Linux文件归档工具——cpio

一cpio的介绍

功能：复制文件从或到归档

cpio命令是通过重定向的方式将文件进行打包备份，还原恢复的工具，它可以解压以“.cpio”或者“.tar”结尾的文件。

cpio [选项] > 文件名或者设备名

cpio [选项] < 文件名或者设备名

选项
-o 将文件拷贝打包成文件或者将文件输出到设备上
-i 解包，将打包文件解压或将设备上的备份还原到系统
-t 预览，查看文件内容或者输出到设备上的文件内容
-v 显示打包过程中的文件名称。
-d 解包生成目录，在cpio还原时，自动的建立目录
-c 一种较新的存储方式

二cpio的使用

（一）-o 将文件拷贝打包成文件或者将文件输出到设备上

将etc目录备份：

[root@centos72 ~]# ls  /app/etc/  -ld
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 23 May  3 10:59 /app/etc/
[root@centos72 ~]# find  /app/etc/
/app/etc/
/app/etc/sysconfig
/app/etc/sysconfig/ip6tables-config
/app/etc/sysconfig/iptables-config
/app/etc/sysconfig/cbq
/app/etc/sysconfig/cbq/avpkt
/app/etc/sysconfig/cbq/cbq-0000.example
/app/etc/sysconfig/rdisc
/app/etc/sysconfig/console
/app/etc/sysconfig/init
/app/etc/sysconfig/modules
/app/etc/sysconfig/netconsole
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-lo
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-bnep
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-eth
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-ippp
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-ipv6
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-isdn
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-post
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-ppp
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-routes
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-sit
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-tunnel
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-aliases
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-bnep
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-eth
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-ippp
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-ipv6
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-isdn
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-plip
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-plusb
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-post
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-ppp
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-routes
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-sit
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-tunnel
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-wireless
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/init.ipv6-global
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/network-functions
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/network-functions-ipv6
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-Team
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-TeamPort
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-Team
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-TeamPort
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens37
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown
/app/etc/sysconfig/readonly-root
/app/etc/sysconfig/crond
/app/etc/sysconfig/run-parts
/app/etc/sysconfig/wpa_supplicant
/app/etc/sysconfig/ebtables-config
/app/etc/sysconfig/irqbalance
/app/etc/sysconfig/man-db
/app/etc/sysconfig/rsyslog
/app/etc/sysconfig/firewalld
/app/etc/sysconfig/kdump
/app/etc/sysconfig/sshd
/app/etc/sysconfig/authconfig
/app/etc/sysconfig/cpupower
/app/etc/sysconfig/kernel
/app/etc/sysconfig/network
/app/etc/sysconfig/anaconda
/app/etc/sysconfig/chronyd
/app/etc/sysconfig/ntpdate
/app/etc/sysconfig/ntpd
/app/etc/sysconfig/keepalived
/app/etc/sysconfig/ipvsadm-config
/app/etc/sysconfig/nginx
/app/etc/sysconfig/nginx-debug
/app/etc/sysconfig/htcacheclean
/app/etc/sysconfig/httpd
/app/etc/sysconfig/grub
/app/etc/sysconfig/selinux

通过管道传输给cpio，并且把文件重定向到一个文件里面

[root@centos72 ~]# find  /app/etc/  |  cpio   -ov   >  /app/etc.cpio
/app/etc/
/app/etc/sysconfig
/app/etc/sysconfig/ip6tables-config
/app/etc/sysconfig/iptables-config
/app/etc/sysconfig/cbq
/app/etc/sysconfig/cbq/avpkt
/app/etc/sysconfig/cbq/cbq-0000.example
/app/etc/sysconfig/rdisc
/app/etc/sysconfig/console
/app/etc/sysconfig/init
/app/etc/sysconfig/modules
/app/etc/sysconfig/netconsole
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-lo
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-bnep
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-eth
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-ippp
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-ipv6
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-isdn
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-post
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-ppp
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-routes
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-sit
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-tunnel
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-aliases
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-bnep
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-eth
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-ippp
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-ipv6
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-isdn
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-plip
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-plusb
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-post
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-ppp
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-routes
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-sit
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-tunnel
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-wireless
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/init.ipv6-global
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/network-functions
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/network-functions-ipv6
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-Team
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-TeamPort
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-Team
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-TeamPort
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens37
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown
/app/etc/sysconfig/readonly-root
/app/etc/sysconfig/crond
/app/etc/sysconfig/run-parts
/app/etc/sysconfig/wpa_supplicant
/app/etc/sysconfig/ebtables-config
/app/etc/sysconfig/irqbalance
/app/etc/sysconfig/man-db
/app/etc/sysconfig/rsyslog
/app/etc/sysconfig/firewalld
/app/etc/sysconfig/kdump
/app/etc/sysconfig/sshd
/app/etc/sysconfig/authconfig
/app/etc/sysconfig/cpupower
/app/etc/sysconfig/kernel
/app/etc/sysconfig/network
/app/etc/sysconfig/anaconda
/app/etc/sysconfig/chronyd
/app/etc/sysconfig/ntpdate
/app/etc/sysconfig/ntpd
/app/etc/sysconfig/keepalived
/app/etc/sysconfig/ipvsadm-config
/app/etc/sysconfig/nginx
/app/etc/sysconfig/nginx-debug
/app/etc/sysconfig/htcacheclean
/app/etc/sysconfig/httpd
/app/etc/sysconfig/grub
/app/etc/sysconfig/selinux
348 blocks

对比文件的大小

[root@centos72 ~]# ls  /app/etc.cpio 
/app/etc.cpio
[root@centos72 ~]# ls  /app/etc.cpio  -lh
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 174K May  3 11:51 /app/etc.cpio
[root@centos72 ~]# du  -sh  /app/etc
368K    /app/etc
[root@centos72 ~]# du  -sh  /app/etc/
368K    /app/etc/

[root@centos72 ~]# du  -sh  /app/etc/sysconfig/
368K    /app/etc/sysconfig/
[root@centos72 ~]# du  -sh  /app/etc/sysconfig
368K    /app/etc/sysconfig
[root@centos72 ~]# tree  /app/etc
/app/etc
└── sysconfig
    ├── anaconda
    ├── authconfig
    ├── cbq
    │   ├── avpkt
    │   └── cbq-0000.example
    ├── chronyd
    ├── console
    ├── cpupower
    ├── crond
    ├── ebtables-config
    ├── firewalld
    ├── grub -> ../default/grub
    ├── htcacheclean
    ├── httpd
    ├── init
    ├── ip6tables-config
    ├── iptables-config
    ├── ipvsadm-config
    ├── irqbalance
    ├── kdump
    ├── keepalived
    ├── kernel
    ├── man-db
    ├── modules
    ├── netconsole
    ├── network
    ├── network-scripts
    │   ├── ifcfg-ens33
    │   ├── ifcfg-ens37
    │   ├── ifcfg-lo
    │   ├── ifdown -> ../../../usr/sbin/ifdown
    │   ├── ifdown-bnep
    │   ├── ifdown-eth
    │   ├── ifdown-ippp
    │   ├── ifdown-ipv6
    │   ├── ifdown-isdn -> ifdown-ippp
    │   ├── ifdown-post
    │   ├── ifdown-ppp
    │   ├── ifdown-routes
    │   ├── ifdown-sit
    │   ├── ifdown-Team
    │   ├── ifdown-TeamPort
    │   ├── ifdown-tunnel
    │   ├── ifup -> ../../../usr/sbin/ifup
    │   ├── ifup-aliases
    │   ├── ifup-bnep
    │   ├── ifup-eth
    │   ├── ifup-ippp
    │   ├── ifup-ipv6
    │   ├── ifup-isdn -> ifup-ippp
    │   ├── ifup-plip
    │   ├── ifup-plusb
    │   ├── ifup-post
    │   ├── ifup-ppp
    │   ├── ifup-routes
    │   ├── ifup-sit
    │   ├── ifup-Team
    │   ├── ifup-TeamPort
    │   ├── ifup-tunnel
    │   ├── ifup-wireless
    │   ├── init.ipv6-global
    │   ├── network-functions
    │   └── network-functions-ipv6
    ├── nginx
    ├── nginx-debug
    ├── ntpd
    ├── ntpdate
    ├── rdisc
    ├── readonly-root
    ├── rsyslog
    ├── run-parts
    ├── selinux -> ../selinux/config
    ├── sshd
    └── wpa_supplicant

5 directories, 70 files

（二）内容预览

-t 预览，查看文件内容或者输出到设备上的文件内容

[root@centos72 ~]# cpio   -tv    <  /app/etc.cpio
drwxr-xr-x   3 root     root            0 May  3 10:59 /app/etc/
drwxr-xr-x   6 root     root            0 May  2 14:46 /app/etc/sysconfig
-rw-------   1 root     root         2393 Nov  5 01:03 /app/etc/sysconfig/ip6tables-config
-rw-------   1 root     root         2374 Nov  5 01:03 /app/etc/sysconfig/iptables-config
drwxr-xr-x   2 root     root            0 Jan 13 00:15 /app/etc/sysconfig/cbq
-rw-r--r--   1 root     root           11 Apr 11  2018 /app/etc/sysconfig/cbq/avpkt
-rw-r--r--   1 root     root           79 Apr 11  2018 /app/etc/sysconfig/cbq/cbq-0000.example
-rw-r--r--   1 root     root           15 Aug  4  2017 /app/etc/sysconfig/rdisc
drwxr-xr-x   2 root     root            0 Oct 31  2018 /app/etc/sysconfig/console
-rw-r--r--   1 root     root          798 Oct 31  2018 /app/etc/sysconfig/init
drwxr-xr-x   2 root     root            0 Oct 31  2018 /app/etc/sysconfig/modules
-rw-r--r--   1 root     root          634 Oct 31  2018 /app/etc/sysconfig/netconsole
drwxr-xr-x   2 root     root            0 May  2 14:45 /app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts
-rw-r--r--   1 root     root          254 Aug 24  2018 /app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-lo
-rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root          654 Aug 24  2018 /app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-bnep
-rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root         6532 Aug 24  2018 /app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-eth
-rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root          781 Aug 24  2018 /app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-ippp
-rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root         4540 Aug 24  2018 /app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-ipv6
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root     root           11 May  2 14:45 /app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-isdn -> ifdown-ippp
-rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root         2130 Aug 24  2018 /app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-post
-rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root         1068 Aug 24  2018 /app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-ppp
-rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root          870 Aug 24  2018 /app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-routes
-rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root         1456 Aug 24  2018 /app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-sit
-rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root         1462 Aug 24  2018 /app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-tunnel
-rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root        12415 Aug 24  2018 /app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-aliases
-rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root          910 Aug 24  2018 /app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-bnep
-rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root        13475 Aug 24  2018 /app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-eth
-rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root        12075 Aug 24  2018 /app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-ippp
-rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root        11893 Aug 24  2018 /app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-ipv6
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root     root            9 May  2 14:45 /app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-isdn -> ifup-ippp
-rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root          650 Aug 24  2018 /app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-plip
-rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root         1064 Aug 24  2018 /app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-plusb
-rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root         4997 Aug 24  2018 /app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-post
-rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root         4154 Aug 24  2018 /app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-ppp
-rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root         2001 Aug 24  2018 /app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-routes
-rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root         3303 Aug 24  2018 /app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-sit
-rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root         2711 Aug 24  2018 /app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-tunnel
-rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root         1836 Aug 24  2018 /app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-wireless
-rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root         5419 Aug 24  2018 /app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/init.ipv6-global
-rw-r--r--   1 root     root        20671 Aug 24  2018 /app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/network-functions
-rw-r--r--   1 root     root        31027 Aug 24  2018 /app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/network-functions-ipv6
-rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root         1621 Mar 18  2017 /app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-Team
-rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root         1556 Mar 18  2017 /app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-TeamPort
-rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root         1755 Mar 18  2017 /app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-Team
-rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root         1876 Mar 18  2017 /app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-TeamPort
-rw-r--r--   1 root     root          206 Apr 15 17:16 /app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33
-rw-r--r--   1 root     root          210 Apr 15 17:18 /app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens37
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root     root           22 May  2 14:45 /app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup -> ../../../usr/sbin/ifup
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root     root           24 May  2 14:45 /app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown -> ../../../usr/sbin/ifdown
-rw-r--r--   1 root     root          905 Oct 31  2018 /app/etc/sysconfig/readonly-root
-rw-------   1 root     root          110 Apr 11  2018 /app/etc/sysconfig/crond
-rw-r--r--   1 root     root            0 Jun 10  2014 /app/etc/sysconfig/run-parts
-rw-r--r--   1 root     root          610 Oct 31  2018 /app/etc/sysconfig/wpa_supplicant
-rw-------   1 root     root         1390 Apr 11  2018 /app/etc/sysconfig/ebtables-config
-rw-r--r--   1 root     root          903 Apr 11  2018 /app/etc/sysconfig/irqbalance
-rw-r--r--   1 root     root          200 Oct 30  2018 /app/etc/sysconfig/man-db
-rw-r--r--   1 root     root          196 Oct 30  2018 /app/etc/sysconfig/rsyslog
-rw-r--r--   1 root     root           73 Oct 31  2018 /app/etc/sysconfig/firewalld
-rw-r--r--   1 root     root         1722 Nov  5 01:10 /app/etc/sysconfig/kdump
-rw-r-----   1 root     root          506 Apr 11  2018 /app/etc/sysconfig/sshd
-rw-r--r--   1 root     root          483 Jan 13 00:21 /app/etc/sysconfig/authconfig
-rw-r--r--   1 root     root          150 Nov  9 07:49 /app/etc/sysconfig/cpupower
-rw-r--r--   1 root     root          180 Jan 13 00:21 /app/etc/sysconfig/kernel
-rw-r--r--   1 root     root           22 May  2 14:45 /app/etc/sysconfig/network
-rw-r--r--   1 root     root          366 Jan 13 00:22 /app/etc/sysconfig/anaconda
-rw-r--r--   1 root     root           46 Apr 13  2018 /app/etc/sysconfig/chronyd
-rw-r--r--   1 root     root          111 Apr 11  2018 /app/etc/sysconfig/ntpdate
-rw-r--r--   1 root     root           45 Apr 11  2018 /app/etc/sysconfig/ntpd
-rw-r--r--   1 root     root          673 Apr 16 00:33 /app/etc/sysconfig/keepalived
-rw-------   1 root     root          774 Mar  6  2015 /app/etc/sysconfig/ipvsadm-config
-rw-r--r--   1 root     root           98 Dec  4 23:01 /app/etc/sysconfig/nginx
-rw-r--r--   1 root     root          148 Dec  4 23:01 /app/etc/sysconfig/nginx-debug
-rw-r--r--   1 root     root          348 Oct 30  2018 /app/etc/sysconfig/htcacheclean
-rw-r--r--   1 root     root          802 Oct 30  2018 /app/etc/sysconfig/httpd
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root     root           15 May  2 14:45 /app/etc/sysconfig/grub -> ../default/grub
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root     root           17 Jan 13 00:16 /app/etc/sysconfig/selinux -> ../selinux/config
348 blocks

（三）解包文件

-v 显示打包过程中的文件名称。

-d 解包生成目录，在cpio还原时，自动的建立目录

cpio –idv < etc.cpio

[root@centos72 ~]# cpio -idv < /app/etc.cpio
/app/etc
/app/etc/sysconfig
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/ip6tables-config not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/ip6tables-config
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/iptables-config not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/iptables-config
/app/etc/sysconfig/cbq
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/cbq/avpkt not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/cbq/avpkt
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/cbq/cbq-0000.example not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/cbq/cbq-0000.example
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/rdisc not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/rdisc
/app/etc/sysconfig/console
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/init not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/init
/app/etc/sysconfig/modules
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/netconsole not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/netconsole
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-lo not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-lo
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-bnep not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-bnep
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-eth not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-eth
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-ippp not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-ippp
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-ipv6 not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-ipv6
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-isdn not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-isdn
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-post not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-post
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-ppp not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-ppp
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-routes not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-routes
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-sit not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-sit
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-tunnel not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-tunnel
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-aliases not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-aliases
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-bnep not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-bnep
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-eth not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-eth
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-ippp not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-ippp
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-ipv6 not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-ipv6
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-isdn not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-isdn
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-plip not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-plip
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-plusb not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-plusb
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-post not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-post
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-ppp not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-ppp
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-routes not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-routes
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-sit not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-sit
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-tunnel not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-tunnel
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-wireless not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-wireless
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/init.ipv6-global not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/init.ipv6-global
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/network-functions not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/network-functions
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/network-functions-ipv6 not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/network-functions-ipv6
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-Team not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-Team
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-TeamPort not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-TeamPort
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-Team not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-Team
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-TeamPort not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-TeamPort
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33 not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens37 not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens37
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/readonly-root not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/readonly-root
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/crond not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/crond
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/run-parts not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/run-parts
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/wpa_supplicant not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/wpa_supplicant
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/ebtables-config not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/ebtables-config
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/irqbalance not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/irqbalance
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/man-db not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/man-db
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/rsyslog not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/rsyslog
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/firewalld not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/firewalld
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/kdump not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/kdump
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/sshd not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/sshd
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/authconfig not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/authconfig
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/cpupower not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/cpupower
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/kernel not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/kernel
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/network not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/network
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/anaconda not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/anaconda
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/chronyd not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/chronyd
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/ntpdate not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/ntpdate
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/ntpd not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/ntpd
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/keepalived not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/keepalived
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/ipvsadm-config not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/ipvsadm-config
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/nginx not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/nginx
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/nginx-debug not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/nginx-debug
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/htcacheclean not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/htcacheclean
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/httpd not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/httpd
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/grub not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/grub
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/selinux not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/selinux
348 blocks
[root@centos72 ~]# cpio -idv < /app/etc.cpio^C
[root@centos72 ~]# ll /app/etc.cpio 
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 178176 May  3 11:51 /app/etc.cpio
[root@centos72 ~]# cd /app
[root@centos72 app]# cpio -idv < /app/etc.cpio
/app/etc
/app/etc/sysconfig
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/ip6tables-config not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/ip6tables-config
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/iptables-config not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/iptables-config
/app/etc/sysconfig/cbq
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/cbq/avpkt not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/cbq/avpkt
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/cbq/cbq-0000.example not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/cbq/cbq-0000.example
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/rdisc not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/rdisc
/app/etc/sysconfig/console
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/init not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/init
/app/etc/sysconfig/modules
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/netconsole not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/netconsole
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-lo not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-lo
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-bnep not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-bnep
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-eth not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-eth
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-ippp not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-ippp
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-ipv6 not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-ipv6
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-isdn not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-isdn
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-post not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-post
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-ppp not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-ppp
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-routes not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-routes
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-sit not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-sit
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-tunnel not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-tunnel
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-aliases not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-aliases
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-bnep not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-bnep
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-eth not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-eth
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-ippp not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-ippp
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-ipv6 not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-ipv6
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-isdn not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-isdn
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-plip not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-plip
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-plusb not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-plusb
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-post not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-post
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-ppp not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-ppp
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-routes not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-routes
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-sit not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-sit
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-tunnel not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-tunnel
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-wireless not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-wireless
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/init.ipv6-global not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/init.ipv6-global
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/network-functions not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/network-functions
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/network-functions-ipv6 not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/network-functions-ipv6
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-Team not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-Team
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-TeamPort not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-TeamPort
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-Team not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-Team
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-TeamPort not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-TeamPort
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33 not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens37 not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens37
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/readonly-root not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/readonly-root
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/crond not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/crond
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/run-parts not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/run-parts
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/wpa_supplicant not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/wpa_supplicant
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/ebtables-config not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/ebtables-config
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/irqbalance not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/irqbalance
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/man-db not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/man-db
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/rsyslog not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/rsyslog
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/firewalld not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/firewalld
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/kdump not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/kdump
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/sshd not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/sshd
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/authconfig not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/authconfig
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/cpupower not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/cpupower
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/kernel not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/kernel
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/network not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/network
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/anaconda not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/anaconda
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/chronyd not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/chronyd
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/ntpdate not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/ntpdate
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/ntpd not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/ntpd
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/keepalived not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/keepalived
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/ipvsadm-config not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/ipvsadm-config
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/nginx not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/nginx
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/nginx-debug not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/nginx-debug
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/htcacheclean not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/htcacheclean
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/httpd not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/httpd
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/grub not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/grub
cpio: /app/etc/sysconfig/selinux not created: newer or same age version exists
/app/etc/sysconfig/selinux
348 blocks

上面于报错，重新将etc目录备份

进入到app目录里面

[root@centos72 ~]# cd  /app
[root@centos72 app]# ll  -d  /etc/
drwxr-xr-x. 79 root root 8192 May  2 14:56 /etc/
[root@centos72 app]# du  -sh  etc
368K    etc

[root@centos72 app]# find ./etc 
./etc
./etc/sysconfig
./etc/sysconfig/ip6tables-config
./etc/sysconfig/iptables-config
./etc/sysconfig/cbq
./etc/sysconfig/cbq/avpkt
./etc/sysconfig/cbq/cbq-0000.example
./etc/sysconfig/rdisc
./etc/sysconfig/console
./etc/sysconfig/init
./etc/sysconfig/modules
./etc/sysconfig/netconsole
./etc/sysconfig/network-scripts
./etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-lo
./etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-bnep
./etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-eth
./etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-ippp
./etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-ipv6
./etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-isdn
./etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-post
./etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-ppp
./etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-routes
./etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-sit
./etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-tunnel
./etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-aliases
./etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-bnep
./etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-eth
./etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-ippp
./etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-ipv6
./etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-isdn
./etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-plip
./etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-plusb
./etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-post
./etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-ppp
./etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-routes
./etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-sit
./etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-tunnel
./etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-wireless
./etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/init.ipv6-global
./etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/network-functions
./etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/network-functions-ipv6
./etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-Team
./etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-TeamPort
./etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-Team
./etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-TeamPort
./etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33
./etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens37
./etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup
./etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown
./etc/sysconfig/readonly-root
./etc/sysconfig/crond
./etc/sysconfig/run-parts
./etc/sysconfig/wpa_supplicant
./etc/sysconfig/ebtables-config
./etc/sysconfig/irqbalance
./etc/sysconfig/man-db
./etc/sysconfig/rsyslog
./etc/sysconfig/firewalld
./etc/sysconfig/kdump
./etc/sysconfig/sshd
./etc/sysconfig/authconfig
./etc/sysconfig/cpupower
./etc/sysconfig/kernel
./etc/sysconfig/network
./etc/sysconfig/anaconda
./etc/sysconfig/chronyd
./etc/sysconfig/ntpdate
./etc/sysconfig/ntpd
./etc/sysconfig/keepalived
./etc/sysconfig/ipvsadm-config
./etc/sysconfig/nginx
./etc/sysconfig/nginx-debug
./etc/sysconfig/htcacheclean
./etc/sysconfig/httpd
./etc/sysconfig/grub
./etc/sysconfig/selinux

 把当前的文件重定向到其他目录里面

[root@centos72 app]# find   ./etc/   | cpio  -ov  >  /app1/etc.cpio
./etc/
./etc/sysconfig
./etc/sysconfig/ip6tables-config
./etc/sysconfig/iptables-config
./etc/sysconfig/cbq
./etc/sysconfig/cbq/avpkt
./etc/sysconfig/cbq/cbq-0000.example
./etc/sysconfig/rdisc
./etc/sysconfig/console
./etc/sysconfig/init
./etc/sysconfig/modules
./etc/sysconfig/netconsole
./etc/sysconfig/network-scripts
./etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-lo
./etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-bnep
./etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-eth
./etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-ippp
./etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-ipv6
./etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-isdn
./etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-post
./etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-ppp
./etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-routes
./etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-sit
./etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-tunnel
./etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-aliases
./etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-bnep
./etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-eth
./etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-ippp
./etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-ipv6
./etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-isdn
./etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-plip
./etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-plusb
./etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-post
./etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-ppp
./etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-routes
./etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-sit
./etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-tunnel
./etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-wireless
./etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/init.ipv6-global
./etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/network-functions
./etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/network-functions-ipv6
./etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-Team
./etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-TeamPort
./etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-Team
./etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-TeamPort
./etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33
./etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens37
./etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup
./etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown
./etc/sysconfig/readonly-root
./etc/sysconfig/crond
./etc/sysconfig/run-parts
./etc/sysconfig/wpa_supplicant
./etc/sysconfig/ebtables-config
./etc/sysconfig/irqbalance
./etc/sysconfig/man-db
./etc/sysconfig/rsyslog
./etc/sysconfig/firewalld
./etc/sysconfig/kdump
./etc/sysconfig/sshd
./etc/sysconfig/authconfig
./etc/sysconfig/cpupower
./etc/sysconfig/kernel
./etc/sysconfig/network
./etc/sysconfig/anaconda
./etc/sysconfig/chronyd
./etc/sysconfig/ntpdate
./etc/sysconfig/ntpd
./etc/sysconfig/keepalived
./etc/sysconfig/ipvsadm-config
./etc/sysconfig/nginx
./etc/sysconfig/nginx-debug
./etc/sysconfig/htcacheclean
./etc/sysconfig/httpd
./etc/sysconfig/grub
./etc/sysconfig/selinux
347 blocks

解压到当前目录里面

[root@centos72 app]# cd  /app1
[root@centos72 app1]# ls
etc.cpio
[root@centos72 app1]# ll
total 176
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 177664 May  3 12:22 etc.cpio
[root@centos72 app1]# du -sh  
176K    .
[root@centos72 app1]# du -sh   etc.cpio 
176K    etc.cpio
[root@centos72 app1]# cpio -idv   < etc.cpio
etc
etc/sysconfig
etc/sysconfig/ip6tables-config
etc/sysconfig/iptables-config
etc/sysconfig/cbq
etc/sysconfig/cbq/avpkt
etc/sysconfig/cbq/cbq-0000.example
etc/sysconfig/rdisc
etc/sysconfig/console
etc/sysconfig/init
etc/sysconfig/modules
etc/sysconfig/netconsole
etc/sysconfig/network-scripts
etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-lo
etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-bnep
etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-eth
etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-ippp
etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-ipv6
etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-isdn
etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-post
etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-ppp
etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-routes
etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-sit
etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-tunnel
etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-aliases
etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-bnep
etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-eth
etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-ippp
etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-ipv6
etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-isdn
etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-plip
etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-plusb
etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-post
etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-ppp
etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-routes
etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-sit
etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-tunnel
etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-wireless
etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/init.ipv6-global
etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/network-functions
etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/network-functions-ipv6
etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-Team
etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-TeamPort
etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-Team
etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-TeamPort
etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33
etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens37
etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup
etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown
etc/sysconfig/readonly-root
etc/sysconfig/crond
etc/sysconfig/run-parts
etc/sysconfig/wpa_supplicant
etc/sysconfig/ebtables-config
etc/sysconfig/irqbalance
etc/sysconfig/man-db
etc/sysconfig/rsyslog
etc/sysconfig/firewalld
etc/sysconfig/kdump
etc/sysconfig/sshd
etc/sysconfig/authconfig
etc/sysconfig/cpupower
etc/sysconfig/kernel
etc/sysconfig/network
etc/sysconfig/anaconda
etc/sysconfig/chronyd
etc/sysconfig/ntpdate
etc/sysconfig/ntpd
etc/sysconfig/keepalived
etc/sysconfig/ipvsadm-config
etc/sysconfig/nginx
etc/sysconfig/nginx-debug
etc/sysconfig/htcacheclean
etc/sysconfig/httpd
etc/sysconfig/grub
etc/sysconfig/selinux
347 blocks
[root@centos72 app1]# ls  
etc  etc.cpio

[root@centos72 app1]# tree  etc
etc
└── sysconfig
    ├── anaconda
    ├── authconfig
    ├── cbq
    │   ├── avpkt
    │   └── cbq-0000.example
    ├── chronyd
    ├── console
    ├── cpupower
    ├── crond
    ├── ebtables-config
    ├── firewalld
    ├── grub -> ../default/grub
    ├── htcacheclean
    ├── httpd
    ├── init
    ├── ip6tables-config
    ├── iptables-config
    ├── ipvsadm-config
    ├── irqbalance
    ├── kdump
    ├── keepalived
    ├── kernel
    ├── man-db
    ├── modules
    ├── netconsole
    ├── network
    ├── network-scripts
    │   ├── ifcfg-ens33
    │   ├── ifcfg-ens37
    │   ├── ifcfg-lo
    │   ├── ifdown -> ../../../usr/sbin/ifdown
    │   ├── ifdown-bnep
    │   ├── ifdown-eth
    │   ├── ifdown-ippp
    │   ├── ifdown-ipv6
    │   ├── ifdown-isdn -> ifdown-ippp
    │   ├── ifdown-post
    │   ├── ifdown-ppp
    │   ├── ifdown-routes
    │   ├── ifdown-sit
    │   ├── ifdown-Team
    │   ├── ifdown-TeamPort
    │   ├── ifdown-tunnel
    │   ├── ifup -> ../../../usr/sbin/ifup
    │   ├── ifup-aliases
    │   ├── ifup-bnep
    │   ├── ifup-eth
    │   ├── ifup-ippp
    │   ├── ifup-ipv6
    │   ├── ifup-isdn -> ifup-ippp
    │   ├── ifup-plip
    │   ├── ifup-plusb
    │   ├── ifup-post
    │   ├── ifup-ppp
    │   ├── ifup-routes
    │   ├── ifup-sit
    │   ├── ifup-Team
    │   ├── ifup-TeamPort
    │   ├── ifup-tunnel
    │   ├── ifup-wireless
    │   ├── init.ipv6-global
    │   ├── network-functions
    │   └── network-functions-ipv6
    ├── nginx
    ├── nginx-debug
    ├── ntpd
    ├── ntpdate
    ├── rdisc
    ├── readonly-root
    ├── rsyslog
    ├── run-parts
    ├── selinux -> ../selinux/config
    ├── sshd
    └── wpa_supplicant

5 directories, 70 files
[root@centos72 app1]# pwd
/app1

只解压一个文件到特定目录里面

注意文件是相对路径etc/sysconfig/network-scripts，也就是解压到当前目录

[root@centos72 ~]# cpio   -idv    etc/sysconfig/network-scripts   <   /app1/etc.cpio 
etc/sysconfig/network-scripts
347 blocks
[root@centos72 ~]# ls
-        2.txt  aa.txt           etc           messages.zip  oCam.exe   reset.sh
202.txt  a      anaconda-ks.cfg  filelist.txt  m.z           reset1.sh  tree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@centos72 ~]# tree  etc/
etc/
└── sysconfig
    └── network-scripts

2 directories, 0 files

在系统里面有些文件是cpio格式的

[root@centos72 ~]# file  /app1/etc.cpio 
/app1/etc.cpio: cpio archive

[root@centos72 ~]# ls  /boot/
config-3.10.0-957.12.1.el7.x86_64
config-3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64
efi
grub
grub2
initramfs-0-rescue-cb26ac281315402a9928e9a4c3bedfcd.img
initramfs-3.10.0-957.12.1.el7.x86_64.img
initramfs-3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64.img
symvers-3.10.0-957.12.1.el7.x86_64.gz
symvers-3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64.gz
System.map-3.10.0-957.12.1.el7.x86_64
System.map-3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64
vmlinuz-0-rescue-cb26ac281315402a9928e9a4c3bedfcd
vmlinuz-3.10.0-957.12.1.el7.x86_64
vmlinuz-3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64
[root@centos72 ~]# file  /boot/initramfs-3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64.img
/boot/initramfs-3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64.img: ASCII cpio archive (SVR4 with no CRC)

预览cpio的文件列表

[root@centos72 ~]# cpio   -tv   <  /boot/initramfs-3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64.img
drwxr-xr-x   3 root     root            0 May  2 14:47 .
drwxr-xr-x   3 root     root            0 May  2 14:47 kernel
drwxr-xr-x   3 root     root            0 May  2 14:47 kernel/x86
drwxr-xr-x   2 root     root            0 May  2 14:47 kernel/x86/microcode
-rw-r--r--   1 root     root        98304 May  2 14:47 kernel/x86/microcode/GenuineIntel.bin
-rw-r--r--   1 root     root            2 May  2 14:47 early_cpio
194 blocks