r--r-- root/root       348 2018-10-30 23:00 /etc/sysconfig/htcacheclean
-rw-r--r-- root/root       802 2018-10-30 23:00 /etc/sysconfig/httpd
[root@centos72 ~]# tar  -tvf   /app/sysconfig.tar.gz 
tar: Removing leading `/' from member names
drwxr-xr-x root/root         0 2019-05-02 14:46 /etc/sysconfig/
-rw------- root/root      2393 2018-11-05 01:03 /etc/sysconfig/ip6tables-config
-rw------- root/root      2374 2018-11-05 01:03 /etc/sysconfig/iptables-config
drwxr-xr-x root/root         0 2019-01-13 00:15 /etc/sysconfig/cbq/
-rw-r--r-- root/root        11 2018-04-11 16:08 /etc/sysconfig/cbq/avpkt
-rw-r--r-- root/root        79 2018-04-11 16:08 /etc/sysconfig/cbq/cbq-0000.example
-rw-r--r-- root/root        15 2017-08-04 16:01 /etc/sysconfig/rdisc
drwxr-xr-x root/root         0 2018-10-31 06:57 /etc/sysconfig/console/
-rw-r--r-- root/root       798 2018-10-31 06:57 /etc/sysconfig/init
drwxr-xr-x root/root         0 2018-10-31 06:57 /etc/sysconfig/modules/
-rw-r--r-- root/root       634 2018-10-31 06:57 /etc/sysconfig/netconsole
drwxr-xr-x root/root         0 2019-05-02 14:45 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
-rw-r--r-- root/root       254 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-lo
lrwxrwxrwx root/root         0 2019-05-02 14:45 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown -> ../../../usr/sbin/ifdown
-rwxr-xr-x root/root       654 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-bnep
-rwxr-xr-x root/root      6532 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-eth
-rwxr-xr-x root/root       781 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-ippp
-rwxr-xr-x root/root      4540 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-ipv6
lrwxrwxrwx root/root         0 2019-05-02 14:45 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-isdn -> ifdown-ippp
-rwxr-xr-x root/root      2130 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-post
-rwxr-xr-x root/root      1068 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-ppp
-rwxr-xr-x root/root       870 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-routes
-rwxr-xr-x root/root      1456 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-sit
-rwxr-xr-x root/root      1462 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-tunnel
lrwxrwxrwx root/root         0 2019-05-02 14:45 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup -> ../../../usr/sbin/ifup
-rwxr-xr-x root/root     12415 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-aliases
-rwxr-xr-x root/root       910 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-bnep
-rwxr-xr-x root/root     13475 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-eth
-rwxr-xr-x root/root     12075 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-ippp
-rwxr-xr-x root/root     11893 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-ipv6
lrwxrwxrwx root/root         0 2019-05-02 14:45 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-isdn -> ifup-ippp
-rwxr-xr-x root/root       650 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-plip
-rwxr-xr-x root/root      1064 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-plusb
-rwxr-xr-x root/root      4997 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-post
-rwxr-xr-x root/root      4154 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-ppp
-rwxr-xr-x root/root      2001 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-routes
-rwxr-xr-x root/root      3303 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-sit
-rwxr-xr-x root/root      2711 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-tunnel
-rwxr-xr-x root/root      1836 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-wireless
-rwxr-xr-x root/root      5419 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/init.ipv6-global
-rw-r--r-- root/root     20671 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/network-functions
-rw-r--r-- root/root     31027 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/network-functions-ipv6
-rwxr-xr-x root/root      1621 2017-03-18 01:41 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-Team
-rwxr-xr-x root/root      1556 2017-03-18 01:41 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-TeamPort
-rwxr-xr-x root/root      1755 2017-03-18 01:41 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-Team
-rwxr-xr-x root/root      1876 2017-03-18 01:41 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-TeamPort
-rw-r--r-- root/root       206 2019-04-15 17:16 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33
-rw-r--r-- root/root       210 2019-04-15 17:18 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens37
-rw-r--r-- root/root       905 2018-10-31 06:57 /etc/sysconfig/readonly-root
-rw------- root/root       110 2018-04-11 09:48 /etc/sysconfig/crond
-rw-r--r-- root/root         0 2014-06-10 06:14 /etc/sysconfig/run-parts
lrwxrwxrwx root/root         0 2019-01-13 00:16 /etc/sysconfig/selinux -> ../selinux/config
-rw-r--r-- root/root       610 2018-10-31 07:03 /etc/sysconfig/wpa_supplicant
-rw------- root/root      1390 2018-04-11 10:44 /etc/sysconfig/ebtables-config
lrwxrwxrwx root/root         0 2019-05-02 14:45 /etc/sysconfig/grub -> ../default/grub
-rw-r--r-- root/root       903 2018-04-11 04:31 /etc/sysconfig/irqbalance
-rw-r--r-- root/root       200 2018-10-30 22:55 /etc/sysconfig/man-db
-rw-r--r-- root/root       196 2018-10-30 22:49 /etc/sysconfig/rsyslog
-rw-r--r-- root/root        73 2018-10-31 06:46 /etc/sysconfig/firewalld
-rw-r--r-- root/root      1722 2018-11-05 01:10 /etc/sysconfig/kdump
-rw-r----- root/root       506 2018-04-11 12:21 /etc/sysconfig/sshd
-rw-r--r-- root/root       483 2019-01-13 00:21 /etc/sysconfig/authconfig
-rw-r--r-- root/root       150 2018-11-09 07:49 /etc/sysconfig/cpupower
-rw-r--r-- root/root       180 2019-01-13 00:21 /etc/sysconfig/kernel
-rw-r--r-- root/root        22 2019-05-02 14:45 /etc/sysconfig/network
-rw-r--r-- root/root       366 2019-01-13 00:22 /etc/sysconfig/anaconda
-rw-r--r-- root/root        46 2018-04-13 01:37 /etc/sysconfig/chronyd
-rw-r--r-- root/root       111 2018-04-11 04:29 /etc/sysconfig/ntpdate
-rw-r--r-- root/root        45 2018-04-11 04:29 /etc/sysconfig/ntpd
-rw-r--r-- root/root       673 2019-04-16 00:33 /etc/sysconfig/keepalived
-rw------- root/root       774 2015-03-06 09:33 /etc/sysconfig/ipvsadm-config
-rw-r--r-- root/root        98 2018-12-04 23:01 /etc/sysconfig/nginx
-rw-r--r-- root/root       148 2018-12-04 23:01 /etc/sysconfig/nginx-debug
-rw-r--r-- root/root       348 2018-10-30 23:00 /etc/sysconfig/htcacheclean
-rw-r--r-- root/root       802 2018-10-30 23:00 /etc/sysconfig/httpd

（四）对文件进行解压缩

展开归档

tar -x -f   /PATH/TO/SOMEFILE.tar 解压到当前目录

tar -x -f    /PATH/TO/SOMEFILE.tar   -C /PATH/  解压到特定的目录

[root@centos72 ~]# tar  xvf  /app/sysconfig.tar.gz   -C /app/

[root@centos72 ~]# ls  /app -lth
total 4.2M
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root   23 May  3 10:59 etc
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  46K May  3 10:32 sysconfig.tar.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  38K May  3 10:32 sysconfig.tar.xz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  38K May  3 10:31 sysconfig.tar.bz2
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 230K May  3 10:10 sysconfig.tar
----rwx--- 1 root root   15 May  2 23:42 aa.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 814K May  2 23:37 messages
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 106K May  2 23:28 messages.zip
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  79K May  2 23:24 sysconfig.zip
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 813K May  2 23:00 m1
-rw------- 1 root root 104K May  2 22:59 m.gz.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 813K May  2 22:46 mmm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 813K May  2 17:58 mm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  49K May  2 17:58 mm.bz2
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 194K May  2 17:55 m.z
-rw------- 1 root root 104K May  2 17:31 m.gz

解压缩文件大小和原目录里面的文件大小是一样的，说明解压缩成功了

[root@centos72 ~]#  du -sh   /etc/sysconfig/
368K    /etc/sysconfig/
[root@centos72 ~]#  du -sh   /app/etc/sysconfig/
368K    /app/etc/sysconfig/

[root@centos72 ~]# ll /etc/sysconfig/  -d
drwxr-xr-x. 6 root root 4096 May  2 14:46 /etc/sysconfig/
[root@centos72 ~]# ll /app/etc/sysconfig/   -d
drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4096 May  2 14:46 /app/etc/sysconfig/

-T选项指定输入文件,-X选项指定包含要排除的文件列表

创建文件并且添加要压缩的文件

[root@centos72 ~]# cat  filelist.txt
/etc/issue
/etc/passwd
/etc/services
/root/anaconda-ks.cfg

如果文件名很长可以在文件里面输入:r!ls ，文件的路径就会自动补齐

:r!ls  /root/anaconda-ks.cfg，按回车键就会把文件的完整路径输入到光标指定的地方

读取文件里面的文件列表，并且进行压缩

[root@centos72 ~]# tar  -T   filelist.txt   -Jcvf     /app/fl.xz
tar: Removing leading `/' from member names
/etc/issue
/etc/passwd
/etc/services
/root/anaconda-ks.cfg
[root@centos72 ~]# ls  /app
aa.txt  fl.xz  messages      m.gz      mm      mmm  sysconfig.tar      sysconfig.tar.gz  sysconfig.zip
etc     m1     messages.zip  m.gz.txt  mm.bz2  m.z  sysconfig.tar.bz2  sysconfig.tar.xz
[root@centos72 ~]# ls  /app/fl.xz 
/app/fl.xz
[root@centos72 ~]# ls  /app/fl.xz  -l
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 101048 May  3 11:21 /app/fl.xz
[root@centos72 ~]# ls  /app/fl.xz  -lh
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 99K May  3 11:21 /app/fl.xz

tar: Removing leading `/' from member names表示把文件最前面的/删除了

预览的时候可看到，这样做的好处是解压的时候文件是相对路径，不会覆盖原来的文件

[root@centos72 ~]# tar  tvf  /app/fl.xz 
-rw-r--r-- root/root        23 2018-11-23 21:16 etc/issue
-rw-r--r-- root/root      1161 2019-05-02 14:05 etc/passwd
-rw-r--r-- root/root    670293 2013-06-07 22:31 etc/services
-rw------- root/root      1592 2019-01-13 00:22 root/anaconda-ks.cfg

分割大的 tar 文件为多份小文件：
split –b Size –d tar-file-name prefix-name
split -b 1M –d mybackup.tgz mybackup-parts
split -b 1M mybackup.tgz mybackup-parts

有些网站对文件大小有限制，那么就要先把文件切割成小份再上传

对系统目录进行打包压缩，并且切分成4M一个的文件

[root@centos72 ~]# tar  cf  /app/etc.tar  /etc/
tar: Removing leading `/' from member names
[root@centos72 ~]# ls  /app/etc.tar  -lh
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 32M May  3 11:31 /app/etc.tar

[root@centos72 ~]# split   -b   4M  /app/etc.tar    /app/etc
[root@centos72 ~]# ls /app  -lt
total 69492
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  3981312 May  3 11:34 etcah
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  4194304 May  3 11:34 etcag
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  4194304 May  3 11:34 etcaf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  4194304 May  3 11:34 etcae
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  4194304 May  3 11:34 etcad
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  4194304 May  3 11:34 etcac
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  4194304 May  3 11:34 etcab
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  4194304 May  3 11:34 etcaa
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 33341440 May  3 11:31 etc.tar
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   101048 May  3 11:21 fl.xz
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root       23 May  3 10:59 etc
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    46994 May  3 10:32 sysconfig.tar.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    37992 May  3 10:32 sysconfig.tar.xz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    38109 May  3 10:31 sysconfig.tar.bz2
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   235520 May  3 10:10 sysconfig.tar
----rwx--- 1 root root       15 May  2 23:42 aa.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   832545 May  2 23:37 messages
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   108052 May  2 23:28 messages.zip
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    80145 May  2 23:24 sysconfig.zip
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   831851 May  2 23:00 m1
-rw------- 1 root root   106019 May  2 22:59 m.gz.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   831851 May  2 22:46 mmm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   831851 May  2 17:58 mm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    49513 May  2 17:58 mm.bz2
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   197701 May  2 17:55 m.z
-rw------- 1 root root   106019 May  2 17:31 m.gz

[root@centos72 ~]# ls /app  -lth
total 68M
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3.8M May  3 11:34 etcah
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4.0M May  3 11:34 etcag
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4.0M May  3 11:34 etcaf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4.0M May  3 11:34 etcae
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4.0M May  3 11:34 etcad
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4.0M May  3 11:34 etcac
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4.0M May  3 11:34 etcab
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4.0M May  3 11:34 etcaa
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  32M May  3 11:31 etc.tar
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  99K May  3 11:21 fl.xz
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root   23 May  3 10:59 etc
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  46K May  3 10:32 sysconfig.tar.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  38K May  3 10:32 sysconfig.tar.xz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  38K May  3 10:31 sysconfig.tar.bz2
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 230K May  3 10:10 sysconfig.tar
----rwx--- 1 root root   15 May  2 23:42 aa.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 814K May  2 23:37 messages
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 106K May  2 23:28 messages.zip
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  79K May  2 23:24 sysconfig.zip
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 813K May  2 23:00 m1
-rw------- 1 root root 104K May  2 22:59 m.gz.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 813K May  2 22:46 mmm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 813K May  2 17:58 mm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  49K May  2 17:58 mm.bz2
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 194K May  2 17:55 m.z
-rw------- 1 root root 104K May  2 17:31 m.gz

把文件还原为原始文件，也就是对文件进行合并

把文件读取出来并且重定向到一个文件里面即可

[root@centos72 ~]# cat  /app/etca*  >  /app/etc2
[root@centos72 ~]# ls /app  -lth
total 100M
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  32M May  3 11:40 etc2
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3.8M May  3 11:34 etcah
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4.0M May  3 11:34 etcag
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4.0M May  3 11:34 etcaf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4.0M May  3 11:34 etcae
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4.0M May  3 11:34 etcad
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4.0M May  3 11:34 etcac
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4.0M May  3 11:34 etcab
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4.0M May  3 11:34 etcaa
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  32M May  3 11:31 etc.tar
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  99K May  3 11:21 fl.xz
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root   23 May  3 10:59 etc
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  46K May  3 10:32 sysconfig.tar.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  38K May  3 10:32 sysconfig.tar.xz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  38K May  3 10:31 sysconfig.tar.bz2
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 230K May  3 10:10 sysconfig.tar
----rwx--- 1 root root   15 May  2 23:42 aa.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 814K May  2 23:37 messages
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 106K May  2 23:28 messages.zip
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  79K May  2 23:24 sysconfig.zip
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 813K May  2 23:00 m1
-rw------- 1 root root 104K May  2 22:59 m.gz.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 813K May  2 22:46 mmm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 813K May  2 17:58 mm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  49K May  2 17:58 mm.bz2
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 194K May  2 17:55 m.z
-rw------- 1 root root 104K May  2 17:31 m.gz

以数字方式区分不同的文件

[root@centos72 ~]# split   -d  -b   4M  /app/etc.tar    /app/etc
[root@centos72 ~]# ls /app  -lth
total 132M
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3.8M May  3 11:42 etc07
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4.0M May  3 11:42 etc06
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4.0M May  3 11:42 etc05
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4.0M May  3 11:42 etc04
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4.0M May  3 11:42 etc03
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4.0M May  3 11:42 etc02
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4.0M May  3 11:42 etc01
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4.0M May  3 11:42 etc00
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  32M May  3 11:40 etc2
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3.8M May  3 11:34 etcah
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4.0M May  3 11:34 etcag
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4.0M May  3 11:34 etcaf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4.0M May  3 11:34 etcae
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4.0M May  3 11:34 etcad
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4.0M May  3 11:34 etcac
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4.0M May  3 11:34 etcab
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4.0M May  3 11:34 etcaa
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  32M May  3 11:31 etc.tar
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  99K May  3 11:21 fl.xz
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root   23 May  3 10:59 etc
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  46K May  3 10:32 sysconfig.tar.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  38K May  3 10:32 sysconfig.tar.xz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  38K May  3 10:31 sysconfig.tar.bz2
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 230K May  3 10:10 sysconfig.tar
----rwx--- 1 root root   15 May  2 23:42 aa.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 814K May  2 23:37 messages
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 106K May  2 23:28 messages.zip
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  79K May  2 23:24 sysconfig.zip
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 813K May  2 23:00 m1
-rw------- 1 root root 104K May  2 22:59 m.gz.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 813K May  2 22:46 mmm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 813K May  2 17:58 mm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  49K May  2 17:58 mm.bz2
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 194K May  2 17:55 m.z
-rw------- 1 root root 104K May  2 17:31 m.gz