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  • Linux----------ELK进阶使用logstash(二)

    ELK官网:https://www.elastic.co

    一、logstash简介

    Logstash是一个开源数据收集引擎,具有实时管道功能。Logstash可以动态地将来自不同数据源的数据统一起来,并将数据标准化到你所选择的目的地。
    Logstash 能够动态地采集、转换和传输数据,不受格式或复杂度的影响。利用 Grok 从非结构化数据中派生出结构,从 IP 地址解码出地理坐标,匿名化或排除敏感字段,并简化整体处理过程。
    Logstash有三个主要模块input输入、filter过滤器、output输出。

    1.1 input输入

    输入:采集各种样式、大小和来源的数据

    数据往往以各种各样的形式,或分散或集中地存在于很多系统中。Logstash 支持各种输入选择 ,可以在同一时间从众多常用来源捕捉事件。能够以连续的流式传输方式,轻松地从您的日志、指标、Web 应用、数据存储以及各种 AWS 服务采集数据。

    1.2 filter过滤器

    过滤器:实时解析和转换数据

    数据从源传输到存储库的过程中,Logstash 过滤器能够解析各个事件,识别已命名的字段以构建结构,并将它们转换成通用格式,以便更轻松、更快速地分析和实现商业价值。

    • 利用 Grok 从非结构化数据中派生出结构
    • 从 IP 地址破译出地理坐标
    • 将 PII 数据匿名化,完全排除敏感字段
    • 简化整体处理,不受数据源、格式或架构的影响

    1.3 output输出

    输出:选择您的存储库,导出您的数据,Elasticsearch是首选

    尽管 Elasticsearch 是我们的首选输出方向,能够为我们的搜索和分析带来无限可能,但它并非唯一选择。
    Logstash 提供众多输出选择,您可以将数据发送到您要指定的地方,并且能够灵活地解锁众多下游用例。

    二、logstash.conf

    logstasg将模块input输入、filter过滤器、output输出写入到自建的logstash.conf来生成json字段保存到Elasticsearch中。以下有几个ELK官网模板借鉴

    官网模板:https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/logstash/current/logstash-config-for-filebeat-modules.html

    2.1 logstash之Apache日志模板

    logstash之Apache日志模板

    input {
      beats {
        port => 5044
        host => "0.0.0.0"
      }
    }
    filter {
      if [fileset][module] == "apache2" {
        if [fileset][name] == "access" {
          grok {
            match => { "message" => ["%{IPORHOST:[apache2][access][remote_ip]} - %{DATA:[apache2][access][user_name]} [%{HTTPDATE:[apache2][access][time]}] "%{WORD:[apache2][access][method]} %{DATA:[apache2][access][url]} HTTP/%{NUMBER:[apache2][access][http_version]}" %{NUMBER:[apache2][access][response_code]} %{NUMBER:[apache2][access][body_sent][bytes]}( "%{DATA:[apache2][access][referrer]}")?( "%{DATA:[apache2][access][agent]}")?",
              "%{IPORHOST:[apache2][access][remote_ip]} - %{DATA:[apache2][access][user_name]} \[%{HTTPDATE:[apache2][access][time]}\] "-" %{NUMBER:[apache2][access][response_code]} -" ] }
            remove_field => "message"
          }
          mutate {
            add_field => { "read_timestamp" => "%{@timestamp}" }
          }
          date {
            match => [ "[apache2][access][time]", "dd/MMM/YYYY:H:m:s Z" ]
            remove_field => "[apache2][access][time]"
          }
          useragent {
            source => "[apache2][access][agent]"
            target => "[apache2][access][user_agent]"
            remove_field => "[apache2][access][agent]"
          }
          geoip {
            source => "[apache2][access][remote_ip]"
            target => "[apache2][access][geoip]"
          }
        }
        else if [fileset][name] == "error" {
          grok {
            match => { "message" => ["[%{APACHE_TIME:[apache2][error][timestamp]}] [%{LOGLEVEL:[apache2][error][level]}]( [client %{IPORHOST:[apache2][error][client]}])? %{GREEDYDATA:[apache2][error][message]}",
              "[%{APACHE_TIME:[apache2][error][timestamp]}] [%{DATA:[apache2][error][module]}:%{LOGLEVEL:[apache2][error][level]}] [pid %{NUMBER:[apache2][error][pid]}(:tid %{NUMBER:[apache2][error][tid]})?]( [client %{IPORHOST:[apache2][error][client]}])? %{GREEDYDATA:[apache2][error][message1]}" ] }
            pattern_definitions => {
              "APACHE_TIME" => "%{DAY} %{MONTH} %{MONTHDAY} %{TIME} %{YEAR}"
            }
            remove_field => "message"
          }
          mutate {
            rename => { "[apache2][error][message1]" => "[apache2][error][message]" }
          }
          date {
            match => [ "[apache2][error][timestamp]", "EEE MMM dd H:m:s YYYY", "EEE MMM dd H:m:s.SSSSSS YYYY" ]
            remove_field => "[apache2][error][timestamp]"
          }
        }
      }
    }
    output {
      elasticsearch {
        hosts => localhost
        manage_template => false
        index => "%{[@metadata][beat]}-%{[@metadata][version]}-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
      }
    }
    

    2.2 logstash之nginx日志模板

    logstash之nginx日志模板

    input {
      beats {
        port => 5044
        host => "0.0.0.0"
      }
    }
    filter {
      if [fileset][module] == "nginx" {
        if [fileset][name] == "access" {
          grok {
            match => { "message" => ["%{IPORHOST:[nginx][access][remote_ip]} - %{DATA:[nginx][access][user_name]} [%{HTTPDATE:[nginx][access][time]}] "%{WORD:[nginx][access][method]} %{DATA:[nginx][access][url]} HTTP/%{NUMBER:[nginx][access][http_version]}" %{NUMBER:[nginx][access][response_code]} %{NUMBER:[nginx][access][body_sent][bytes]} "%{DATA:[nginx][access][referrer]}" "%{DATA:[nginx][access][agent]}""] }
            remove_field => "message"
          }
          mutate {
            add_field => { "read_timestamp" => "%{@timestamp}" }
          }
          date {
            match => [ "[nginx][access][time]", "dd/MMM/YYYY:H:m:s Z" ]
            remove_field => "[nginx][access][time]"
          }
          useragent {
            source => "[nginx][access][agent]"
            target => "[nginx][access][user_agent]"
            remove_field => "[nginx][access][agent]"
          }
          geoip {
            source => "[nginx][access][remote_ip]"
            target => "[nginx][access][geoip]"
          }
        }
        else if [fileset][name] == "error" {
          grok {
            match => { "message" => ["%{DATA:[nginx][error][time]} [%{DATA:[nginx][error][level]}] %{NUMBER:[nginx][error][pid]}#%{NUMBER:[nginx][error][tid]}: (*%{NUMBER:[nginx][error][connection_id]} )?%{GREEDYDATA:[nginx][error][message]}"] }
            remove_field => "message"
          }
          mutate {
            rename => { "@timestamp" => "read_timestamp" }
          }
          date {
            match => [ "[nginx][error][time]", "YYYY/MM/dd H:m:s" ]
            remove_field => "[nginx][error][time]"
          }
        }
      }
    }
    output {
      elasticsearch {
        hosts => localhost
        manage_template => false
        index => "%{[@metadata][beat]}-%{[@metadata][version]}-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
      }
    }
    

    2.3 logstash之mysql日志模板

    logstash之mysql日志模板

    input {
      beats {
        port => 5044
        host => "0.0.0.0"
      }
    }
    filter {
      if [fileset][module] == "mysql" {
        if [fileset][name] == "error" {
          grok {
            match => { "message" => ["%{LOCALDATETIME:[mysql][error][timestamp]} ([%{DATA:[mysql][error][level]}] )?%{GREEDYDATA:[mysql][error][message]}",
              "%{TIMESTAMP_ISO8601:[mysql][error][timestamp]} %{NUMBER:[mysql][error][thread_id]} [%{DATA:[mysql][error][level]}] %{GREEDYDATA:[mysql][error][message1]}",
              "%{GREEDYDATA:[mysql][error][message2]}"] }
            pattern_definitions => {
              "LOCALDATETIME" => "[0-9]+ %{TIME}"
            }
            remove_field => "message"
          }
          mutate {
            rename => { "[mysql][error][message1]" => "[mysql][error][message]" }
          }
          mutate {
            rename => { "[mysql][error][message2]" => "[mysql][error][message]" }
          }
          date {
            match => [ "[mysql][error][timestamp]", "ISO8601", "YYMMdd H:m:s" ]
            remove_field => "[mysql][error][time]"
          }
        }
        else if [fileset][name] == "slowlog" {
          grok {
            match => { "message" => ["^# User@Host: %{USER:[mysql][slowlog][user]}([[^]]+])? @ %{HOSTNAME:[mysql][slowlog][host]} [(IP:[mysql][slowlog][ip])?](s*Id:s* %{NUMBER:[mysql][slowlog][id]})?
    # Query_time: %{NUMBER:[mysql][slowlog][query_time][sec]}s* Lock_time: %{NUMBER:[mysql][slowlog][lock_time][sec]}s* Rows_sent: %{NUMBER:[mysql][slowlog][rows_sent]}s* Rows_examined: %{NUMBER:[mysql][slowlog][rows_examined]}
    (SET timestamp=%{NUMBER:[mysql][slowlog][timestamp]};
    )?%{GREEDYMULTILINE:[mysql][slowlog][query]}"] }
            pattern_definitions => {
              "GREEDYMULTILINE" => "(.|
    )*"
            }
            remove_field => "message"
          }
          date {
            match => [ "[mysql][slowlog][timestamp]", "UNIX" ]
          }
          mutate {
            gsub => ["[mysql][slowlog][query]", "
    # Time: [0-9]+ [0-9][0-9]:[0-9][0-9]:[0-9][0-9](\.[0-9]+)?$", ""]
          }
        }
      }
    }
    output {
      elasticsearch {
        hosts => localhost
        manage_template => false
        index => "%{[@metadata][beat]}-%{[@metadata][version]}-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
      }
    }
    

    2.4 logstash之系统日志模板

    logstash之system日志模板

    input {
      beats {
        port => 5044
        host => "0.0.0.0"
      }
    }
    filter {
      if [fileset][module] == "system" {
        if [fileset][name] == "auth" {
          grok {
            match => { "message" => ["%{SYSLOGTIMESTAMP:[system][auth][timestamp]} %{SYSLOGHOST:[system][auth][hostname]} sshd(?:[%{POSINT:[system][auth][pid]}])?: %{DATA:[system][auth][ssh][event]} %{DATA:[system][auth][ssh][method]} for (invalid user )?%{DATA:[system][auth][user]} from %{IPORHOST:[system][auth][ssh][ip]} port %{NUMBER:[system][auth][ssh][port]} ssh2(: %{GREEDYDATA:[system][auth][ssh][signature]})?",
                      "%{SYSLOGTIMESTAMP:[system][auth][timestamp]} %{SYSLOGHOST:[system][auth][hostname]} sshd(?:[%{POSINT:[system][auth][pid]}])?: %{DATA:[system][auth][ssh][event]} user %{DATA:[system][auth][user]} from %{IPORHOST:[system][auth][ssh][ip]}",
                      "%{SYSLOGTIMESTAMP:[system][auth][timestamp]} %{SYSLOGHOST:[system][auth][hostname]} sshd(?:[%{POSINT:[system][auth][pid]}])?: Did not receive identification string from %{IPORHOST:[system][auth][ssh][dropped_ip]}",
                      "%{SYSLOGTIMESTAMP:[system][auth][timestamp]} %{SYSLOGHOST:[system][auth][hostname]} sudo(?:[%{POSINT:[system][auth][pid]}])?: s*%{DATA:[system][auth][user]} :( %{DATA:[system][auth][sudo][error]} ;)? TTY=%{DATA:[system][auth][sudo][tty]} ; PWD=%{DATA:[system][auth][sudo][pwd]} ; USER=%{DATA:[system][auth][sudo][user]} ; COMMAND=%{GREEDYDATA:[system][auth][sudo][command]}",
                      "%{SYSLOGTIMESTAMP:[system][auth][timestamp]} %{SYSLOGHOST:[system][auth][hostname]} groupadd(?:[%{POSINT:[system][auth][pid]}])?: new group: name=%{DATA:system.auth.groupadd.name}, GID=%{NUMBER:system.auth.groupadd.gid}",
                      "%{SYSLOGTIMESTAMP:[system][auth][timestamp]} %{SYSLOGHOST:[system][auth][hostname]} useradd(?:[%{POSINT:[system][auth][pid]}])?: new user: name=%{DATA:[system][auth][useradd][name]}, UID=%{NUMBER:[system][auth][useradd][uid]}, GID=%{NUMBER:[system][auth][useradd][gid]}, home=%{DATA:[system][auth][useradd][home]}, shell=%{DATA:[system][auth][useradd][shell]}$",
                      "%{SYSLOGTIMESTAMP:[system][auth][timestamp]} %{SYSLOGHOST:[system][auth][hostname]} %{DATA:[system][auth][program]}(?:[%{POSINT:[system][auth][pid]}])?: %{GREEDYMULTILINE:[system][auth][message]}"] }
            pattern_definitions => {
              "GREEDYMULTILINE"=> "(.|
    )*"
            }
            remove_field => "message"
          }
          date {
            match => [ "[system][auth][timestamp]", "MMM  d HH:mm:ss", "MMM dd HH:mm:ss" ]
          }
          geoip {
            source => "[system][auth][ssh][ip]"
            target => "[system][auth][ssh][geoip]"
          }
        }
        else if [fileset][name] == "syslog" {
          grok {
            match => { "message" => ["%{SYSLOGTIMESTAMP:[system][syslog][timestamp]} %{SYSLOGHOST:[system][syslog][hostname]} %{DATA:[system][syslog][program]}(?:[%{POSINT:[system][syslog][pid]}])?: %{GREEDYMULTILINE:[system][syslog][message]}"] }
            pattern_definitions => { "GREEDYMULTILINE" => "(.|
    )*" }
            remove_field => "message"
          }
          date {
            match => [ "[system][syslog][timestamp]", "MMM  d HH:mm:ss", "MMM dd HH:mm:ss" ]
          }
        }
      }
    }
    output {
      elasticsearch {
        hosts => localhost
        manage_template => false
        index => "%{[@metadata][beat]}-%{[@metadata][version]}-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
      }
    }
    
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/wangchengshi/p/12132182.html
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