MySQL数据库的创建（详细）

MySQL数据库的创建：(借鉴)

创建数据库设置编码方式：

CHARACTER SET :指定数据库采用的字符集，注意utf8不能携程utf-8

COLLATE ：指定数据库字符集的排序规则，utf8默认排序规则utf8_general_ci(通过shwo character set 查看)

第一步：确定没有此数据库；【转IF EXISTS 的用法】

DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS mryb; (IF EXISTS 好像是必须大写小写出错)；

mysql> DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS mryb;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

第二步：创建数据库：

CREATE DATABASE  mryb  CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;

mysql> CREATE DATABASE mryb CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

　　

CREATE DATABASE `mryb` DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;(注意 :`` 是tab上个面的那个键子不是单引号)

mysql> CREATE DATABASE `mryb` DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

　　

语句意义划分

CREATE DATABASE `mryb` ：　　　代表的是创建数据库 mryb。

DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 ：   代表的是将该库的默认编码格式设置为utf8格式。

COLLATE utf8_general_ci ：　　　　 代表的是数据库校对规则，utf8_bin将字符串中的每一个字符用二进制数据存储，区分大小写。utf8_genera_ci不区分大小写，ci为case insensitive的缩写，即大小写不敏感。utf8_general_cs区分大小写，cs为case sensitive的缩写，即大小写敏感

数据库编码格式:

 charset/collation

显示所有的字符编码：

SHOW CHARACTER SET;

mysql> SHOW CHARACTER SET;
+----------+---------------------------------+---------------------+--------+
| Charset  | Description                     | Default collation   | Maxlen |
+----------+---------------------------------+---------------------+--------+
| big5     | Big5 Traditional Chinese        | big5_chinese_ci     |      2 |
| dec8     | DEC West European               | dec8_swedish_ci     |      1 |
| cp850    | DOS West European               | cp850_general_ci    |      1 |
| hp8      | HP West European                | hp8_english_ci      |      1 |
| koi8r    | KOI8-R Relcom Russian           | koi8r_general_ci    |      1 |
| latin1   | cp1252 West European            | latin1_swedish_ci   |      1 |
| latin2   | ISO 8859-2 Central European     | latin2_general_ci   |      1 |
| swe7     | 7bit Swedish                    | swe7_swedish_ci     |      1 |
| ascii    | US ASCII                        | ascii_general_ci    |      1 |
| ujis     | EUC-JP Japanese                 | ujis_japanese_ci    |      3 |
| sjis     | Shift-JIS Japanese              | sjis_japanese_ci    |      2 |
| hebrew   | ISO 8859-8 Hebrew               | hebrew_general_ci   |      1 |
| tis620   | TIS620 Thai                     | tis620_thai_ci      |      1 |
| euckr    | EUC-KR Korean                   | euckr_korean_ci     |      2 |
| koi8u    | KOI8-U Ukrainian                | koi8u_general_ci    |      1 |
| gb2312   | GB2312 Simplified Chinese       | gb2312_chinese_ci   |      2 |
| greek    | ISO 8859-7 Greek                | greek_general_ci    |      1 |
| cp1250   | Windows Central European        | cp1250_general_ci   |      1 |
| gbk      | GBK Simplified Chinese          | gbk_chinese_ci      |      2 |
| latin5   | ISO 8859-9 Turkish              | latin5_turkish_ci   |      1 |
| armscii8 | ARMSCII-8 Armenian              | armscii8_general_ci |      1 |
| utf8     | UTF-8 Unicode                   | utf8_general_ci     |      3 |
| ucs2     | UCS-2 Unicode                   | ucs2_general_ci     |      2 |
| cp866    | DOS Russian                     | cp866_general_ci    |      1 |
| keybcs2  | DOS Kamenicky Czech-Slovak      | keybcs2_general_ci  |      1 |
| macce    | Mac Central European            | macce_general_ci    |      1 |
| macroman | Mac West European               | macroman_general_ci |      1 |
| cp852    | DOS Central European            | cp852_general_ci    |      1 |
| latin7   | ISO 8859-13 Baltic              | latin7_general_ci   |      1 |
| utf8mb4  | UTF-8 Unicode                   | utf8mb4_general_ci  |      4 |
| cp1251   | Windows Cyrillic                | cp1251_general_ci   |      1 |
| utf16    | UTF-16 Unicode                  | utf16_general_ci    |      4 |
| utf16le  | UTF-16LE Unicode                | utf16le_general_ci  |      4 |
| cp1256   | Windows Arabic                  | cp1256_general_ci   |      1 |
| cp1257   | Windows Baltic                  | cp1257_general_ci   |      1 |
| utf32    | UTF-32 Unicode                  | utf32_general_ci    |      4 |
| binary   | Binary pseudo charset           | binary              |      1 |
| geostd8  | GEOSTD8 Georgian                | geostd8_general_ci  |      1 |
| cp932    | SJIS for Windows Japanese       | cp932_japanese_ci   |      2 |
| eucjpms  | UJIS for Windows Japanese       | eucjpms_japanese_ci |      3 |
| gb18030  | China National Standard GB18030 | gb18030_chinese_ci  |      4 |
+----------+---------------------------------+---------------------+--------+
41 rows in set (0.00 sec)

查看创建数据库的指令并查看数据库使用的编码：

SHOW CREATE DATABASE mryb;

mysql> SHOW CREATE DATABASE mryb
    -> ;
+----------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| Database | Create Database                                               |
+----------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| mryb     | CREATE DATABASE `mryb` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 */ |
+----------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

 修改数据库编码：

ALTER DATABASE  mryb CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;

mysql> ALTER DATABASE mryb CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

ALTER DATABASE mryb CHARACTER  SET GBK COLLATE gbk_chinese_ci;

mysql> ALTER DATABASE mryb CHARACTER SET GBK COLLATE gbk_chinese_ci;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

查看数据库编码

格式：SHOW VARIABLES LISK '%校对编码段%';

代码：SHOW VARIABLES LIKE '%char%';

mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE '%char%';
+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                                                   |
+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| character_set_client     | gbk                                                     |
| character_set_connection | gbk                                                     |
| character_set_database   | latin1                                                  |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                                                  |
| character_set_results    | gbk                                                     |
| character_set_server     | latin1                                                  |
| character_set_system     | utf8                                                    |
| character_sets_dir       | C:Program FilesMySQLMySQL Server 5.7sharecharsets |
+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
8 rows in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

另一个：

另一个修改方法就是找到MySQL文件的MY.INI.