十大经典排序算法（九、桶排序）

利用了函数的映射关系，高效与否的关键就在于这个映射函数的确定。为了使桶排序更加高效，我们需要做到这两点：

1. 在额外空间充足的情况下，尽量增大桶的数量
2. 使用的映射函数能够将输入的 N 个数据均匀的分配到 K 个桶中

JavaScript

function bucketSort(arr, bucketSize) {
    if (arr.length === 0) {
      return arr;
    }

    var i;
    var minValue = arr[0];
    var maxValue = arr[0];
    for (i = 1; i < arr.length; i++) {
      if (arr[i] < minValue) {
          minValue = arr[i];                // 输入数据的最小值
      } else if (arr[i] > maxValue) {
          maxValue = arr[i];                // 输入数据的最大值
      }
    }

    //桶的初始化
    var DEFAULT_BUCKET_SIZE = 5;            // 设置桶的默认数量为5
    bucketSize = bucketSize || DEFAULT_BUCKET_SIZE;
    var bucketCount = Math.floor((maxValue - minValue) / bucketSize) + 1;   
    var buckets = new Array(bucketCount);
    for (i = 0; i < buckets.length; i++) {
        buckets[i] = [];
    }

    //利用映射函数将数据分配到各个桶中
    for (i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
        buckets[Math.floor((arr[i] - minValue) / bucketSize)].push(arr[i]);
    }

    arr.length = 0;
    for (i = 0; i < buckets.length; i++) {
        insertionSort(buckets[i]);                      // 对每个桶进行排序，这里使用了插入排序
        for (var j = 0; j < buckets[i].length; j++) {
            arr.push(buckets[i][j]);                      
        }
    }

    return arr;
}

Python

def bucket_sort_simplify(arr, max_num):
    buf = {i: [] for i in range(int(max_num)+1)}  # 不能使用[[]]*(max+1)，这样新建的空间中各个[]是共享内存的
    arr_len = len(arr)
    for i in range(arr_len):
        num = arr[i]
        buf[int(num)].append(num)  # 将相应范围内的数据加入到[]中
    arr = []
    for i in range(len(buf)):
        if buf[i]:
            arr.extend(sorted(buf[i]))  # 这里还需要对一个范围内的数据进行排序，然后再进行输出
    return arr


if __name__ == "__main__":
    lis = [3.1, 4.2, 3.3, 3.5, 2.2, 2.7, 2.9, 2.1, 1.55, 4.456, 6.12, 5.2, 5.33, 6.0, 2.12]
    print(bucket_sort_simplify(lis, max(lis)))

C++

#include<iterator>
#include<iostream>
#include<vector>
using namespace std;
const int BUCKET_NUM = 10;

struct ListNode{
        explicit ListNode(int i=0):mData(i),mNext(NULL){}
        ListNode* mNext;
        int mData;
};

ListNode* insert(ListNode* head,int val){
        ListNode dummyNode;
        ListNode *newNode = new ListNode(val);
        ListNode *pre,*curr;
        dummyNode.mNext = head;
        pre = &dummyNode;
        curr = head;
        while(NULL!=curr && curr->mData<=val){
                pre = curr;
                curr = curr->mNext;
        }
        newNode->mNext = curr;
        pre->mNext = newNode;
        return dummyNode.mNext;
}


ListNode* Merge(ListNode *head1,ListNode *head2){
        ListNode dummyNode;
        ListNode *dummy = &dummyNode;
        while(NULL!=head1 && NULL!=head2){
                if(head1->mData <= head2->mData){
                        dummy->mNext = head1;
                        head1 = head1->mNext;
                }else{
                        dummy->mNext = head2;
                        head2 = head2->mNext;
                }
                dummy = dummy->mNext;
        }
        if(NULL!=head1) dummy->mNext = head1;
        if(NULL!=head2) dummy->mNext = head2;
        
        return dummyNode.mNext;
}

void BucketSort(int n,int arr[]){
        vector<ListNode*> buckets(BUCKET_NUM,(ListNode*)(0));
        for(int i=0;i<n;++i){
                int index = arr[i]/BUCKET_NUM;
                ListNode *head = buckets.at(index);
                buckets.at(index) = insert(head,arr[i]);
        }
        ListNode *head = buckets.at(0);
        for(int i=1;i<BUCKET_NUM;++i){
                head = Merge(head,buckets.at(i));
        }
        for(int i=0;i<n;++i){
                arr[i] = head->mData;
                head = head->mNext;
        }
}