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  • ansible批量管理服务入门

    2020-01-17

    此为ansible批量管理服务的第1个博客,发布博客为ansible批量管理服务入门


    综合架构(二)——ansible批量管理服务

    一ansible批量管理服务功能


    01.可以实现批量系统操作配置
    02.可以实现批量软件服务部署
    03.可以实现批量文件数据分发
    04.可以实现批量系统信息收集,资产管理

    二ansible批量管理服务特点


    01.管理端不需要启动服务程序(no server)
    02.管理端不需要编写配置文件(/etc/ansible/ansible.cfg)
    03.受控端不需要安装软件程序(libselinux-python)
    04.受控端不需要启动服务程序(no agent)
    05.服务程序管理操作模块众多(module)
    06.利用剧本编写来实现自动化(playbook)

    三批量管理软件安装部暑过程

    [root@manager ~]# yum install   -y ansible
    Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
    Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
     * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
     * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
     * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
    base                                                   | 3.6 kB     00:00     
    epel                                                   | 5.4 kB     00:00     
    extras                                                 | 2.9 kB     00:00     
    updates                                                | 2.9 kB     00:00     
    (1/2): epel/x86_64/updateinfo                            | 1.0 MB   00:01     
    (2/2): epel/x86_64/primary_db                            | 6.9 MB   00:02     
    Package ansible-2.9.2-1.el7.noarch already installed and latest version
    Nothing to do



    涉及到的组件非常多

    [root@manager ~]# rpm  -ql  ansible   |  wc
      17280   17280 1446145
    [root@manager ~]# rpm  -ql  ansible   |  head
    /etc/ansible
    /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg
    /etc/ansible/hosts
    /etc/ansible/roles
    /usr/bin/ansible
    /usr/bin/ansible-2
    /usr/bin/ansible-2.7
    /usr/bin/ansible-config
    /usr/bin/ansible-connection
    /usr/bin/ansible-console
    [root@manager ~]# rpm  -ql  ansible   |  tail
    /usr/share/doc/ansible-2.9.2/README.rst
    /usr/share/man/man1/ansible-config.1.gz
    /usr/share/man/man1/ansible-console.1.gz
    /usr/share/man/man1/ansible-doc.1.gz
    /usr/share/man/man1/ansible-galaxy.1.gz
    /usr/share/man/man1/ansible-inventory.1.gz
    /usr/share/man/man1/ansible-playbook.1.gz
    /usr/share/man/man1/ansible-pull.1.gz
    /usr/share/man/man1/ansible-vault.1.gz
    /usr/share/man/man1/ansible.1.gz
    [root@manager ~]# 

    查看ansible的版本

    版本很重要,因为有些服务的版本可能隔一段时间就会发生变化,相关的功能也会变化

    [root@manager ~]# ansible  --version
    ansible 2.9.2
      config file = /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg
      configured module search path = [u'/root/.ansible/plugins/modules', u'/usr/share/ansible/plugins/modules']
      ansible python module location = /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/ansible
      executable location = /usr/bin/ansible
      python version = 2.7.5 (default, Oct 30 2018, 23:45:53) [GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-36)]

    注意只能使用长格式查看

    [root@manager ~]# ansible  -V
    usage: ansible [-h] [--version] [-v] [-b] [--become-method BECOME_METHOD]
                   [--become-user BECOME_USER] [-K] [-i INVENTORY] [--list-hosts]
                   [-l SUBSET] [-P POLL_INTERVAL] [-B SECONDS] [-o] [-t TREE] [-k]
                   [--private-key PRIVATE_KEY_FILE] [-u REMOTE_USER]
                   [-c CONNECTION] [-T TIMEOUT]
                   [--ssh-common-args SSH_COMMON_ARGS]
                   [--sftp-extra-args SFTP_EXTRA_ARGS]
                   [--scp-extra-args SCP_EXTRA_ARGS]
                   [--ssh-extra-args SSH_EXTRA_ARGS] [-C] [--syntax-check] [-D]
                   [-e EXTRA_VARS] [--vault-id VAULT_IDS]
                   [--ask-vault-pass | --vault-password-file VAULT_PASSWORD_FILES]
                   [-f FORKS] [-M MODULE_PATH] [--playbook-dir BASEDIR]
                   [-a MODULE_ARGS] [-m MODULE_NAME]
                   pattern
    ansible: error: too few arguments
    [root@manager ~]# ansible  -v
    usage: ansible [-h] [--version] [-v] [-b] [--become-method BECOME_METHOD]
                   [--become-user BECOME_USER] [-K] [-i INVENTORY] [--list-hosts]
                   [-l SUBSET] [-P POLL_INTERVAL] [-B SECONDS] [-o] [-t TREE] [-k]
                   [--private-key PRIVATE_KEY_FILE] [-u REMOTE_USER]
                   [-c CONNECTION] [-T TIMEOUT]
                   [--ssh-common-args SSH_COMMON_ARGS]
                   [--sftp-extra-args SFTP_EXTRA_ARGS]
                   [--scp-extra-args SCP_EXTRA_ARGS]
                   [--ssh-extra-args SSH_EXTRA_ARGS] [-C] [--syntax-check] [-D]
                   [-e EXTRA_VARS] [--vault-id VAULT_IDS]
                   [--ask-vault-pass | --vault-password-file VAULT_PASSWORD_FILES]
                   [-f FORKS] [-M MODULE_PATH] [--playbook-dir BASEDIR]
                   [-a MODULE_ARGS] [-m MODULE_NAME]
                   pattern
    ansible: error: too few arguments

     ansible软件学习说明:
    1) 掌握ansible主机清单配置:  指定ansible程序可以批量管理哪些主机
           https://docs.ansible.com/ansible/latest/user_guide/intro_inventory.html
    2) 掌握ansible常用功能模块:  实现批量管理功能模块
           https://docs.ansible.com/ansible/latest/modules/modules_by_category.html
    3) 掌握ansible剧本编写方法:  实现自动化批量管理功能
           https://docs.ansible.com/ansible/latest/user_guide/playbooks.html

    四网站主机清单配置

    (一)方式一:直接在配置文件/etc/ansible/hosts写入主机地址

    [root@manager ~]# tail  /etc/ansible/hosts
    
    # Here's another example of host ranges, this time there are no
    # leading 0s:
    
    ## db-[99:101]-node.example.com
    
    172.16.1.7
    172.16.1.8
    172.16.1.31
    172.16.1.41

    m表示module

    [root@manager ~]# ansible  --help  |  grep  "-m "
                   [-a MODULE_ARGS] [-m MODULE_NAME]
      -m MODULE_NAME, --module-name MODULE_NAME

    在命令行检测

    ping 模块:测试主机之间的连通性

    参考:https://docs.ansible.com/ansible/latest/modules/ping_module.html#ping-module

    [root@manager ~]# ansible  all -m  ping
    172.16.1.41 | SUCCESS => {
        "ansible_facts": {
            "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
        }, 
        "changed": false, 
        "ping": "pong"
    }
    172.16.1.7 | SUCCESS => {
        "ansible_facts": {
            "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
        }, 
        "changed": false, 
        "ping": "pong"
    }
    172.16.1.31 | SUCCESS => {
        "ansible_facts": {
            "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
        }, 
        "changed": false, 
        "ping": "pong"
    }
    172.16.1.8 | SUCCESS => {
        "ansible_facts": {
            "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
        }, 
        "changed": false, 
        "ping": "pong"
    }
    [root@manager ~]# ansible   172.16.1.8  -m    ping
    172.16.1.8 | SUCCESS => {
        "ansible_facts": {
            "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
        }, 
        "changed": false, 
        "ping": "pong"
    }
    [root@manager ~]# ansible   172.16.1.7  -m    ping
    172.16.1.7 | SUCCESS => {
        "ansible_facts": {
            "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
        }, 
        "changed": false, 
        "ping": "pong"
    }
    [root@manager ~]# ansible   172.16.1.31  -m    ping
    172.16.1.31 | SUCCESS => {
        "ansible_facts": {
            "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
        }, 
        "changed": false, 
        "ping": "pong"
    }
    [root@manager ~]# ansible   172.16.1.41  -m    ping
    172.16.1.41 | SUCCESS => {
        "ansible_facts": {
            "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
        }, 
        "changed": false, 
        "ping": "pong"
    }
    [root@manager ~]# 

    注意命令的顺序不能写错的

    [root@manager ~]# ansible  -m  172.16.1.7 ping
    [WARNING]: Could not match supplied host pattern, ignoring: ping
    
    [WARNING]: No hosts matched, nothing to do
    
    [root@manager ~]# ansible  -m  172.16.1.8   ping
    [WARNING]: Could not match supplied host pattern, ignoring: ping
    
    [WARNING]: No hosts matched, nothing to do
    
    [root@manager ~]# 

    (二)方式二:基于密码方式进行配置

    参考官网,比较麻烦

    把公钥删除,这是在受控端没有管理端的公钥的情况下配置的

    以备份服务器为受控端

    [root@nfs01 ~]# ip  a
    1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
        link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
        inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
        inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
        link/ether 00:0c:29:b9:d6:60 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
        inet 10.0.0.31/24 brd 10.0.0.255 scope global noprefixroute eth0
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
        inet6 fe80::d2e4:6879:ac85:c625/64 scope link tentative noprefixroute dadfailed 
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
        inet6 fe80::8c8d:c31b:a121:ca62/64 scope link tentative noprefixroute dadfailed 
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
        inet6 fe80::9d5f:63cb:4c46:8ce7/64 scope link noprefixroute 
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
        link/ether 00:0c:29:b9:d6:6a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
        inet 172.16.1.31/24 brd 172.16.1.255 scope global noprefixroute eth1
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
        inet6 fe80::e654:55e2:8c88:ecfb/64 scope link tentative noprefixroute dadfailed 
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
        inet6 fe80::5e65:529b:4fae:7fc3/64 scope link tentative noprefixroute dadfailed 
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
        inet6 fe80::787b:a3a1:ead:b12e/64 scope link noprefixroute 
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    [root@nfs01 ~]# ls  /root/.ssh/
    authorized_keys
    [root@nfs01 ~]# ll  /root/.ssh/
    -bash: ll: command not found
    [root@nfs01 ~]# ls  -l  /root/.ssh/  
    total 4
    -rw------- 1 root root 394 Jan 16 22:47 authorized_keys
    [root@nfs01 ~]# cat  /root/.ssh/authorized_keys 
    ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQDhE06kiM6UKlnZqGPBahZuAgq+LHdSssZrInWpkecC5buh2RRzl2NOiXCWNhEIwNgIJjLGsnITrTOyRsOel94oUYHR4iSPPhAe8yVuTZA8fS9ti1goIKt6/UYhi6bbNmFiqWPlSq1EIgpNvlWaDjHIchdIHR/lbgP3Wjg2PPI2QtzR5/SZJOI0g/GTJw1FDGXpYUlz608YTo79tl15zUAGT5rLiu5ugXY28HGQbPru5xA+BQZyzKu4jInllM8WzLimpFb7WX8HagwSU2S/Hx2+HSzEbMHXqz0tm8WbQogEO78gv0cJ6USq8vyc1ueq/Jn27gDu3ygPXtcSCn0XKpZJ root@manager
    [root@manager ~]# tail -1  /etc/ansible/hosts 
    172.16.1.31
    [root@manager ~]#  ansible  172.16.1.31 -m  ping
    172.16.1.31 | SUCCESS => {
        "ansible_facts": {
            "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
        }, 
        "changed": false, 
        "ping": "pong"
    }

    删除受控端的管理端对应的公钥

    [root@nfs01 ~]# rm  -f  /root/.ssh/authorized_keys
    [root@nfs01 ~]# ls  /root/.ssh/authorized_keys
    ls: cannot access /root/.ssh/authorized_keys: No such file or directory

    此时管理端要输入密码才可以登录到受控端

    [root@manager ~]# ssh  172.16.1.31
    root@172.16.1.31's password: 
    Last login: Sun Jan 26 17:30:17 2020 from 172.16.1.61
    [root@nfs01 ~]# exit 
    logout
    Connection to 172.16.1.31 closed.

    修改配置文件并且进行

    [root@manager ~]# tail -1  /etc/ansible/hosts 
    172.16.1.31  ansible_user=root  ansible_password=123456  ansible_port=22
    [root@manager ~]#  ansible  172.16.1.31 -m  ping
    172.16.1.31 | SUCCESS => {
        "ansible_facts": {
            "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
        }, 
        "changed": false, 
        "ping": "pong"
    }

     

    (三)方式三: 采用主机组方式配置

    分组进行操作,和班级进行分组管理一样,管理起来更加方便

    [root@manager ~]# tail  /etc/ansible/hosts
    
    ## db-[99:101]-node.example.com
    
    [web]
    172.16.1.7
    172.16.1.8
    [nfs]
    172.16.1.31
    [backup]
    172.16.1.41

    执行命令

    [root@manager ~]# ansible   web  -m    ping
    172.16.1.7 | SUCCESS => {
        "ansible_facts": {
            "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
        }, 
        "changed": false, 
        "ping": "pong"
    }
    172.16.1.8 | SUCCESS => {
        "ansible_facts": {
            "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
        }, 
        "changed": false, 
        "ping": "pong"
    }
    [root@manager ~]# ansible   nfs  -m    ping
    172.16.1.31 | SUCCESS => {
        "ansible_facts": {
            "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
        }, 
        "changed": false, 
        "ping": "pong"
    }
    [root@manager ~]# ansible   backup  -m    ping
    172.16.1.41 | SUCCESS => {
        "ansible_facts": {
            "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
        }, 
        "changed": false, 
        "ping": "pong"
    }
    
     

    主机子组配置,对组进行管理

    [root@manager ~]# tail   -15   /etc/ansible/hosts
    # leading 0s:
    
    ## db-[99:101]-node.example.com
    
    [client:children]
    web
    nfs
    backup
    [web]
    172.16.1.7
    172.16.1.8
    [nfs]
    172.16.1.31
    [backup]
    172.16.1.41

     执行命令

    [root@manager ~]# ansible   client   -m    ping
    172.16.1.31 | SUCCESS => {
        "ansible_facts": {
            "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
        }, 
        "changed": false, 
        "ping": "pong"
    }
    172.16.1.7 | SUCCESS => {
        "ansible_facts": {
            "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
        }, 
        "changed": false, 
        "ping": "pong"
    }
    172.16.1.8 | SUCCESS => {
        "ansible_facts": {
            "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
        }, 
        "changed": false, 
        "ping": "pong"
    }
    172.16.1.41 | SUCCESS => {
        "ansible_facts": {
            "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
        }, 
        "changed": false, 
        "ping": "pong"
    }

    (四)方式四:采用匹配方式配置主机信息

     [7:20]表示IP地址最后一位为7到20的主机

    [root@manager ~]# tail  -1    /etc/ansible/hosts
    172.16.1.[7:20]

    执行命令

    31,41没有匹配

    [root@manager ~]# ansible   172.16.1.7  -m    ping
    172.16.1.7 | SUCCESS => {
        "ansible_facts": {
            "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
        }, 
        "changed": false, 
        "ping": "pong"
    }
    [root@manager ~]# ansible   172.16.1.8  -m    ping
    172.16.1.8 | SUCCESS => {
        "ansible_facts": {
            "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
        }, 
        "changed": false, 
        "ping": "pong"
    }
    [root@manager ~]# ansible   172.16.1.31  -m    ping
    [WARNING]: Could not match supplied host pattern, ignoring: 172.16.1.31
    
    [WARNING]: No hosts matched, nothing to do
    
    [root@manager ~]# ansible   172.16.1.41  -m    ping
    [WARNING]: Could not match supplied host pattern, ignoring: 172.16.1.41
    
    [WARNING]: No hosts matched, nothing to do
    [root@manager ~]# tail  -1    /etc/ansible/hosts
    172.16.1.[1:20]
    [root@manager ~]# ansible   172.16.1.7  -m    ping
    172.16.1.7 | SUCCESS => {
        "ansible_facts": {
            "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
        }, 
        "changed": false, 
        "ping": "pong"
    }
    [root@manager ~]# ansible   172.16.1.8  -m    ping
    172.16.1.8 | SUCCESS => {
        "ansible_facts": {
            "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
        }, 
        "changed": false, 
        "ping": "pong"
    }
    [root@manager ~]# ansible   172.16.1.31  -m    ping
    [WARNING]: Could not match supplied host pattern, ignoring: 172.16.1.31
    
    [WARNING]: No hosts matched, nothing to do
    
    [root@manager ~]# ansible   172.16.1.41  -m    ping
    [WARNING]: Could not match supplied host pattern, ignoring: 172.16.1.41
    
    [WARNING]: No hosts matched, nothing to do

    五批量管理服务应用方法


    批量管理命令语法结构:

    ansible      管理主机信息/主机组信息    -m    模块名称    -a     "模块参数"

    [root@manager ~]# tail     /etc/ansible/hosts
    
    # Here's another example of host ranges, this time there are no
    # leading 0s:
    
    ## db-[99:101]-node.example.com
    [client]
    172.16.1.7
    172.16.1.8
    172.16.1.31
    172.16.1.41

    (一)command模块 (默认)

    [root@manager ~]# ansible client  -a  "free -h"
    172.16.1.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
                  total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
    Mem:           972M        138M        591M        7.7M        242M        651M
    Swap:          1.5G          0B        1.5G
    
    172.16.1.31 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
                  total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
    Mem:           972M        140M        642M        7.7M        189M        647M
    Swap:          1.5G          0B        1.5G
    
    172.16.1.41 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
                  total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
    Mem:           972M        136M        673M        7.7M        162M        665M
    Swap:          1.5G          0B        1.5G
    
    172.16.1.8 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
                  total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
    Mem:           972M        140M        662M        7.7M        169M        657M
    Swap:          1.5G          0B        1.5G
    [root@manager ~]# ansible client -m  shell   -a  "rm  -rf  /tmp/*"
    [WARNING]: Consider using the file module with state=absent rather than running
    'rm'.  If you need to use command because file is insufficient you can add 'warn:
    false' to this command task or set 'command_warnings=False' in ansible.cfg to get
    rid of this message.
    
    172.16.1.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    
    
    172.16.1.8 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    
    
    172.16.1.31 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    
    
    172.16.1.41 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    
    
    [root@manager ~]# ansible client -m  shell   -a  "ls  /tmp/*"
    172.16.1.8 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    ansible_command_payload.zip
    
    172.16.1.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    ansible_command_payload.zip
    
    172.16.1.41 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    ansible_command_payload.zip
    
    172.16.1.31 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    ansible_command_payload.zip
    [root@manager ~]# ansible client -m  command   -a  "pwd"
    172.16.1.41 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    /root
    
    172.16.1.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    /root
    
    172.16.1.8 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    /root
    
    172.16.1.31 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    /root

    模块参数:chdir:  在执行批量管理命令时, 先进行目录切换        

    [root@manager ~]# ansible   client  -m   command   -a  "chdir=/tmp pwd"
    172.16.1.41 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    /tmp
    
    172.16.1.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    /tmp
    
    172.16.1.31 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    /tmp
    
    172.16.1.8 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    /tmp

    creates: 判断指定文件是否存在, 如果不存在,就执行后面命令;存在就不执行后面命令

    和判断语句类似

    [root@manager ~]# ansible client -m  command   -a  "creates=/tmp/happy.txt  touch /tmp/happy.txt"
    [WARNING]: Consider using the file module with state=touch rather than running
    'touch'.  If you need to use command because file is insufficient you can add 'warn:
    false' to this command task or set 'command_warnings=False' in ansible.cfg to get
    rid of this message.
    
    172.16.1.31 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    
    
    172.16.1.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    
    
    172.16.1.41 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    
    
    172.16.1.8 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    [root@manager ~]# ansible client -m  command   -a  "chdir=/tmp ls"
    172.16.1.41 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    ansible_command_payload_dKZhze
    happy.txt
    
    172.16.1.8 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    ansible_command_payload_0Y2P6b
    happy.txt
    
    172.16.1.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    ansible_command_payload_sagI1X
    happy.txt
    
    172.16.1.31 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    ansible_command_payload_1XAqCp
    happy.txt

    再次执行会跳过了

    [root@manager ~]# ansible client -m  command   -a  "creates=/tmp/happy.txt  touch /tmp/happy.txt"
    172.16.1.31 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
    skipped, since /tmp/happy.txt exists
    
    172.16.1.8 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
    skipped, since /tmp/happy.txt exists
    
    172.16.1.7 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
    skipped, since /tmp/happy.txt exists
    
    172.16.1.41 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
    skipped, since /tmp/happy.txt exists

    批量执行脚本


    第一个步骤:编写脚本
    第二个步骤:将脚本推送到被管理主机上
    第三个步骤:将脚本文件权限进行设置
    第四个步骤:批量执行脚本

     https://docs.ansible.com/ansible/latest/modules/shell_module.html#shell-module

    (二)shell模块(万能模块)

    作用说明:批量执行命令,可以识别特殊符号

    [root@manager ~]#  ansible-doc   --help |  grep  "-s"
                       [-j] [-F | -l | -s | --metadata-dump]
                            prepend colon-separated path(s) to module library (def
      -s, --snippet         Show playbook snippet for specified plugin(s)
    [root@manager ~]# ansible-doc -s  shell
    - name: Execute shell commands on targets
      shell:
          chdir:                 # Change into this directory before running the
                                   command.
          cmd:                   # The command to run followed by optional
                                   arguments.
          creates:               # A filename, when it already exists, this step
                                   will *not* be
                                   run.
          executable:            # Change the shell used to execute the command.
                                   This expects an
                                   absolute path to
                                   the executable.
          free_form:             # The shell module takes a free form command to
                                   run, as a string.
                                   There is no
                                   actual parameter
                                   named 'free
                                   form'. See the
                                   examples on how
                                   to use this
                                   module.
          removes:               # A filename, when it does not exist, this step
                                   will *not* be
                                   run.
          stdin:                 # Set the stdin of the command directly to the
                                   specified value.
          stdin_add_newline:     # Whether to append a newline to stdin data.
          warn:                  # Whether to enable task warnings.
    (END)

    把管理端的脚本传输到受控端的目录里面

    先查看目录是否存在

    [root@manager ~]# ansible  client  -m  shell  -a  "ls  -d  /shell_scripts"
    172.16.1.8 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    /shell_scripts
    
    172.16.1.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    /shell_scripts
    
    172.16.1.31 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    /shell_scripts
    
    172.16.1.41 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    /shell_scripts

    正式进行文件传输

    [root@manager ~]# time   ansible  client  -m  copy    -a  'src=/shell_scripts/install.sh  dest=/shell_scripts'
    172.16.1.41 | SUCCESS => {
        "ansible_facts": {
            "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
        }, 
        "changed": false, 
        "checksum": "d8930d18657635c362456d4e25091679006031e8", 
        "dest": "/shell_scripts/install.sh", 
        "gid": 0, 
        "group": "root", 
        "mode": "0755", 
        "owner": "root", 
        "path": "/shell_scripts/install.sh", 
        "size": 36, 
        "state": "file", 
        "uid": 0
    }
    172.16.1.7 | SUCCESS => {
        "ansible_facts": {
            "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
        }, 
        "changed": false, 
        "checksum": "d8930d18657635c362456d4e25091679006031e8", 
        "dest": "/shell_scripts/install.sh", 
        "gid": 0, 
        "group": "root", 
        "mode": "0644", 
        "owner": "root", 
        "path": "/shell_scripts/install.sh", 
        "size": 36, 
        "state": "file", 
        "uid": 0
    }
    172.16.1.31 | SUCCESS => {
        "ansible_facts": {
            "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
        }, 
        "changed": false, 
        "checksum": "d8930d18657635c362456d4e25091679006031e8", 
        "dest": "/shell_scripts/install.sh", 
        "gid": 0, 
        "group": "root", 
        "mode": "0755", 
        "owner": "root", 
        "path": "/shell_scripts/install.sh", 
        "size": 36, 
        "state": "file", 
        "uid": 0
    }
    172.16.1.8 | SUCCESS => {
        "ansible_facts": {
            "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
        }, 
        "changed": false, 
        "checksum": "d8930d18657635c362456d4e25091679006031e8", 
        "dest": "/shell_scripts/install.sh", 
        "gid": 0, 
        "group": "root", 
        "mode": "0644", 
        "owner": "root", 
        "path": "/shell_scripts/install.sh", 
        "size": 36, 
        "state": "file", 
        "uid": 0
    }
    
    real    0m3.154s
    user    0m1.955s
    sys    0m1.333s

    查看脚本文件的属性

    注意无法省略-,否则会报错

    [root@manager ~]# ansible  client  -a  "ll    /shell_scripts/install.sh"
    172.16.1.41 | FAILED | rc=2 >>
    [Errno 2] No such file or directory
    
    172.16.1.31 | FAILED | rc=2 >>
    [Errno 2] No such file or directory
    
    172.16.1.7 | FAILED | rc=2 >>
    [Errno 2] No such file or directory
    
    172.16.1.8 | FAILED | rc=2 >>
    [Errno 2] No such file or directory
    
    [root@manager ~]# ansible  client  -a  "ls  -l    /shell_scripts/install.sh"
    172.16.1.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 36 Jan 27 19:25 /shell_scripts/install.sh
    
    172.16.1.31 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 36 Jan 17 18:10 /shell_scripts/install.sh
    
    172.16.1.8 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 36 Jan 27 19:14 /shell_scripts/install.sh
    
    172.16.1.41 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 36 Jan 17 18:10 /shell_scripts/install.sh

    给文件添加可执行的权限

    [root@manager ~]#  ansible client  -m  shell  -a  'chmod +x  /shell_scripts/install.sh'
    [WARNING]: Consider using the file module with mode rather than running
    'chmod'.  If you need to use command because file is insufficient you can add
    'warn: false' to this command task or set 'command_warnings=False' in
    ansible.cfg to get rid of this message.
    
    172.16.1.8 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    
    
    172.16.1.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    
    
    172.16.1.41 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    
    
    172.16.1.31 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    
    
    [root@manager ~]# ansible  client  -a  "ls  -l    /shell_scripts/install.sh"
    172.16.1.8 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 36 Jan 27 19:14 /shell_scripts/install.sh
    
    172.16.1.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 36 Jan 27 19:25 /shell_scripts/install.sh
    
    172.16.1.41 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 36 Jan 17 18:10 /shell_scripts/install.sh
    
    172.16.1.31 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 36 Jan 17 18:10 /shell_scripts/install.sh

    (三)script模块


    作用说明: 批量执行脚本模块
    使用方法: 编写脚本,批量执行脚本
    [root@manager ~]#  ansible client   -m   shell    -a  "rpm  -qa  iftop"
    [WARNING]: Consider using the yum, dnf or zypper module rather than running
    'rpm'.  If you need to use command because yum, dnf or zypper is insufficient
    you can add 'warn: false' to this command task or set 'command_warnings=False'
    in ansible.cfg to get rid of this message.
    
    172.16.1.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    
    
    172.16.1.31 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    
    
    172.16.1.41 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    
    
    172.16.1.8 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
     
     
     
    [root@manager ~]# cat  /shell_scripts/install.sh
    #!/bin/bash
    yum install  -y  iftop 

    安装软件

    注意可以把安装过程放到黑洞里面

    [root@manager ~]#  ansible client   -m   shell    -a  "yum  install  -y  iftop"  &>/dev/null
     
     

    查看安装结果

     
    可以在前面显示用时时间
    [root@manager ~]# time   ansible client   -m   shell    -a  "rpm  -qa  iftop"
    [WARNING]: Consider using the yum, dnf or zypper module rather than running
    'rpm'.  If you need to use command because yum, dnf or zypper is insufficient
    you can add 'warn: false' to this command task or set 'command_warnings=False'
    in ansible.cfg to get rid of this message.
    
    172.16.1.8 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    iftop-1.0-0.21.pre4.el7.x86_64
    
    172.16.1.41 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    iftop-1.0-0.21.pre4.el7.x86_64
    
    172.16.1.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    iftop-1.0-0.21.pre4.el7.x86_64
    
    172.16.1.31 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    iftop-1.0-0.21.pre4.el7.x86_64
    
    
    real    0m3.081s
    user    0m1.559s
    sys    0m0.966s
     
     
    [root@manager ~]# ansible  client   -m  shell   -a   "/shell_scripts/install.sh" |  grep  "installed"
    Package iftop-1.0-0.21.pre4.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
    Package iftop-1.0-0.21.pre4.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
    Package iftop-1.0-0.21.pre4.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
    Package iftop-1.0-0.21.pre4.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
     
     
     
     

    (四)copy模块


    作用说明:
    1)将管理主机数据批量分发到被管理主机上
    2)将被管理主机数据进行备份

    将数据进行批量分发

    查看文件是否存在

    [root@manager ~]# ansible  client  -m  shell  -a  "ls  /etc/selinux/config"
    172.16.1.31 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    /etc/selinux/config
    
    172.16.1.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    /etc/selinux/config
    
    172.16.1.8 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    /etc/selinux/config
    
    172.16.1.41 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    /etc/selinux/config

    执行过程不显示,因为内容太多了

    [root@manager ~]# ansible client   -m   copy   -a   "src=/etc/selinux/config  dest=/opt"   &>/dev/null
    [root@manager ~]# ansible client      -a   "ls  /opt/config"
    172.16.1.31 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    /opt/config
    
    172.16.1.8 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    /opt/config
    
    172.16.1.41 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    /opt/config
    
    172.16.1.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    /opt/config
    [root@manager ~]# ansible client   -m   shell   -a   "ls  /opt/config"  
    172.16.1.31 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    /opt/config
    
    172.16.1.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    /opt/config
    
    172.16.1.8 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    /opt/config
    
    172.16.1.41 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    /opt/config

    对受控端的主机数据做备份


    模块参数:
    backup:在批量传输文件之前,对源文件进行备份

    注意不建议使用backup模块进行批量备份和还原,因为不能批量还原数据

    mode:     批量分发文件时, 修改文件权限信息
    owner:    批量分发文件时, 修改文件属主信息
    group:    批量分发文件时, 修改文件属组信息


    backup:在批量传输文件之前,对源文件进行备份

    查看受控端目录的内容

    [root@manager ~]# ansible  client  -m  shell  -a  "rm  -rf /opt/*"
    [WARNING]: Consider using the file module with state=absent rather than running
    'rm'.  If you need to use command because file is insufficient you can add
    'warn: false' to this command task or set 'command_warnings=False' in
    ansible.cfg to get rid of this message.
    
    172.16.1.8 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    
    
    172.16.1.31 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    
    
    172.16.1.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    
    
    172.16.1.41 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    
    
    [root@manager ~]# ansible  client  -m  shell  -a  "ls /opt"
    172.16.1.8 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    
    
    172.16.1.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    
    
    172.16.1.31 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    
    
    172.16.1.41 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>

    把管道端的文件传输到受控端

    [root@manager ~]# ansible client  -m    copy    -a  "src=/tmp/hahha.txt  dest=/opt"

    已经成功传输到受控端

    [root@manager ~]# ansible client  -m    copy    -a  "src=/tmp/hahha.txt  dest=/opt"  &>/dev/null  && echo  $?
    0
    [root@manager ~]# ansible client  -m    shell    -a  "ls  -l   /opt"  
    172.16.1.31 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    total 4
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 36 Jan 28 13:26 hahha.txt
    
    172.16.1.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    total 4
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 36 Jan 28 13:26 hahha.txt
    
    172.16.1.41 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    total 4
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 36 Jan 28 13:26 hahha.txt
    
    172.16.1.8 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    total 4
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 36 Jan 28 13:26 hahha.txt

    在管理端对同名文件的内容进行修改

    [root@manager ~]# ls  /tmp/hahha.txt 
    /tmp/hahha.txt
    [root@manager ~]# ll  /tmp/hahha.txt 
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 36 Jan 27 20:20 /tmp/hahha.txt
    [root@manager ~]# cat   /tmp/hahha.txt 
    hahhahah
    hahhahah
    hahhahah
    hahhahah
    [root@manager ~]# vim  /tmp/hahha.txt
    hahhahah
    wuwuwuwu
    hahhahah
    wuwuwuwu
    hahhahah
    xixixixi
    hahhahah
    hehehehe
    ~                                                                             
    ~                                                                             
    ~                                                                             
    ~                                                                             
    ~                                                                             
    ~                                                                             
    ~                                                                             
    ~                                                                             
    "/tmp/hahha.txt" 8L, 72C written                            
    [root@manager ~]# cat   /tmp/hahha.txt 
    hahhahah
    wuwuwuwu
    hahhahah
    wuwuwuwu
    hahhahah
    xixixixi
    hahhahah
    hehehehe
    [root@manager ~]# ll  /tmp/hahha.txt 
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 72 Jan 28 13:29 /tmp/hahha.txt

    再次对同名文件进行远程传输,传输到受控端并且进行备份

    [root@manager ~]# ansible client  -m    copy    -a  "src=/tmp/hahha.txt  dest=/opt  backup=yes"   &>/dev/null  && echo  $?
    0
    [root@manager ~]# ansible client  -m    shell    -a  "ls  -l   /opt"  
    172.16.1.8 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    total 8
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 72 Jan 28 13:36 hahha.txt
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 36 Jan 28 13:26 hahha.txt.8057.2020-01-28@13:36:44~
    
    172.16.1.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    total 8
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 72 Jan 28 13:36 hahha.txt
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 36 Jan 28 13:26 hahha.txt.7946.2020-01-28@13:36:44~
    
    172.16.1.31 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    total 8
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 72 Jan 28 13:36 hahha.txt
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 36 Jan 28 13:26 hahha.txt.7804.2020-01-28@13:36:45~
    
    172.16.1.41 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    total 8
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 72 Jan 28 13:36 hahha.txt
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 36 Jan 28 13:26 hahha.txt.7835.2020-01-28@13:36:44~
    
    [root@manager ~]# 

    显示刚刚传输的文件内容

    [root@manager ~]# ansible client  -m    shell    -a  "cat  /opt/hahha.txt"  
    172.16.1.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    hahhahah
    wuwuwuwu
    hahhahah
    wuwuwuwu
    hahhahah
    xixixixi
    hahhahah
    hehehehe
    
    172.16.1.8 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    hahhahah
    wuwuwuwu
    hahhahah
    wuwuwuwu
    hahhahah
    xixixixi
    hahhahah
    hehehehe
    
    172.16.1.41 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    hahhahah
    wuwuwuwu
    hahhahah
    wuwuwuwu
    hahhahah
    xixixixi
    hahhahah
    hehehehe
    
    172.16.1.31 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    hahhahah
    wuwuwuwu
    hahhahah
    wuwuwuwu
    hahhahah
    xixixixi
    hahhahah
    hehehehe

    显示全部传输的文件内容

    [root@manager ~]# ansible client  -m    shell    -a  "cat  /opt/hahha.txt*"  
    172.16.1.31 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    hahhahah
    wuwuwuwu
    hahhahah
    wuwuwuwu
    hahhahah
    xixixixi
    hahhahah
    hehehehe
    hahhahah
    hahhahah
    hahhahah
    hahhahah
    
    172.16.1.41 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    hahhahah
    wuwuwuwu
    hahhahah
    wuwuwuwu
    hahhahah
    xixixixi
    hahhahah
    hehehehe
    hahhahah
    hahhahah
    hahhahah
    hahhahah
    
    172.16.1.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    hahhahah
    wuwuwuwu
    hahhahah
    wuwuwuwu
    hahhahah
    xixixixi
    hahhahah
    hehehehe
    hahhahah
    hahhahah
    hahhahah
    hahhahah
    
    172.16.1.8 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    hahhahah
    wuwuwuwu
    hahhahah
    wuwuwuwu
    hahhahah
    xixixixi
    hahhahah
    hehehehe
    hahhahah
    hahhahah
    hahhahah
    hahhahah
    [root@manager ~]# ansible client  -m    shell    -a  "diff   /opt/*"  
    172.16.1.8 | FAILED | rc=1 >>
    2d1
    < wuwuwuwu
    4d2
    < wuwuwuwu
    6d3
    < xixixixi
    8d4
    < hehehehenon-zero return code
    
    172.16.1.31 | FAILED | rc=1 >>
    2d1
    < wuwuwuwu
    4d2
    < wuwuwuwu
    6d3
    < xixixixi
    8d4
    < hehehehenon-zero return code
    
    172.16.1.41 | FAILED | rc=1 >>
    2d1
    < wuwuwuwu
    4d2
    < wuwuwuwu
    6d3
    < xixixixi
    8d4
    < hehehehenon-zero return code
    
    172.16.1.7 | FAILED | rc=1 >>
    2d1
    < wuwuwuwu
    4d2
    < wuwuwuwu
    6d3
    < xixixixi
    8d4
    < hehehehenon-zero return code

    再次对同名文件进行远程传输,传输到受控端不进行备份

    注意文件内容和属性没有变化,包括修改时间

    [root@manager ~]# ansible client  -m    copy    -a  "src=/tmp/hahha.txt  dest=/opt"   &>/dev/null  && echo  $?
    0
    [root@manager ~]# ansible  client  -m    copy    -a  "ls  -l  /opt/hahha.txt"  
    ERROR! this task 'copy' has extra params, which is only allowed in the following modules: shell, win_shell, include_vars, add_host, raw, include_role, meta, set_fact, include, import_tasks, script, import_role, include_tasks, group_by, command, win_command
    [root@manager ~]# ansible  client   -a  "ls  -l  /opt/hahha.txt"  
    172.16.1.31 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 72 Jan 28 13:36 /opt/hahha.txt
    
    172.16.1.41 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 72 Jan 28 13:36 /opt/hahha.txt
    
    172.16.1.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 72 Jan 28 13:36 /opt/hahha.txt
    
    172.16.1.8 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 72 Jan 28 13:36 /opt/hahha.txt
    
    [root@manager ~]# 
    [root@manager ~]# ansible  client   -a  "date"  
    172.16.1.8 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    Tue Jan 28 14:15:11 CST 2020
    
    172.16.1.41 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    Tue Jan 28 14:15:11 CST 2020
    
    172.16.1.31 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    Tue Jan 28 14:15:11 CST 2020
    
    172.16.1.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    Tue Jan 28 14:15:11 CST 2020

    对文件内容进行修改,再次对同名文件进行远程传输,传输到受控端不进行备份

    [root@manager ~]# cat    /tmp/hahha.txt 
    AAAAAAAAA
    BBBBBBBBB
    CCCCCCCCC
    DDDDDDDDD
    EEEEEEEEE
    FFFFFFFFF
    [root@manager ~]# ll   /tmp/hahha.txt 
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 60 Jan 28 14:17 /tmp/hahha.txt
    [root@manager ~]# ansible  client  -m  shell  -a  "ls  -l  /opt/hahha.txt*"  
    172.16.1.31 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 72 Jan 28 13:36 /opt/hahha.txt
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 36 Jan 28 13:26 /opt/hahha.txt.7804.2020-01-28@13:36:45~
    
    172.16.1.41 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 72 Jan 28 13:36 /opt/hahha.txt
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 36 Jan 28 13:26 /opt/hahha.txt.7835.2020-01-28@13:36:44~
    
    172.16.1.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 72 Jan 28 13:36 /opt/hahha.txt
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 36 Jan 28 13:26 /opt/hahha.txt.7946.2020-01-28@13:36:44~
    
    172.16.1.8 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 72 Jan 28 13:36 /opt/hahha.txt
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 36 Jan 28 13:26 /opt/hahha.txt.8057.2020-01-28@13:36:44~

    同名文件内容被覆盖了

    [root@manager ~]# ansible client  -m    copy    -a  "src=/tmp/hahha.txt  dest=/opt"   &>/dev/null  && echo  $?
    0
    [root@manager ~]# ansible  client  -m  shell  -a  "ls  -l  /opt/hahha.txt*"  
    172.16.1.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 60 Jan 28 14:19 /opt/hahha.txt
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 36 Jan 28 13:26 /opt/hahha.txt.7946.2020-01-28@13:36:44~
    
    172.16.1.41 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 60 Jan 28 14:19 /opt/hahha.txt
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 36 Jan 28 13:26 /opt/hahha.txt.7835.2020-01-28@13:36:44~
    
    172.16.1.31 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 60 Jan 28 14:19 /opt/hahha.txt
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 36 Jan 28 13:26 /opt/hahha.txt.7804.2020-01-28@13:36:45~
    
    172.16.1.8 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 60 Jan 28 14:19 /opt/hahha.txt
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 36 Jan 28 13:26 /opt/hahha.txt.8057.2020-01-28@13:36:44~
    [root@manager ~]# ansible  client  -a  "cat  /opt/hahha.txt"  
    172.16.1.31 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    AAAAAAAAA
    BBBBBBBBB
    CCCCCCCCC
    DDDDDDDDD
    EEEEEEEEE
    FFFFFFFFF
    
    172.16.1.41 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    AAAAAAAAA
    BBBBBBBBB
    CCCCCCCCC
    DDDDDDDDD
    EEEEEEEEE
    FFFFFFFFF
    
    172.16.1.8 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    AAAAAAAAA
    BBBBBBBBB
    CCCCCCCCC
    DDDDDDDDD
    EEEEEEEEE
    FFFFFFFFF
    
    172.16.1.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    AAAAAAAAA
    BBBBBBBBB
    CCCCCCCCC
    DDDDDDDDD
    EEEEEEEEE
    FFFFFFFFF

    mode: 批量分发文件时, 修改文件权限信息

    [root@manager ~]# ll  /tmp/hahha.txt 
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 72 Jan 28 13:29 /tmp/hahha.txt
    [root@manager ~]# ansible  client  -m  copy  -a  "src=/tmp/hahha.txt  dest=/tmp  mode=400"  &>/dev/null  &&  echo  $?
    0
    [root@manager ~]#
    [root@manager ~]# ansible client  -m    shell    -a  "ls  -l  /tmp/hahha.txt"  
    172.16.1.31 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    -r-------- 1 root root 72 Jan 28 13:43 /tmp/hahha.txt
    
    172.16.1.8 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    -r-------- 1 root root 72 Jan 28 13:43 /tmp/hahha.txt
    
    172.16.1.41 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    -r-------- 1 root root 72 Jan 28 13:43 /tmp/hahha.txt
    
    172.16.1.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    -r-------- 1 root root 72 Jan 28 13:43 /tmp/hahha.txt

    owner: 批量分发文件时, 修改文件属主信息

    注意此属主为受控端的属主,管理端的无效

    [root@manager ~]# ansible client  -m    shell    -a  "id  zhao"  
    172.16.1.8 | FAILED | rc=1 >>
    id: zhao: no such usernon-zero return code
    
    172.16.1.41 | FAILED | rc=1 >>
    id: zhao: no such usernon-zero return code
    
    172.16.1.7 | FAILED | rc=1 >>
    id: zhao: no such usernon-zero return code
    
    172.16.1.31 | FAILED | rc=1 >>
    id: zhao: no such usernon-zero return code
    
    [root@manager ~]# id  zhao
    uid=1040(zhao) gid=1040(zhao) groups=1040(zhao)
    
    [root@manager ~]# ansible client  -m    shell    -a  "ls  -l  /tmp/hahha.txt"  
    172.16.1.31 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    -r-------- 1 root root 72 Jan 28 13:43 /tmp/hahha.txt
    
    172.16.1.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    -r-------- 1 root root 72 Jan 28 13:43 /tmp/hahha.txt
    
    172.16.1.8 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    -r-------- 1 root root 72 Jan 28 13:43 /tmp/hahha.txt
    
    172.16.1.41 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    -r-------- 1 root root 72 Jan 28 13:43 /tmp/hahha.txt

    属主不变

    [root@manager ~]# ansible  client  -m  copy  -a  "src=/tmp/hahha.txt  dest=/tmp  owner=zhao"  &>/dev/null  &&  echo  $?
    [root@manager ~]# ansible client  -m    shell    -a  "ls  -l  /tmp/hahha.txt"  
    172.16.1.31 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    -r-------- 1 root root 72 Jan 28 13:43 /tmp/hahha.txt
    
    172.16.1.41 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    -r-------- 1 root root 72 Jan 28 13:43 /tmp/hahha.txt
    
    172.16.1.8 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    -r-------- 1 root root 72 Jan 28 13:43 /tmp/hahha.txt
    
    172.16.1.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    -r-------- 1 root root 72 Jan 28 13:43 /tmp/hahha.txt

    在受控端创建要修改的属主

    [root@manager ~]# ansible client  -m    shell    -a  "id  zhao"  
    172.16.1.31 | FAILED | rc=1 >>
    id: zhao: no such usernon-zero return code
    
    172.16.1.8 | FAILED | rc=1 >>
    id: zhao: no such usernon-zero return code
    
    172.16.1.41 | FAILED | rc=1 >>
    id: zhao: no such usernon-zero return code
    
    172.16.1.7 | FAILED | rc=1 >>
    id: zhao: no such usernon-zero return code
    
    [root@manager ~]# ansible client  -m    shell    -a  "useradd  zhao"  
    172.16.1.31 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    
    
    172.16.1.41 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    
    
    172.16.1.8 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    
    
    172.16.1.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    
    
    [root@manager ~]# ansible client  -m    shell    -a  "id  zhao"  
    172.16.1.31 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    uid=2004(zhao) gid=2004(zhao) groups=2004(zhao)
    
    172.16.1.8 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    uid=2003(zhao) gid=2004(zhao) groups=2004(zhao)
    
    172.16.1.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    uid=1022(zhao) gid=1022(zhao) groups=1022(zhao)
    
    172.16.1.41 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    uid=2003(zhao) gid=2004(zhao) groups=2004(zhao)
    
    [root@manager ~]# ansible client  -m    shell    -a  "tail  -1  /etc/passwd"   
    172.16.1.41 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    zhao:x:2003:2004::/home/zhao:/bin/bash
    
    172.16.1.31 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    zhao:x:2004:2004::/home/zhao:/bin/bash
    
    172.16.1.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    zhao:x:1022:1022::/home/zhao:/bin/bash
    
    172.16.1.8 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    zhao:x:2003:2004::/home/zhao:/bin/bash

    为了排除影响因素,把管理端相同的属主删除

    [root@manager ~]# id  zhao
    uid=1040(zhao) gid=1040(zhao) groups=1040(zhao)
    [root@manager ~]# tail  -1  /etc/passwd
    test:x:2002:2003::/home/test:/bin/bash
    [root@manager ~]# userdel  -r  zhao
    [root@manager ~]# id  zhao
    id: zhao: no such user

    成功修改属主

    [root@manager ~]# ansible  client  -m  copy  -a  "src=/tmp/hahha.txt  dest=/tmp  owner=zhao"  &>/dev/null  &&  echo  $?
    0
    [root@manager ~]# ansible client  -m    shell    -a  "ls  -l  /tmp/hahha.txt"  
    172.16.1.41 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    -r-------- 1 zhao root 72 Jan 28 13:43 /tmp/hahha.txt
    
    172.16.1.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    -r-------- 1 zhao root 72 Jan 28 13:43 /tmp/hahha.txt
    
    172.16.1.31 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    -r-------- 1 zhao root 72 Jan 28 13:43 /tmp/hahha.txt
    
    172.16.1.8 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    -r-------- 1 zhao root 72 Jan 28 13:43 /tmp/hahha.txt

    group: 批量分发文件时, 修改文件属组信息

    [root@manager ~]# id  zhao
    id: zhao: no such user
    [root@manager ~]# ansible client  -m    shell    -a  "id  zhao"  
    172.16.1.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    uid=1022(zhao) gid=1022(zhao) groups=1022(zhao)
    
    172.16.1.31 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    uid=2004(zhao) gid=2004(zhao) groups=2004(zhao)
    
    172.16.1.8 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    uid=2003(zhao) gid=2004(zhao) groups=2004(zhao)
    
    172.16.1.41 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    uid=2003(zhao) gid=2004(zhao) groups=2004(zhao)
    
    [root@manager ~]# ansible  client  -m  copy  -a  "src=/tmp/hahha.txt  dest=/tmp  group=zhao"  &>/dev/null  &&  echo  $?
    0

    成功修改属组

    [root@manager ~]# ansible client  -m    shell    -a  "ls  -l  /tmp/hahha.txt"  
    172.16.1.41 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    -r-------- 1 zhao zhao 72 Jan 28 13:43 /tmp/hahha.txt
    
    172.16.1.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    -r-------- 1 zhao zhao 72 Jan 28 13:43 /tmp/hahha.txt
    
    172.16.1.31 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    -r-------- 1 zhao zhao 72 Jan 28 13:43 /tmp/hahha.txt
    
    172.16.1.8 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    -r-------- 1 zhao zhao 72 Jan 28 13:43 /tmp/hahha.txt

    content:在受控端机器创建文件, 填写内容

    受控端和管理端都没有此文件

    [root@manager ~]# ls  /tmp/wuwu.txt
    ls: cannot access /tmp/wuwu.txt: No such file or directory
    [root@manager ~]# ansible  client  -a  "ls  /tmp/wuwu.txt"
    172.16.1.31 | FAILED | rc=2 >>
    ls: cannot access /tmp/wuwu.txt: No such file or directorynon-zero return code
    
    172.16.1.8 | FAILED | rc=2 >>
    ls: cannot access /tmp/wuwu.txt: No such file or directorynon-zero return code
    
    172.16.1.7 | FAILED | rc=2 >>
    ls: cannot access /tmp/wuwu.txt: No such file or directorynon-zero return code
    
    172.16.1.41 | FAILED | rc=2 >>
    ls: cannot access /tmp/wuwu.txt: No such file or directorynon-zero return code

    受控端自动创建了文件

    [root@manager ~]# ansible  client  -m  copy  -a  "content='happy happy happy' dest=/tmp/wuwu.txt"  &>/dev/null  &&  echo  $?
    0
    [root@manager ~]# ansible  client  -a  "ls  -l  /tmp/wuwu.txt"
    172.16.1.41 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 17 Jan 28 14:09 /tmp/wuwu.txt
    
    172.16.1.31 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 17 Jan 28 14:09 /tmp/wuwu.txt
    
    172.16.1.8 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 17 Jan 28 14:09 /tmp/wuwu.txt
    
    172.16.1.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 17 Jan 28 14:09 /tmp/wuwu.txt
    
    [root@manager ~]# ansible  client  -a  "date"
    172.16.1.31 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    Tue Jan 28 14:10:22 CST 2020
    
    172.16.1.8 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    Tue Jan 28 14:10:22 CST 2020
    
    172.16.1.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    Tue Jan 28 14:10:22 CST 2020
    
    172.16.1.41 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    Tue Jan 28 14:10:22 CST 2020

    查看文件内容

    [root@manager ~]# ansible  client  -a  "cat  /tmp/wuwu.txt"
    172.16.1.8 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    happy happy happy
    
    172.16.1.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    happy happy happy
    
    172.16.1.31 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    happy happy happy
    
    172.16.1.41 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    happy happy happy
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/wang618/p/12238029.html
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