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进程管理工具uptime,top,htop

一uptime

显示当前时间，系统已启动的时间、当前上线人数，系统平均负载（1、5、10分钟的平均负载，一般不会超过1）

系统平均负载:指在特定时间间隔内运行队列中的平均进程数

通常每个CPU内核的当前活动进程数不大于3，那么系统的性能良好。

如果每个CPU内核的任务数大于5，那么此主机的性能有严重问题

如果linux主机是1个双核CPU，当Load Average 为6的时候说明机器已经被充分使用

[root@centos72 ~]# uptime 
 21:58:57 up 21:30,  2 users,  load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05

因为开启了两个终端也就显示了两个用户

[root@centos72 ~]# who
root     pts/2        2019-05-18 00:39 (192.168.137.1)
root     pts/3        2019-05-18 00:49 (192.168.137.1)
[root@centos72 ~]# whoami 
root

[root@centos72 ~]# !dd
dd  if=/dev/zero   of=/dev/null   bs=1G

[root@centos72 ~]# uptime 
 22:01:31 up 21:33,  2 users,  load average: 1.07, 0.26, 0.12
[root@centos72 ~]# uptime 
 22:01:42 up 21:33,  2 users,  load average: 1.22, 0.31, 0.14
[root@centos72 ~]# uptime 
 22:01:51 up 21:33,  2 users,  load average: 1.26, 0.35, 0.16
[root@centos72 ~]# uptime 
 22:02:05 up 21:33,  2 users,  load average: 1.42, 0.43, 0.19
[root@centos72 ~]# uptime

查看CPU内核数量

如果负载高于CPU内核数压力就很大了

使用云可以解决 CPU负载不同问题，因为有的CPU很忙，有的CPU没事干

[root@centos72 ~]# lscpu 
Architecture:          x86_64
CPU op-mode(s):        32-bit, 64-bit
Byte Order:            Little Endian
CPU(s):                2
On-line CPU(s) list:   0,1
Thread(s) per core:    1
Core(s) per socket:    1
Socket(s):             2
NUMA node(s):          1
Vendor ID:             GenuineIntel
CPU family:            6
Model:                 142
Model name:            Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-7500U CPU @ 2.70GHz
Stepping:              9
CPU MHz:               2904.004
BogoMIPS:              5808.00
Hypervisor vendor:     VMware
Virtualization type:   full
L1d cache:             32K
L1i cache:             32K
L2 cache:              256K
L3 cache:              4096K
NUMA node0 CPU(s):     0,1
Flags:                 fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon nopl xtopology tsc_reliable nonstop_tsc eagerfpu pni pclmulqdq ssse3 fma cx16 pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand hypervisor lahf_lm abm 3dnowprefetch fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 avx2 smep bmi2 invpcid rdseed adx smap xsaveopt arat

二进程管理工具 top

排序：
P：以占据的CPU百分比,%CPU
M：占据内存百分比,%MEM
T：累积占据CPU时长,TIME+
首部信息显示：
uptime信息：l命令
tasks及cpu信息：t命令
cpu分别显示：1 (数字)
memory信息：m命令
退出命令：q
修改刷新时间间隔：s
终止指定进程：k
保存文件：W

ps显示的是当前进程的快照，也就是看到瞬间的状态

top比ps显示的信息更加详细

（一）top显示结果说明

第一行，任务队列信息，同uptime命令的执行结果。

当前系统时间。

up xxx表示系统已经运行了多长时间

2users当前有2个用户登录系统。

load average：load average后面的三个数分别是1分钟、5分钟、15分钟的平均负载情况。

第二行，Tasks为任务（进程）

分别表示系统进程总数，处于运行状态，休眠（sleep）状态，stoped状态，zombie僵死状态

第三行，CPU状态的相关信息

0.0%us用户空间占用CPU的百分比。

0.0%sy内核空间占用CPU的百分比。

0.0%ni改变过优先级的进程占用CPU的百分比。

100.0%id空闲CPU百分比。

0.0%waI/o等待占用CPU的百分比。

0.0%hi硬中断（HardwareIRQ）占用CPU的百分比。

0.0%si软中断（Software Interrupts）占用CPU的百分比。

0.0%st虚拟机占用CPU的百分比。

第四行，内存状态

从左到右分别是total物理内存总量，free空闲内存总量，used使用中的内存总量，buffers 缓冲的内存量。

第五行，swap交换分区信息

从左到右分别是total交换区总量，free空闲交换区总量，used使用的交换区总量， avail Mem 可用的内存量。

目前是系统资源占用的多，因为I/O和内核级有关，用户空间占用的资源更少

栏位信息简介
us：用户空间
sy：内核空间
ni：调整nice时间
id：空闲
wa：等待IO时间
hi：硬中断
si：软中断（模式切换）
st：虚拟机偷走的时间，比如windows上面运行了linux虚拟机，占用了CPU

因为Linux里面没有虚拟机就显示为0

[root@centos72 ~]# top
top - 22:13:23 up 21:45,  2 users,  load average: 0.09, 0.72, 0.61
Tasks: 111 total,   2 running, 109 sleeping,   0 stopped,   0 zombie
%Cpu(s):  0.0 us,  0.0 sy,  0.0 ni,100.0 id,  0.0 wa,  0.0 hi,  0.0 si,  0.0 st
KiB Mem :   997980 total,   868364 free,    53480 used,    76136 buff/cache
KiB Swap:  2097148 total,  2032352 free,    64796 used.   816496 avail Mem 

   PID USER      PR  NI    VIRT    RES    SHR S  %CPU %MEM     TIME+ COMMAND                           
  4107 root      20   0  161840   2184   1540 R   0.3  0.2   0:00.17 top                               
     1 root      20   0  127944   1000    632 S   0.0  0.1   0:03.86 systemd                           
     2 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.02 kthreadd                          
     3 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:03.74 ksoftirqd/0                       
     5 root       0 -20       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.00 kworker/0:0H                      
     6 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.01 kworker/u256:0                    
     7 root      rt   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.05 migration/0                       
     8 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.00 rcu_bh                            
     9 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:01.88 rcu_sched                         
    10 root       0 -20       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.00 lru-add-drain                     
    11 root      rt   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.96 watchdog/0                        
    12 root      rt   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.31 watchdog/1                        
    13 root      rt   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.05 migration/1                       
    14 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:03.67 ksoftirqd/1                       
    16 root       0 -20       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.00 kworker/1:0H

CPU马上就达到了100%了，因为有两颗CPU，所以可以允许两个进程CPU利用率达到100%

[root@centos72 ~]# dd  if=/dev/zero   of=/dev/null

[root@centos72 ~]# top 
top - 22:34:21 up 22:06,  2 users,  load average: 1.19, 0.39, 0.29
Tasks: 111 total,   2 running, 109 sleeping,   0 stopped,   0 zombie
%Cpu(s): 14.0 us, 35.9 sy,  0.0 ni, 50.1 id,  0.0 wa,  0.0 hi,  0.0 si,  0.0 st
KiB Mem :   997980 total,   871880 free,    53112 used,    72988 buff/cache
KiB Swap:  2097148 total,  2032988 free,    64160 used.   818420 avail Mem 

   PID USER      PR  NI    VIRT    RES    SHR S  %CPU %MEM     TIME+ COMMAND                           
  4114 root      20   0  107992    612    512 R 100.0  0.1   0:12.55 dd                                
     1 root      20   0  127944    992    624 S   0.0  0.1   0:03.91 systemd                           
     2 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.02 kthreadd                          
     3 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:03.75 ksoftirqd/0                       
     5 root       0 -20       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.00 kworker/0:0H                      
     6 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.01 kworker/u256:0                    
     7 root      rt   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.05 migration/0                       
     8 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.00 rcu_bh                            
     9 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:01.92 rcu_sched                         
    10 root       0 -20       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.00 lru-add-drain                     
    11 root      rt   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.96 watchdog/0                        
    12 root      rt   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.31 watchdog/1                        
    13 root      rt   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.05 migration/1                       
    14 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:03.67 ksoftirqd/1                       
    16 root       0 -20       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.00 kworker/1:0H

再开启一个终端，两个进程的CPU利用率马上就达到了100%

[root@centos72 ~]# top 
top - 22:36:19 up 22:08,  3 users,  load average: 1.51, 0.68, 0.40
Tasks: 115 total,   3 running, 112 sleeping,   0 stopped,   0 zombie
%Cpu(s): 28.0 us, 72.0 sy,  0.0 ni,  0.0 id,  0.0 wa,  0.0 hi,  0.0 si,  0.0 st
KiB Mem :   997980 total,   846020 free,    61636 used,    90324 buff/cache
KiB Swap:  2097148 total,  2034780 free,    62368 used.   800860 avail Mem 

   PID USER      PR  NI    VIRT    RES    SHR S  %CPU %MEM     TIME+ COMMAND                           
  4114 root      20   0  107992    612    512 R  99.7  0.1   2:09.75 dd                                
  4139 root      20   0  107992    612    512 R  99.3  0.1   0:15.79 dd                                
   287 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.3  0.0   0:00.53 xfsaild/sda2                      
   546 root      20   0  298712   1492   1156 S   0.3  0.1   0:56.53 vmtoolsd                          
     1 root      20   0  127944   3148   2068 S   0.0  0.3   0:03.93 systemd                           
     2 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.02 kthreadd                          
     3 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:03.75 ksoftirqd/0                       
     5 root       0 -20       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.00 kworker/0:0H                      
     6 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.01 kworker/u256:0                    
     7 root      rt   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.05 migration/0                       
     8 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.00 rcu_bh                            
     9 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:01.95 rcu_sched                         
    10 root       0 -20       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.00 lru-add-drain                     
    11 root      rt   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.96 watchdog/0                        
    12 root      rt   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.31 watchdog/1

因为有两颗内核

[root@centos72 ~]# lscpu 
Architecture:          x86_64
CPU op-mode(s):        32-bit, 64-bit
Byte Order:            Little Endian
CPU(s):                2
On-line CPU(s) list:   0,1
Thread(s) per core:    1
Core(s) per socket:    1
Socket(s):             2
NUMA node(s):          1
Vendor ID:             GenuineIntel
CPU family:            6
Model:                 142
Model name:            Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-7500U CPU @ 2.70GHz
Stepping:              9
CPU MHz:               2904.004
BogoMIPS:              5808.00
Hypervisor vendor:     VMware
Virtualization type:   full
L1d cache:             32K
L1i cache:             32K
L2 cache:              256K
L3 cache:              4096K
NUMA node0 CPU(s):     0,1
Flags:                 fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon nopl xtopology tsc_reliable nonstop_tsc eagerfpu pni pclmulqdq ssse3 fma cx16 pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand hypervisor lahf_lm abm 3dnowprefetch fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 avx2 smep bmi2 invpcid rdseed adx smap xsaveopt arat

默认是按照CPU排序的，如果是按照内存排序，那么在执行了命令top之后就按M即可

top - 22:41:24 up 22:13,  3 users,  load average: 0.92, 0.97, 0.63
Tasks: 114 total,   2 running, 112 sleeping,   0 stopped,   0 zombie
%Cpu(s): 14.5 us, 35.2 sy,  0.0 ni, 50.3 id,  0.0 wa,  0.0 hi,  0.0 si,  0.0 st
KiB Mem :   997980 total,   845064 free,    62044 used,    90872 buff/cache
KiB Swap:  2097148 total,  2034780 free,    62368 used.   800188 avail Mem 

   PID USER      PR  NI    VIRT    RES    SHR S  %CPU %MEM     TIME+ COMMAND                           
  4115 root      20   0  154588   5392   4068 S   0.0  0.5   0:00.30 sshd                              
     1 root      20   0  127944   3148   2068 S   0.0  0.3   0:03.94 systemd                           
  4120 root      20   0  115932   2508   1656 S   0.0  0.3   0:00.03 bash                              
  4143 root      20   0  161940   2188   1540 R   0.3  0.2   0:00.10 top                               
  2114 root      20   0  116032   1524    828 S   0.0  0.2   0:00.10 bash                              
   546 root      20   0  298712   1492   1156 S   0.3  0.1   0:57.42 vmtoolsd                          
   357 root      20   0   37124   1288   1160 S   0.0  0.1   0:00.79 systemd-journal                   
  2057 root      20   0  116036   1272    732 S   0.0  0.1   0:00.55 bash                              
   544 root      20   0  476268   1212    716 S   0.0  0.1   0:06.47 NetworkManager                    
   548 root      20   0   26376    940    780 S   0.0  0.1   0:00.69 systemd-logind                    
   540 dbus      20   0   66428    920    600 S   0.0  0.1   0:01.73 dbus-daemon                       
   787 root      20   0  214424    912    536 S   0.0  0.1   0:03.11 rsyslogd                          
   539 polkitd   20   0  538536    800    552 S   0.0  0.1   0:00.12 polkitd                           
  4139 root      20   0  107992    612    512 R 100.0  0.1   5:20.34 dd                                
   784 root      20   0  573856    528    224 S   0.0  0.1   0:07.99 tuned

（二）top排序

T：累积占据CPU时长,TIME+

如果是按照总的占据CPU时间排序，那么在执行了命令top之后就按T即可

top - 22:43:41 up 22:15,  3 users,  load average: 0.92, 0.93, 0.66
Tasks: 114 total,   2 running, 112 sleeping,   0 stopped,   0 zombie
%Cpu(s): 15.1 us, 34.9 sy,  0.0 ni, 49.9 id,  0.0 wa,  0.0 hi,  0.0 si,  0.0 st
KiB Mem :   997980 total,   845064 free,    62044 used,    90872 buff/cache
KiB Swap:  2097148 total,  2034780 free,    62368 used.   800188 avail Mem 

   PID USER      PR  NI    VIRT    RES    SHR S  %CPU %MEM     TIME+ COMMAND                           
  4139 root      20   0  107992    612    512 R 100.0  0.1   7:37.19 dd                                
   546 root      20   0  298712   1492   1156 S   0.0  0.1   0:57.57 vmtoolsd                          
    32 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:25.70 kswapd0                           
   784 root      20   0  573856    528    224 S   0.0  0.1   0:08.00 tuned                             
   544 root      20   0  476268   1212    716 S   0.0  0.1   0:06.48 NetworkManager                    
   538 root      20   0   21668    360    240 S   0.0  0.0   0:06.11 irqbalance                        
     1 root      20   0  127944   3148   2068 S   0.0  0.3   0:03.94 systemd                           
  2295 root      20   0  230376    200    132 S   0.0  0.0   0:03.83 httpd                             
     3 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:03.75 ksoftirqd/0                       
    14 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:03.67 ksoftirqd/1                       
   787 root      20   0  214424    912    536 S   0.0  0.1   0:03.12 rsyslogd                          
     9 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:02.01 rcu_sched                         
   540 dbus      20   0   66428    920    600 S   0.0  0.1   0:01.74 dbus-daemon                       
   247 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:01.64 kworker/u256:2                    
  3967 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:01.62 kworker/1:0

（三）首部信息显示与否

（1）uptime信息不显示在执行了top命令之后按l即可

Tasks: 113 total,   2 running, 111 sleeping,   0 stopped,   0 zombie
%Cpu(s): 14.7 us, 34.8 sy,  0.0 ni, 50.5 id,  0.0 wa,  0.0 hi,  0.0 si,  0.0 st
KiB Mem :   997980 total,   845080 free,    62028 used,    90872 buff/cache
KiB Swap:  2097148 total,  2034780 free,    62368 used.   800204 avail Mem 

   PID USER      PR  NI    VIRT    RES    SHR S  %CPU %MEM     TIME+ COMMAND                           
  4139 root      20   0  107992    612    512 R  99.7  0.1  10:08.53 dd                                
   546 root      20   0  298712   1492   1156 S   0.7  0.1   0:57.74 vmtoolsd                          
    32 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:25.70 kswapd0                           
   784 root      20   0  573856    528    224 S   0.0  0.1   0:08.02 tuned                             
   544 root      20   0  476268   1212    716 S   0.0  0.1   0:06.48 NetworkManager                    
   538 root      20   0   21668    360    240 S   0.0  0.0   0:06.12 irqbalance                        
     1 root      20   0  127944   3148   2068 S   0.0  0.3   0:03.95 systemd                           
  2295 root      20   0  230376    200    132 S   0.0  0.0   0:03.84 httpd                             
     3 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:03.75 ksoftirqd/0                       
    14 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:03.67 ksoftirqd/1                       
   787 root      20   0  214424    912    536 S   0.0  0.1   0:03.12 rsyslogd                          
     9 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:02.03 rcu_sched                         
   540 dbus      20   0   66428    920    600 S   0.0  0.1   0:01.74 dbus-daemon                       
   247 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:01.64 kworker/u256:2                    
  3967 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:01.64 kworker/1:0                       
   388 root      20   0   48756      8      8 S   0.0  0.0   0:01.14 systemd-udevd

（2）tasks及cpu信息：t命令

可以以进度条或者栅栏的方式显示，也可以隐藏起来

KiB Mem :   997980 total,   845080 free,    62028 used,    90872 buff/cache
KiB Swap:  2097148 total,  2034780 free,    62368 used.   800204 avail Mem 

   PID USER      PR  NI    VIRT    RES    SHR S  %CPU %MEM     TIME+ COMMAND                           
  4139 root      20   0  107992    612    512 R  99.7  0.1  11:56.60 dd                                
   546 root      20   0  298712   1492   1156 S   0.3  0.1   0:57.82 vmtoolsd                          
    32 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:25.70 kswapd0                           
   784 root      20   0  573856    528    224 S   0.0  0.1   0:08.03 tuned                             
   544 root      20   0  476268   1212    716 S   0.0  0.1   0:06.48 NetworkManager                    
   538 root      20   0   21668    360    240 S   0.0  0.0   0:06.13 irqbalance                        
     1 root      20   0  127944   3148   2068 S   0.0  0.3   0:03.95 systemd                           
  2295 root      20   0  230376    200    132 S   0.0  0.0   0:03.84 httpd                             
     3 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:03.75 ksoftirqd/0                       
    14 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:03.67 ksoftirqd/1                       
   787 root      20   0  214424    912    536 S   0.0  0.1   0:03.13 rsyslogd                          
     9 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.3  0.0   0:02.05 rcu_sched                         
   540 dbus      20   0   66428    920    600 S   0.0  0.1   0:01.74 dbus-daemon                       
   247 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:01.65 kworker/u256:2                    
  3967 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:01.64 kworker/1:0                       
   388 root      20   0   48756      8      8 S   0.0  0.0   0:01.14 systemd-udevd                     
  2053 root      20   0  154588    320    140 S   0.0  0.0   0:01.14 sshd                              
    11 root      rt   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.97 watchdog/0

以栅栏的方式显示

Tasks: 113 total,   3 running, 110 sleeping,   0 stopped,   0 zombie
%Cpu(s):  15.1/34.9   50[|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||                                      ]
KiB Mem :   997980 total,   845080 free,    62028 used,    90872 buff/cache
KiB Swap:  2097148 total,  2034780 free,    62368 used.   800204 avail Mem 

   PID USER      PR  NI    VIRT    RES    SHR S  %CPU %MEM     TIME+ COMMAND                           
  4139 root      20   0  107992    612    512 R  95.5  0.1  13:15.68 dd                                
   546 root      20   0  298712   1492   1156 S   0.0  0.1   0:57.90 vmtoolsd                          
    32 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:25.70 kswapd0                           
   784 root      20   0  573856    528    224 S   0.0  0.1   0:08.04 tuned                             
   544 root      20   0  476268   1212    716 S   0.0  0.1   0:06.48 NetworkManager                    
   538 root      20   0   21668    360    240 S   0.0  0.0   0:06.13 irqbalance                        
     1 root      20   0  127944   3148   2068 S   0.0  0.3   0:03.95 systemd                           
  2295 root      20   0  230376    200    132 S   0.0  0.0   0:03.84 httpd                             
     3 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:03.75 ksoftirqd/0                       
    14 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:03.67 ksoftirqd/1                       
   787 root      20   0  214424    912    536 S   0.0  0.1   0:03.13 rsyslogd                          
     9 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:02.06 rcu_sched                         
   540 dbus      20   0   66428    920    600 S   0.0  0.1   0:01.74 dbus-daemon                       
   247 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:01.65 kworker/u256:2                    
  3967 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:01.65 kworker/1:0                       
  2053 root      20   0  154588    320    140 S   2.3  0.0   0:01.16 sshd

以进度条的方式显示

Tasks: 113 total,   3 running, 110 sleeping,   0 stopped,   0 zombie
%Cpu(s):  13.4/36.5   50[                                                                             ]
KiB Mem :   997980 total,   845080 free,    62028 used,    90872 buff/cache
KiB Swap:  2097148 total,  2034780 free,    62368 used.   800204 avail Mem 

   PID USER      PR  NI    VIRT    RES    SHR S  %CPU %MEM     TIME+ COMMAND                           
  4139 root      20   0  107992    612    512 R 100.0  0.1  13:35.96 dd                                
   546 root      20   0  298712   1492   1156 S   0.0  0.1   0:57.92 vmtoolsd                          
    32 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:25.70 kswapd0                           
   784 root      20   0  573856    528    224 S   0.0  0.1   0:08.04 tuned                             
   544 root      20   0  476268   1212    716 S   0.0  0.1   0:06.48 NetworkManager                    
   538 root      20   0   21668    360    240 S   0.0  0.0   0:06.13 irqbalance                        
     1 root      20   0  127944   3148   2068 S   0.0  0.3   0:03.95 systemd                           
  2295 root      20   0  230376    200    132 S   0.4  0.0   0:03.85 httpd                             
     3 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:03.75 ksoftirqd/0                       
    14 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:03.67 ksoftirqd/1                       
   787 root      20   0  214424    912    536 S   0.0  0.1   0:03.13 rsyslogd                          
     9 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.4  0.0   0:02.07 rcu_sched                         
   540 dbus      20   0   66428    920    600 S   0.0  0.1   0:01.74 dbus-daemon                       
   247 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:01.65 kworker/u256:2                    
  3967 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:01.65 kworker/1:0                       
  2053 root      20   0  154588    320    140 S   0.0  0.0   0:01.16 sshd

（3）cpu分别显示：1 (数字)

Tasks: 113 total,   3 running, 110 sleeping,   0 stopped,   0 zombie
%Cpu(s):  13.4/36.5   50[                                                                             ]
KiB Mem :   997980 total,   845080 free,    62028 used,    90872 buff/cache
KiB Swap:  2097148 total,  2034780 free,    62368 used.   800204 avail Mem 

   PID USER      PR  NI    VIRT    RES    SHR S  %CPU %MEM     TIME+ COMMAND                           
  4139 root      20   0  107992    612    512 R 100.0  0.1  13:35.96 dd                                
   546 root      20   0  298712   1492   1156 S   0.0  0.1   0:57.92 vmtoolsd                          
    32 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:25.70 kswapd0                           
   784 root      20   0  573856    528    224 S   0.0  0.1   0:08.04 tuned                             
   544 root      20   0  476268   1212    716 S   0.0  0.1   0:06.48 NetworkManager                    
   538 root      20   0   21668    360    240 S   0.0  0.0   0:06.13 irqbalance                        
     1 root      20   0  127944   3148   2068 S   0.0  0.3   0:03.95 systemd                           
  2295 root      20   0  230376    200    132 S   0.4  0.0   0:03.85 httpd                             
     3 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:03.75 ksoftirqd/0                       
    14 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:03.67 ksoftirqd/1                       
   787 root      20   0  214424    912    536 S   0.0  0.1   0:03.13 rsyslogd                          
     9 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.4  0.0   0:02.07 rcu_sched                         
   540 dbus      20   0   66428    920    600 S   0.0  0.1   0:01.74 dbus-daemon                       
   247 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:01.65 kworker/u256:2                    
  3967 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:01.65 kworker/1:0                       
  2053 root      20   0  154588    320    140 S   0.0  0.0   0:01.16 sshd

（4）memory信息：m命令

Tasks: 113 total,   2 running, 111 sleeping,   0 stopped,   0 zombie
%Cpu0  :   0.0/0.3     0[                                                                             ]
%Cpu1  :  30.0/70.0  100[                                                                             ]
KiB Mem : 19.8/997980   [|||||||||||||||                                                              ]
KiB Swap:  3.0/2097148  [||                                                                           ]

   PID USER      PR  NI    VIRT    RES    SHR S  %CPU %MEM     TIME+ COMMAND                           
  4139 root      20   0  107992    612    512 R 100.0  0.1  15:10.42 dd                                
   546 root      20   0  298712   1492   1156 S   0.7  0.1   0:57.99 vmtoolsd                          
    32 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:25.70 kswapd0                           
   784 root      20   0  573856    528    224 S   0.0  0.1   0:08.05 tuned                             
   544 root      20   0  476268   1212    716 S   0.0  0.1   0:06.48 NetworkManager                    
   538 root      20   0   21668    360    240 S   0.0  0.0   0:06.14 irqbalance                        
     1 root      20   0  127944   3148   2068 S   0.0  0.3   0:03.95 systemd                           
  2295 root      20   0  230376    200    132 S   0.0  0.0   0:03.86 httpd                             
     3 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:03.75 ksoftirqd/0                       
    14 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:03.67 ksoftirqd/1                       
   787 root      20   0  214424    912    536 S   0.0  0.1   0:03.14 rsyslogd                          
     9 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:02.08 rcu_sched                         
   540 dbus      20   0   66428    920    600 S   0.0  0.1   0:01.74 dbus-daemon                       
  3967 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:01.66 kworker/1:0                       
   247 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:01.65 kworker/u256:2

以进度条的方式显示

Tasks: 113 total,   2 running, 111 sleeping,   0 stopped,   0 zombie
%Cpu0  :  28.1/71.9  100[                                                                             ]
%Cpu1  :   0.0/0.0     0[                                                                             ]
KiB Mem : 19.8/997980   [                                                                             ]
KiB Swap:  3.0/2097148  [                                                                             ]

   PID USER      PR  NI    VIRT    RES    SHR S  %CPU %MEM     TIME+ COMMAND                           
  4139 root      20   0  107992    612    512 R 100.0  0.1  15:54.68 dd                                
   546 root      20   0  298712   1492   1156 S   0.0  0.1   0:58.01 vmtoolsd                          
    32 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:25.70 kswapd0                           
   784 root      20   0  573856    528    224 S   0.0  0.1   0:08.05 tuned                             
   544 root      20   0  476268   1212    716 S   0.0  0.1   0:06.48 NetworkManager                    
   538 root      20   0   21668    360    240 S   0.0  0.0   0:06.14 irqbalance                        
     1 root      20   0  127944   3148   2068 S   0.0  0.3   0:03.95 systemd                           
  2295 root      20   0  230376    200    132 S   0.0  0.0   0:03.86 httpd                             
     3 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:03.75 ksoftirqd/0                       
    14 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:03.67 ksoftirqd/1                       
   787 root      20   0  214424    912    536 S   0.0  0.1   0:03.14 rsyslogd                          
     9 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:02.08 rcu_sched                         
   540 dbus      20   0   66428    920    600 S   0.0  0.1   0:01.74 dbus-daemon                       
  3967 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:01.66 kworker/1:0                       
   247 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:01.65 kworker/u256:2

按z会显示颜色

在6上显示的

在7上可以往下翻，在6上不行

（四）修改刷新时间间隔：s

可以设置为1秒，回车即可

刷新间隔过于频繁不好的，增加了系统负担

top - 23:01:01 up 22:32,  3 users,  load average: 0.67, 0.77, 0.75
Tasks: 113 total,   2 running, 111 sleeping,   0 stopped,   0 zombie
%Cpu(s): 12.9 us, 38.7 sy,  0.0 ni, 48.4 id,  0.0 wa,  0.0 hi,  0.0 si,  0.0 st
KiB Mem :   997980 total,   845088 free,    62020 used,    90872 buff/cache
KiB Swap:  2097148 total,  2034780 free,    62368 used.   800212 avail Mem 
Change delay from 3.0 to 1
   PID USER      PR  NI    VIRT    RES    SHR S  %CPU %MEM     TIME+ COMMAND                           
  4139 root      20   0  107992    612    512 R 100.0  0.1  24:56.46 dd                                
     1 root      20   0  127944   3148   2068 S   0.0  0.3   0:03.98 systemd                           
     2 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.02 kthreadd                          
     3 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:03.75 ksoftirqd/0                       
     5 root       0 -20       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.00 kworker/0:0H                      
     6 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.01 kworker/u256:0                    
     7 root      rt   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.06 migration/0                       
     8 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.00 rcu_bh                            
     9 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:02.24 rcu_sched                         
    10 root       0 -20       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.00 lru-add-drain                     
    11 root      rt   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.97 watchdog/0                        
    12 root      rt   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.32 watchdog/1                        
    13 root      rt   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.06 migration/1                       
    14 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:03.67 ksoftirqd/1                       
    16 root       0 -20       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.00 kworker/1:0H

（五）终止指定进程：k

top - 23:04:59 up 22:36,  3 users,  load average: 0.40, 0.68, 0.73
Tasks: 114 total,   3 running, 111 sleeping,   0 stopped,   0 zombie
%Cpu(s): 13.3 us, 36.7 sy,  0.0 ni, 49.8 id,  0.0 wa,  0.0 hi,  0.2 si,  0.0 st
KiB Mem :   997980 total,   843416 free,    62840 used,    91724 buff/cache
KiB Swap:  2097148 total,  2035292 free,    61856 used.   798888 avail Mem 

   PID USER      PR  NI    VIRT    RES    SHR S  %CPU %MEM     TIME+ COMMAND                           
  4166 root      20   0  107992    612    512 R 100.0  0.1   0:20.70 dd                                
  4167 root      20   0  161940   2188   1540 R   0.3  0.2   0:00.01 top                               
     1 root      20   0  127944   3256   2092 S   0.0  0.3   0:03.99 systemd                           
     2 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.02 kthreadd                          
     3 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:03.75 ksoftirqd/0                       
     5 root       0 -20       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.00 kworker/0:0H                      
     6 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.01 kworker/u256:0                    
     7 root      rt   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.06 migration/0                       
     8 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.00 rcu_bh                            
     9 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:02.26 rcu_sched                         
    10 root       0 -20       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.00 lru-add-drain                     
    11 root      rt   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.97 watchdog/0                        
    12 root      rt   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.33 watchdog/1                        
    13 root      rt   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.06 migration/1                       
    14 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:03.67 ksoftirqd/1

top - 23:05:08 up 22:36,  3 users,  load average: 0.34, 0.66, 0.72
Tasks: 114 total,   2 running, 112 sleeping,   0 stopped,   0 zombie
%Cpu(s): 14.0 us, 35.9 sy,  0.0 ni, 50.1 id,  0.0 wa,  0.0 hi,  0.0 si,  0.0 st
KiB Mem :   997980 total,   843416 free,    62840 used,    91724 buff/cache
KiB Swap:  2097148 total,  2035292 free,    61856 used.   798888 avail Mem 
Send pid 4166 signal [15/sigterm] 
   PID USER      PR  NI    VIRT    RES    SHR S  %CPU %MEM     TIME+ COMMAND                           
  4166 root      20   0  107992    612    512 R 100.0  0.1   0:29.70 dd                                
     1 root      20   0  127944   3256   2092 S   0.0  0.3   0:03.99 systemd                           
     2 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.02 kthreadd                          
     3 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:03.75 ksoftirqd/0                       
     5 root       0 -20       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.00 kworker/0:0H                      
     6 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.01 kworker/u256:0                    
     7 root      rt   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.06 migration/0                       
     8 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.00 rcu_bh                            
     9 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:02.26 rcu_sched                         
    10 root       0 -20       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.00 lru-add-drain                     
    11 root      rt   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.97 watchdog/0                        
    12 root      rt   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.33 watchdog/1                        
    13 root      rt   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.06 migration/1                       
    14 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:03.67 ksoftirqd/1                       
    16 root       0 -20       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.00 kworker/1:0H

（六）保存文件：W

[root@centos72 ~]# cat  /root/.toprc 
top's Config File (Linux processes with windows)
Id:i, Mode_altscr=0, Mode_irixps=1, Delay_time=3.0, Curwin=0
Def    fieldscur=¥¨³´»½D·º¹æ')*+,-./012568<>?ABCFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[]^_`abcdefghij
    winflags=193844, sortindx=18, maxtasks=0, graph_cpus=0, graph_mems=0
    summclr=1, msgsclr=1, headclr=3, taskclr=1
Job    fieldscur=¥¦¹·º(³´Ļ½@<§é*+,-./012568>?ABCFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[]^_`abcdefghij
    winflags=193844, sortindx=0, maxtasks=0, graph_cpus=0, graph_mems=0
    summclr=6, msgsclr=6, headclr=7, taskclr=6
Mem    fieldscur=¥º»<½¾¿AMBN34·æ'()*+,-./0125689FGHIJKLOPQRSTUVWXYZ[]^_`abcdefghij
    winflags=193844, sortindx=21, maxtasks=0, graph_cpus=0, graph_mems=0
    summclr=5, msgsclr=5, headclr=4, taskclr=5
Usr    fieldscur=¥¦§¨ª°¹·ºŅ)+,-./1234568;<=>?@ABCFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[]^_`abcdefghij
    winflags=193844, sortindx=3, maxtasks=0, graph_cpus=0, graph_mems=0
    summclr=3, msgsclr=3, headclr=2, taskclr=3
Fixed_widest=0, Summ_mscale=0, Task_mscale=0, Zero_suppress=0

（七）top命令行的相关选项

-d #: 指定刷新时间间隔，默认为3秒
-b: 全部显示所有进程
-n #: 刷新多少次后退出

[root@centos72 ~]# time  top -d  2   -n  3
top - 00:36:16 up 1 day, 8 min,  3 users,  load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05
Tasks: 113 total,   1 running, 112 sleeping,   0 stopped,   0 zombie
%Cpu(s):  0.0 us,  0.0 sy,  0.0 ni,100.0 id,  0.0 wa,  0.0 hi,  0.0 si,  0.0 st
KiB Mem :   997980 total,   835168 free,    65176 used,    97636 buff/cache
KiB Swap:  2097148 total,  2037084 free,    60064 used.   793636 avail Mem 

   PID USER      PR  NI    VIRT    RES    SHR S  %CPU %MEM     TIME+ COMMAND                           
     1 root      20   0  127944   3264   2096 S   0.0  0.3   0:04.23 systemd                           
     2 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.02 kthreadd                          
     3 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:03.76 ksoftirqd/0                       
     5 root       0 -20       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.00 kworker/0:0H                      
     6 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.01 kworker/u256:0                    
     7 root      rt   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.14 migration/0                       
     8 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.00 rcu_bh                            
     9 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:02.37 rcu_sched                         
    10 root       0 -20       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.00 lru-add-drain                     
    11 root      rt   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:01.00 watchdog/0                        
    12 root      rt   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.35 watchdog/1                        
    13 root      rt   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.06 migration/1                       
    14 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:03.67 ksoftirqd/1                       
    16 root       0 -20       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.00 kworker/1:0H                      
    18 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.0  0.0   0:00.02 kdevtmpfs                         

real    0m4.235s
user    0m0.048s
sys    0m0.032s

三htop命令

htop软件包来自EPEL源

选项：
-d #: 指定延迟时间；
-u UserName: 仅显示指定用户的进程
-s COLUME: 以指定字段进行排序
子命令：
s: 跟踪选定进程的系统调用
l: 显示选定进程打开的文件列表
a：将选定的进程绑定至某指定CPU核心
t: 显示进程树

（一）安装htop

[root@centos72 ~]# df
Filesystem     1K-blocks    Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda2       52403200 1211556  51191644   3% /
devtmpfs          487964       0    487964   0% /dev
tmpfs             498988       0    498988   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs             498988    7844    491144   2% /run
tmpfs             498988       0    498988   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda3       20961280   32980  20928300   1% /app
/dev/sda1        1038336  126596    911740  13% /boot
tmpfs              99800       0     99800   0% /run/user/0
[root@centos72 ~]# mount /dev/cdrom  /mnt/
mount: /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only
[root@centos72 ~]# yum  repolist 
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
base                                                                             | 3.6 kB  00:00:00     
(1/2): epel/primary_db                                                           | 6.7 MB  00:00:01     
(2/2): ali-centos/primary_db                                                     | 6.0 MB  00:00:02     
repo id                                          repo name                                        status
ali-centos                                       ali-centos                                       10,019
base                                             base                                              3,971
epel                                             epel                                             13,190
repolist: 27,180

[root@centos72 ~]# yum install htop
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package htop.x86_64 0:2.2.0-3.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

========================================================================================================
 Package               Arch                    Version                      Repository             Size
========================================================================================================
Installing:
 htop                  x86_64                  2.2.0-3.el7                  epel                  103 k

Transaction Summary
========================================================================================================
Install  1 Package

Total download size: 103 k
Installed size: 218 k
Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
Downloading packages:
htop-2.2.0-3.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                      | 103 kB  00:00:00     
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
  Installing : htop-2.2.0-3.el7.x86_64                                                              1/1 
  Verifying  : htop-2.2.0-3.el7.x86_64                                                              1/1 

Installed:
  htop.x86_64 0:2.2.0-3.el7                                                                             

Complete!

（二）htop子命令

只要鼠标点击就会显示相应的内容

子命令：
s: 跟踪选定进程的系统调用，系统调用是底层内核级的
l: 显示选定进程打开的文件列表
a：将选定的进程绑定至某指定CPU核心
t: 显示进程树

显示系统调用的整个过程，偏操作系统底层

[root@centos72 ~]# strace  /bin/ls
execve("/bin/ls", ["/bin/ls"], [/* 24 vars */]) = 0
brk(NULL)                               = 0x25ca000
mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f36377aa000
access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK)      = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=19365, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 19365, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f36377a5000
close(3)                                = 0
open("/lib64/libselinux.so.1", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
read(3, "177ELF2113>1320i"..., 832) = 832
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=155784, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 2255184, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f3637363000
mprotect(0x7f3637387000, 2093056, PROT_NONE) = 0
mmap(0x7f3637586000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x23000) = 0x7f3637586000
mmap(0x7f3637588000, 6480, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f3637588000
close(3)                                = 0
open("/lib64/libcap.so.2", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
read(3, "177ELF2113>1 26"..., 832) = 832
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=20032, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 2114112, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f363715e000
mprotect(0x7f3637162000, 2093056, PROT_NONE) = 0
mmap(0x7f3637361000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x3000) = 0x7f3637361000
close(3)                                = 0
open("/lib64/libacl.so.1", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
read(3, "177ELF2113>120037"..., 832) = 832
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=37056, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f36377a4000
mmap(NULL, 2130560, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f3636f55000
mprotect(0x7f3636f5c000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0
mmap(0x7f363715c000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x7000) = 0x7f363715c000
close(3)                                = 0
open("/lib64/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
read(3, "177ELF21133>1P%2"..., 832) = 832
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=2173512, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 3981792, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f3636b88000
mprotect(0x7f3636d4b000, 2093056, PROT_NONE) = 0
mmap(0x7f3636f4a000, 24576, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x1c2000) = 0x7f3636f4a000
mmap(0x7f3636f50000, 16864, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f3636f50000
close(3)                                = 0
open("/lib64/libpcre.so.1", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
read(3, "177ELF2113>136025"..., 832) = 832
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=402384, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 2494984, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f3636926000
mprotect(0x7f3636986000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0
mmap(0x7f3636b86000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x60000) = 0x7f3636b86000
close(3)                                = 0
open("/lib64/libdl.so.2", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
read(3, "177ELF2113>1`16"..., 832) = 832
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=19776, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f36377a3000
mmap(NULL, 2109744, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f3636722000
mprotect(0x7f3636724000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0
mmap(0x7f3636924000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x2000) = 0x7f3636924000
close(3)                                = 0
open("/lib64/libattr.so.1", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
read(3, "177ELF2113>132023"..., 832) = 832
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=19896, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 2113904, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f363651d000
mprotect(0x7f3636521000, 2093056, PROT_NONE) = 0
mmap(0x7f3636720000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x3000) = 0x7f3636720000
close(3)                                = 0
open("/lib64/libpthread.so.0", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
read(3, "177ELF2113>1m"..., 832) = 832
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=144792, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 2208904, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f3636301000
mprotect(0x7f3636318000, 2093056, PROT_NONE) = 0
mmap(0x7f3636517000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x16000) = 0x7f3636517000
mmap(0x7f3636519000, 13448, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f3636519000
close(3)                                = 0
mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f36377a2000
mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f36377a0000
arch_prctl(ARCH_SET_FS, 0x7f36377a0840) = 0
mprotect(0x7f3636f4a000, 16384, PROT_READ) = 0
mprotect(0x7f3636517000, 4096, PROT_READ) = 0
mprotect(0x7f3636720000, 4096, PROT_READ) = 0
mprotect(0x7f3636924000, 4096, PROT_READ) = 0
mprotect(0x7f3636b86000, 4096, PROT_READ) = 0
mprotect(0x7f363715c000, 4096, PROT_READ) = 0
mprotect(0x7f3637361000, 4096, PROT_READ) = 0
mprotect(0x7f3637586000, 4096, PROT_READ) = 0
mprotect(0x61a000, 4096, PROT_READ)     = 0
mprotect(0x7f36377ab000, 4096, PROT_READ) = 0
munmap(0x7f36377a5000, 19365)           = 0
set_tid_address(0x7f36377a0b10)         = 1124
set_robust_list(0x7f36377a0b20, 24)     = 0
rt_sigaction(SIGRTMIN, {0x7f36363077e0, [], SA_RESTORER|SA_SIGINFO, 0x7f36363106d0}, NULL, 8) = 0
rt_sigaction(SIGRT_1, {0x7f3636307870, [], SA_RESTORER|SA_RESTART|SA_SIGINFO, 0x7f36363106d0}, NULL, 8) = 0
rt_sigprocmask(SIG_UNBLOCK, [RTMIN RT_1], NULL, 8) = 0
getrlimit(RLIMIT_STACK, {rlim_cur=8192*1024, rlim_max=RLIM64_INFINITY}) = 0
statfs("/sys/fs/selinux", {f_type=SELINUX_MAGIC, f_bsize=4096, f_blocks=0, f_bfree=0, f_bavail=0, f_files=0, f_ffree=0, f_fsid={0, 0}, f_namelen=255, f_frsize=4096, f_flags=ST_VALID|ST_RELATIME}) = 0
statfs("/sys/fs/selinux", {f_type=SELINUX_MAGIC, f_bsize=4096, f_blocks=0, f_bfree=0, f_bavail=0, f_files=0, f_ffree=0, f_fsid={0, 0}, f_namelen=255, f_frsize=4096, f_flags=ST_VALID|ST_RELATIME}) = 0
stat("/sys/fs/selinux", {st_mode=S_IFDIR|0755, st_size=0, ...}) = 0
brk(NULL)                               = 0x25ca000
brk(0x25eb000)                          = 0x25eb000
access("/etc/selinux/config", F_OK)     = 0
open("/usr/lib/locale/locale-archive", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=106070960, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 106070960, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f362fdd8000
close(3)                                = 0
ioctl(1, TCGETS, {B38400 opost isig icanon echo ...}) = 0
ioctl(1, TIOCGWINSZ, {ws_row=22, ws_col=104, ws_xpixel=0, ws_ypixel=0}) = 0
openat(AT_FDCWD, ".", O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
getdents(3, /* 31 entries */, 32768)    = 928
getdents(3, /* 0 entries */, 32768)     = 0
close(3)                                = 0
fstat(1, {st_mode=S_IFCHR|0620, st_rdev=makedev(136, 1), ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f36377a9000
write(1, "1.txt  3.txt  5.txt  aa.txt	 ana"..., 631.txt  3.txt  5.txt  aa.txt     anaconda-ks.cfg  f1  f3  f5    x.txt
) = 63
write(1, "2.txt  4.txt  aaa    access_log "..., 562.txt  4.txt  aaa    access_log  aux.txt      f2  f4  grep
) = 56
close(1)                                = 0
munmap(0x7f36377a9000, 4096)            = 0
close(2)                                = 0
exit_group(0)                           = ?
+++ exited with 0 +++

（1）l: 显示选定进程打开的文件列表

选中进程，再按L键

注意要先安装lsof，否则会报错

[root@centos72 ~]# lsof
-bash: lsof: command not found
[root@centos72 ~]# yum  install  lsof
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
ali-centos                                                                       | 3.6 kB  00:00:00     
file:///mnt/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 14] curl#37 - "Couldn't open file /mnt/repodata/repomd.xml"
Trying other mirror.
epel                                                                             | 4.7 kB  00:00:00     
(1/3): epel/group_gz                                                             |  88 kB  00:00:00     
(2/3): epel/primary_db                                                           | 6.7 MB  00:00:00     
(3/3): epel/updateinfo                                                           | 1.0 MB  00:00:01     
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package lsof.x86_64 0:4.87-6.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

========================================================================================================
 Package             Arch                  Version                      Repository                 Size
========================================================================================================
Installing:
 lsof                x86_64                4.87-6.el7                   ali-centos                331 k

Transaction Summary
========================================================================================================
Install  1 Package

Total download size: 331 k
Installed size: 927 k
Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
Downloading packages:
lsof-4.87-6.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                       | 331 kB  00:00:00     
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
  Installing : lsof-4.87-6.el7.x86_64                                                               1/1 
  Verifying  : lsof-4.87-6.el7.x86_64                                                               1/1 

Installed:
  lsof.x86_64 0:4.87-6.el7                                                                              

Complete!

（2）t: 显示进程树

（3）a：将选定的进程绑定至某指定CPU核心

原来是绑定在第2颗CPU上的，现在选中CPU，回车

绑定在了第1颗CPU上了

绑定在了0号CPU

[root@centos72 ~]# ps -C   dd o pid,cmd,psr
   PID CMD                         PSR
  1157 dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/nul   0
[root@centos72 ~]# ps -C   dd o pid,cmd,psr
   PID CMD                         PSR
  1157 dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/nul   0
[root@centos72 ~]# ps -C   dd o pid,cmd,psr
   PID CMD                         PSR
  1157 dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/nul   0

进程绑定在同一台CPU上这样就可以利用CPU的缓存，性能会更好

在6上也可以安装

[root@centos65 ~]# yum install  htop
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security
Setting up Install Process
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package htop.x86_64 0:1.0.3-1.el6 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

========================================================================================================
 Package               Arch                    Version                      Repository             Size
========================================================================================================
Installing:
 htop                  x86_64                  1.0.3-1.el6                  epel                   83 k

Transaction Summary
========================================================================================================
Install       1 Package(s)

Total download size: 83 k
Installed size: 178 k
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
htop-1.0.3-1.el6.x86_64.rpm                                                      |  83 kB     00:00     
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
  Installing : htop-1.0.3-1.el6.x86_64                                                              1/1 
  Verifying  : htop-1.0.3-1.el6.x86_64                                                              1/1 

Installed:
  htop.x86_64 0:1.0.3-1.el6                                                                             

Complete!
[root@centos65 ~]# htop

杀死进程

选中进程，再选择KILL，按回车

被杀死了

使用xshell的字符界面支持鼠标

[root@centos72 ~]# dd   if=/dev/zero  of=/dev/null
Terminated

哪个端口被哪个进程占用？

法1加上选项p

[root@centos72 ~]# ss -tnl
State      Recv-Q Send-Q       Local Address:Port                      Peer Address:Port              
LISTEN     0      128                      *:22                                   *:*                  
LISTEN     0      100              127.0.0.1:25                                   *:*                  
LISTEN     0      128                     :::22                                  :::*                  
LISTEN     0      100                    ::1:25                                  :::*                  
[root@centos72 ~]# ss -tnlp
State      Recv-Q Send-Q       Local Address:Port                      Peer Address:Port              
LISTEN     0      128                      *:22                                   *:*                   users:(("sshd",pid=772,fd=3))
LISTEN     0      100              127.0.0.1:25                                   *:*                   users:(("master",pid=855,fd=13))
LISTEN     0      128                     :::22                                  :::*                   users:(("sshd",pid=772,fd=4))
LISTEN     0      100                    ::1:25                                  :::*                   users:(("master",pid=855,fd=14))

然后过滤

[root@centos72 ~]# ss -tnlp | grep  :22
LISTEN     0      128          *:22                       *:*                   users:(("sshd",pid=772,fd=3))
LISTEN     0      128         :::22                      :::*                   users:(("sshd",pid=772,fd=4))
[root@centos72 ~]# ss -tnlp | grep  22
LISTEN     0      128          *:22                       *:*                   users:(("sshd",pid=772,fd=3))
LISTEN     0      128         :::22                      :::*                   users:(("sshd",pid=772,fd=4))

法2

[root@centos72 ~]# lsof  -i :22
COMMAND  PID USER   FD   TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
sshd     772 root    3u  IPv4  18111      0t0  TCP *:ssh (LISTEN)
sshd     772 root    4u  IPv6  18120      0t0  TCP *:ssh (LISTEN)
sshd    1108 root    3u  IPv4  21354      0t0  TCP centos72.huawei.com:ssh->gateway:54140 (ESTABLISHED)
sshd    1133 root    3u  IPv4  21445      0t0  TCP centos72.huawei.com:ssh->gateway:54144 (ESTABLISHED)
sshd    1162 root    3u  IPv4  22019      0t0  TCP centos72.huawei.com:ssh->gateway:54203 (ESTABLISHED)
[root@centos72 ~]# lsof  -i :25
COMMAND PID USER   FD   TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
master  855 root   13u  IPv4  19156      0t0  TCP localhost:smtp (LISTEN)
master  855 root   14u  IPv6  19157      0t0  TCP localhost:smtp (LISTEN)

[root@centos72 ~]# rpm -q  lsof
lsof-4.87-6.el7.x86_64
[root@centos72 ~]# rpm -ql  lsof
/usr/sbin/lsof
/usr/share/doc/lsof-4.87
/usr/share/doc/lsof-4.87/00.README.FIRST
/usr/share/doc/lsof-4.87/00.README.FIRST_4.87
/usr/share/doc/lsof-4.87/00CREDITS
/usr/share/doc/lsof-4.87/00DCACHE
/usr/share/doc/lsof-4.87/00DIALECTS
/usr/share/doc/lsof-4.87/00DIST
/usr/share/doc/lsof-4.87/00FAQ
/usr/share/doc/lsof-4.87/00LSOF-L
/usr/share/doc/lsof-4.87/00MANIFEST
/usr/share/doc/lsof-4.87/00PORTING
/usr/share/doc/lsof-4.87/00QUICKSTART
/usr/share/doc/lsof-4.87/00README
/usr/share/doc/lsof-4.87/00TEST
/usr/share/doc/lsof-4.87/00XCONFIG
/usr/share/doc/lsof-4.87/README.lsof_4.87
/usr/share/man/man8/lsof.8.gz
[root@centos72 ~]# type  lsof 
lsof is hashed (/usr/sbin/lsof)

作者：wang618
出处：https://www.cnblogs.com/wang618/
本文版权归作者和博客园共有，欢迎转载，但未经作者同意必须保留此段声明，且在文章页面明显位置给出原文链接，否则保留追究法律责任的权利。

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原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/wang618/p/11207485.html