rollup SELECT employee_id,department_id,job_id,SUM(salary) FROM employees WHERE department_id <60 GROUP BY ROLLUP (department_id,job_id,employee_id); 执行n+1次分组然后union,顺序是employee_id;job_id;department_id;空一共四次(从右至左每次以一个分组最后不分组求一次总和) nothing SELECT employee_id,department_id,job_id,SUM(salary) FROM employees WHERE department_id <60 GROUP BY department_id,job_id,employee_id; 按顺序检测,先按department_id分组计算然后一个部门的然后这个部门内job_id分组计算一次然后employee_id再分组计算一次,然后接着下一个部门分组……..执行下去 注:每次三个都同时被gruoping了 cube SELECT employee_id,department_id,job_id,SUM(salary) FROM employees WHERE department_id <60 GROUP BY CUBE (department_id,job_id,employee_id); 执行2的n次方次分组计算,排列组合;一般用的时候都带order by排序确定谁先显示 Grouping 以使用Grouping 函数; 没有被Grouping到返回1,否则返回0 SELECT employee_id,department_id,job_id,SUM(salary),GROUPING(employee_id),GROUPING(department_id),GROUPING(job_id) FROM employees WHERE department_id < 60 GROUP BY department_id,job_id,employee_id; SELECT employee_id,department_id,job_id,SUM(salary),GROUPING(employee_id),GROUPING(department_id),GROUPING(job_id) FROM employees WHERE department_id < 60 GROUP BY ROLLUP (department_id,job_id,employee_id); SELECT employee_id,department_id,job_id,SUM(salary),GROUPING(employee_id),GROUPING(department_id),GROUPING(job_id) FROM employees WHERE department_id < 60 GROUP BY CUBE (department_id,job_id,employee_id); GROUPING SETS 使用Grouping Set 来代替多次UNION SELECT department_id,job_id,manager_id,AVG(salary) FROM employees GROUP BY GROUPING SETS ((department_id,job_id),(job_id,manager_id)); 相当于 SELECT department_id,job_id,manager_id,AVG(salary) FROM employees GROUP BY (department_id,job_id); UNION SELECT department_id,job_id,manager_id,AVG(salary) FROM employees GROUP BY GROUPING SETS (job_id,manager_id);