Web框架
请求周期
处理用户请求 放置HTML模版 操作数据库
Controllers Views Modals
Views Template Modals
MVC/MTV
Django => MTV
Django
1.安装
pip3 install Django==1.10 或 pip3 install Django
2.创建project
django-admin.py startproject mysite
目录结构
mysite
mysite
- settings.py # 配置文件
- urls.py # 路由系统(调度)
- wsgi.py # WSGI
managel.py # django程序启动文件
3.创建APP
所有APP共享project
cd mysite
python3 manage.py startapp cmdb
cmdb
__init__.py
admin.py # WEB后台管理
apps.py # 当前app配置文件
models.py # 数据库管理，自动创建数据结构
tests.py # 单元测试，测试你的某个功能
views.py # 业务请求处理
4.编写代码
urls.py
views.py
(1) 配置路由关系 urls.py
urls.py
from cmdb import views #导入views模块
urlpatterns = [
# url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
url(r'^index/', views.index), # 配置映射关系,逗号前是url，逗号后为交给某一函数(view模块的index函数)
]
(2) 配置业务请求处理 views.py
views.py 创建对应自己的函数
cmdb 的 views 处理用户请求，必须为函数
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse # 导入处理模块
# Create your views here.
# 处理用户请求
def index(request): # 处理函数，用户请求放入request中
return HttpResponse('123') # 处理字符串，必须放在HttpResponse才能识别
5.启动Django程序
python3 manage.py runserver 8000
python manage.py runserver #测试 启动web服务器，只允许本地访问
python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8080 #允许所有
6.访问
http://127.0.0.1:8000/index/
7.使用模板
settings配置
指定Template目录，告诉django配置文件在那里
render传递数据给html (request,'路径')
(1) Template # 放置HTML模版，可新建
index.html # 手动创建
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1 style="color: red">123</h1>
</body>
</html>
(2) views #配置业务请求处理，指定html文件，在cmdb目录下
from django.shortcuts import render
def index(request):
# return HttpResponse('123')
return render(request,'index.html') #使用render方法指定html
(3) 启动并访问
python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8080
http://127.0.0.1:8000/index/
8. 静态文件配置
(1) statics # 手动创建，在mysite主目录创建
jquery-1.8.2.min.js # 存入jquery文件
(2) index.html 指定statics
<script src="/statics/jquery-1.8.2.min.js"></script>
(3) settings 指定statics,在文件最后添加
(1) 指定静态文件目录
STATICFILES_DIRS = (
os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'statics'),
)
(2) 指定HTML引用静态文件的前缀，可选项，非必选
STATIC_URL = '/fff/' #指定前缀为fff
(4) index.html 引用前缀
<script src="/fff/jquery-1.8.2.min.js"></script>
(5) 访问
F12 --- Elements----/fff/jquery-1.1.8.2.min.js----右键---open link in new tab打开成功即可
9.表单操作及页面展示(内存版)
(1)表单页面
<body>
<h1>用户输入：</h1>
{#以POST方式提交#}
<form action="/index/" method="POST">
<input type="text" name="user"/>
<input type="test" name="email"/>
<input type="submit" value="提交"/>
</form>
</body>
(2)views处理
# 判断用户是否是POST请求
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse
# Create your views here.
def index(request):
# return HttpResponse('123')
# 判断
if (request.method == 'POST'):
user = request.POST.get('user', None)
email = request.POST.get('email', None)
print(user, email)
return render(request,'index.html')
直接访问会提交会报错，是DJANGO提供的跨站请求伪造，可以通过settings修改处理
Forbidden (403)
CSRF verification failed. Request aborted.
(3)settings修改
MIDDLEWARE 或 MIDDLEWARE-CLASSES 列表注释掉 django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware 这一行
MIDDLEWARE = [
'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
# 'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]
(4)页面提交
提交内容为 123 123
后台接收到数据
123 123
[31/Aug/2016 23:13:28] "POST /index/ HTTP/1.1" 200 339
(5)数据展示
(1)views 处理数据
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse
# 1. 处理用户请求 u1和e1为两列，u1和u2为两行
USER_INPUT = [
{'user':'u1', 'email': 'e1'},
{'user':'u2', 'email': 'e2'},
]
def index(request):
# ...
# 判断用户是否是POST请求
if(request.method == 'POST'):
user = request.POST.get('user',None)
email = request.POST.get('email',None)
temp = {'user': user, 'email': email}
USER_INPUT.append(temp) # 2. 追加到列表
# request.POST.get('pwd',None)
# return HttpResponse('123')
# 模版引擎
# 获取index.html模版 + {'data': USER_INPUT } ==》 渲染
# 字符串
#传递给HTML
return render(request, 'index.html', {'data': USER_INPUT }) # 3. 传递给HTML使用data指定USER_INPUT列表
(2)HTML 编写代码，按django方式对数据进行for循环生成列表(取的是views里的data和USER_INPUT数据)
django的for循环必须有开始有结束{% for item in data %}, {% endfor %}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>用户输入：</h1>
{#以POST方式提交#}
<form action="/index/" method="POST">
<input type="text" name="user"/>
<input type="test" name="email"/>
<input type="submit" value="提交"/>
</form>
<h1>数据展示：</h1>
<table border="1">
{% for item in data %}
{# tr为行，td为列#}
<tr>
<td>{{ item.user }}</td>
<td>{{ item.email }}</td>
</tr>
{% endfor %}
</table>
<script src="/fff/jquery-1.8.2.min.js"></script>
</body>
</html>
页面初始列表样式
－－－－
｜u1｜e1｜
｜－－－｜
｜u2｜e2｜
－－－－
(3)提交数据到内存，输入内容后提交后在表格显示
http://127.0.0.1:8000/index/
10.连接数据库
默认使用sqlite数据库
ORM 数据结构管理 models.py
settings
(1)models.py #配置数据库，创建类，生成数据库UserInfo表，指定字符长度
class UserInfo(models.Model):
user = models.CharField(max_length=32)
email = models.CharField(max_length=32)
(2)注册app:
settings.py # 指定APP名字
INSTALLED_APPS = [
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
'cmdb',
]
(3)执行命令，创建库和表
python3 manage.py makemigrations
python3 manage.py migrate
两条命令完自动创建UserInfo表
返回结果：
makemigrations返回结果
Migrations for 'cmdb':
cmdbmigrations 001_initial.py:
- Create model UserInfo
migrate返回结果
Applying cmdb.0001_initial... OK
Applying sessions.0001_initial... OK
11.操作数据库
创建：
models.类.objects.create(user=u,email=e)
models.UserInfo.objects.create(user=u,email=e)
models.UserInfo.objects.create(user=u,email=e)
models.UserInfo.objects.create(user=u,email=e)
获取：
models.类.objects.all()
models.UserInfo.objects.all()
(1)views 处理
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse
from django.shortcuts import redirect
from cmdb import models # 1.导入models数据库模块
# 处理用户请求
def index(request):
# ...
# 判断用户是否是POST请求
# return redirect('http://baidu.com')
# return redirect('')
if(request.method == 'POST'):
u = request.POST.get('user',None)
e = request.POST.get('email',None)
models.UserInfo.objects.create(user=u,email=e) # 2. Post提交数据，使数据库出现内容
# request.POST.get('pwd',None)
# return HttpResponse('123')
# 模版引擎
# 获取index.html模版 + {'data': USER_INPUT } ==》 渲染
# 字符串
data_list = models.UserInfo.objects.all() # 3. 取UserInfo表数据,get取数据，对于ORM每一行数据都是它的对像
# [UserInfo对象，UserInfo对象，。。。] 每一行数据里都是一个对像
# for item in data_list:
# print(item.user,item.email)
#传递给HTML
return render(request, 'index.html', {'data': data_list }) # 4. 传递给HTML使用data_list指定USER_INPUT列表
(2)HTML文件
index.html 循环data_list，取每一行对像数据
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title></title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>用户输入：</h1>
<form action="/index/" method="POST">
<input type="text" name="user" />
<input type="text" name="email" />
<input type="submit" value="提交" />
</form>
<h1>数据展示：</h1>
<table border="1">
<tr>
<th>用户名</th>
<th>邮箱</th>
</tr>
{% for line in data %}
<tr>
<td>{{ line.user }}</td>
<td>{{ line.email }}</td>
</tr>
{% endfor %}
</table>
<script src="/fff/jquery-1.8.2.min.js"></script>
</body>
</html>
(3)访问提交数据到库
http://127.0.0.1:8000/index/
django-admin.py startproject mysite
python3 manage.py startapp app1
一、路由系统
二级页面 对应urls函数
urls.py views.py
from app1 import views
1. 配置路由系统urls.py
from app1 import views
urlpatterns = [
# url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
url(r'^index/', views.f1),
url(r'^login/', views.login),
url(r'^detail/(d+)/', views.detail),
url(r'^detail2/(d+)/(d+)/', views.detail2),
url(r'^detail2/(?P<p1>d+)/(?P<x2>d+)/', views.detail3),
]
2. 业务处理 views.py
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse
def f1(request):
return HttpResponse('OK')
def login(request):
return HttpResponse('OK')
def detail(request,nid):
print(nid)
return HttpResponse('OK')
# detail2(1,2)
def detail2(request,xid,nnid):
print(xid,nnid)
return HttpResponse('OK')
# detail3(x2=234,p1=123)
def detail3(request,p1,x2):
print(p1,x2)
return HttpResponse('OK')
3.页面访问
http://127.0.0.1:8000/login/
http://127.0.0.1:8000/detail/123/
http://127.0.0.1:8000/detail2/123/12313/
分页查看，资源信息管理
1.路由系统
--------urls.py
from app1 import views
urlpatterns = [
# url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
# url(r'^index/', views.f1),
# url(r'^login/', views.login),
# url(r'^detail/(d+)/', views.detail),
# url(r'^detail2/(d+)/(d+)/', views.detail2),
# url(r'^detail3/(?P<p1>d+)/(?P<x2>d+)/', views.detail3),
url(r'^index/(d+)/', views.index),
url(r'^detail/(d+)/', views.detail),
]
2.业务函数处理
-------views.py
USER_LIST = []
for item in range(94):
temp = {"id":item,'username':'alex'+str(item),'email':'email'+str(item)}
USER_LIST.append(temp)
def index(request,page):
print(page)
# 1,0-9
# 2,10-19
# 3,20-29
page = int(page)
start = (page-1) * 10
end = page * 10
user_list = USER_LIST[start:end]
# return HttpResponse('OK')
return render(request,'index.html',{'user_list':user_list})
def detail(request,nid):
nid = int(nid)
current_detail_dict = USER_LIST[nid]
return render(request,'detail.html',{'current_detail_dict':current_detail_dict})
3.两个html
--------index.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<table>
<tr>
<td>ID</td>
<td>用户名</td>
<td>详细</td>
</tr>
{% for item in user_list %}
<tr>
<td>{{ item.id }}</td>
<td>{{ item.username }}</td>
<td><a href="/detail/{{ item.id }}/">查看详细</a></td>
</tr>
{% endfor %}
</table>
</body>
</html>
--------detail.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<ul>
<li>
{{ current_detail_dict.id }}
</li>
<li>
{{ current_detail_dict.username }}
</li>
<li>
{{ current_detail_dict.email }}
</li>
</ul>
</body>
</html>
4. 页面访问
http://127.0.0.1:8000/index/1/ 或 http://127.0.0.1:8000/index/22/
ID 用户名 详细
0 alex0 查看详细
1 alex1 查看详细
2 alex2 查看详细
3 alex3 查看详细
4 alex4 查看详细
5 alex5 查看详细
6 alex6 查看详细
7 alex7 查看详细
8 alex8 查看详细
9 alex9 查看详细
点击“详细信息”
http://127.0.0.1:8000/detail/0/
0
alex0
email0
自定义方法
filter # 过滤
simple_tag # 帮助标签
1.创建指定文件，名称不能改 templatetags
2.创建任意.py 文件，如：xx.py
from django import template
from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe
# from django.template.base import resolve_variable,Node,TemplateSyntaxError
# from django.template.base import Node,TemplateSyntaxError
# 必须不变
register = template.Library()
# 创建函数
@register.filter
def f1(value,arg):
return value + "666" + arg
@register.simple_tag
def f2(s1,s2,s3,s4):
return s1 + s2 + s3 + s4
@register.filter
def f3(value):
if value == 'VVV':
return True
return False
3.在html模板头部执行
加入此内容 {% load xx %}
mysite/template.html
{% load xx %}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
{{ k1 }}
{{ k2.1 }}
{% for item in k2 %}
<p>{{ item }},{{ forloop.counter }},{{ forloop.counter0 }},{{ forloop.first }},{{ forloop.last }},{{ forloop.revcounter }}</p>
{% endfor %}
{% if k1 == 'v1' %}
<h1>V1</h1>
{% elif k1 == 'v2' %}
<h1>V2</h1>
{% else %}
<h1>7777</h1>
{% endif %}
{{ k1 }}
{{ k1|lower }}
{{ k1|f1:"alex" }}
{% if k1|f3 %}
<h1>True</h1>
{% else %}
<h1>False</h1>
{% endif %}
</body>
</html>
4. setting.py 中注册app
INSTALLED_APPS = [
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
'app1'
]
5. views.py
from django import template
from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe
# from django.template.base import resolve_variable,Node,TemplateSyntaxError
from django.template.base import Node,TemplateSyntaxError
register = template.Library()
@register.filter
def f1(value, arg):
return value + "666" + arg
@register.simple_tag
def f2(s1,s2,s3, s4):
return s1 + s2 + s3 + s4
@register.filter
def f3(value):
if value == 'VVV':
return True
return False
@register.simple_tag
def f4(value):
if value == 'VVV':
return True
return False
6.app1创建urls.py
from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
#路由系统
from app1 import views
urlpatterns = [
# url(r'^index/(d+)/', views.index),
# url(r'^detail/(d+)/', views.detail),
url(r'^template/', views.template),
]
7.myste的urls.py
from django.conf.urls import url,include #想自定义必须使用include
urlpatterns = [
# url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
# url(r'^index/', views.f1),
# url(r'^login/', views.login),
# url(r'^detail/(d+)/', views.detail),
# url(r'^detail2/(d+)/(d+)/', views.detail2),
# url(r'^detail3/(?P<p1>d+)/(?P<x2>d+)/', views.detail3),
# url(r'^index/(d+)/', views.index),
# url(r'^detail/(d+)/', views.detail),
url(r'^web/', include('app1.urls')),
]
8. mysite的apps.py
from django.apps import AppConfig
class App1Config(AppConfig):
name = 'app1'
9.页面访问
http://127.0.0.1:8000/web/template/
VVVV 22
11,1,0,True,False,3
22,2,1,False,False,2
33,3,2,False,True,1
7777
VVVV vvvv VVVV666alex
False
后台管理系统,block模板使用
views.py
def assets(request):
assets_list = []
for i in range(10):
temp = {'hostname':'h1'+str(i),'port':80}
assets_list.append(temp)
return render(request,'assets.html',{'assets_list':assets_list})
def userinfo(request):
user_list = []
for i in range(10):
temp = {'username':'h1'+str(i),'salary':80}
user_list.append(temp)
return render(request,'userinfo.html',{'user_list':user_list})
mysite/apps.py
urlpatterns = [
url(r'', include('app1.urls')),
]
app1/urls.py
from app1 import views
urlpatterns = [
# url(r'^index/(d+)/', views.index),
# url(r'^detail/(d+)/', views.detail),
url(r'^assets', views.assets),
url(r'^userinfo', views.userinfo),
]
template/
assets.html
{% extends 'layout.html' %}
{% block body %}
<table>
{% for item in assets_list %}
<tr>
<td>{{ item.hostname }}</td>
<td>{{ item.port }}</td>
</tr>
{% endfor %}
</table>
{% endblock %}
layout.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="..." />
<style>
.pg-header{
height: 48px;
background-color: cadetblue;
}
.pg-body{
min-height: 500px;
}
.pg-body .body-menu{
20%;
float: left;
}
.pg-body .body-content{
80%;
float: left;
}
.pg-footer{
height: 100px;
background-color: brown;
}
.active{
background-color: aquamarine;
color: white;
}
</style>
{% block css %}{% endblock %}
</head>
<body>
<div class="pg-header">
后台系统V1
</div>
<div class="pg-body">
<div class="body-menu">
<ul>
<li><a href="/userinfo">用户管理</a></li>
<li><a href="/assets">资产管理</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="body-content">
{% block body %}{% endblock %}
</div>
</div>
<div class="pg-footer"></div>
<script src="xxx"></script>
{% block js %}{% endblock %}
</body>
</html>
userinfo.html
{% extends 'layout.html' %}
{% block css %}
<style></style>
{% endblock %}
{% block body %}
<ul>
{% for item in user_list %}
<li>{{ item.username }},{{ item.salary }}</li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>
{% endblock %}
{% block js %}
{% endblock %}
访问
http://127.0.0.1:8000/userinfo
http://127.0.0.1:8000/assets
AJAX使用 http://www.cnblogs.com/wupeiqi/articles/5703697.html
创建交互式网页应用的网页开发技术
作用：
1、注册时，输入用户名自动检测用户是否已经存在。
2、登陆时，提示用户名密码错误
3、删除数据行时，将行ID发送到后台，后台在数据库中删除，数据库删除成功后，在页面DOM中将数据行也删除。（博客园）
ajax_demo
urls.py
from django.conf.urls import url,include
urlpatterns = [
# url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
# url(r'^index/', views.f1),
# url(r'^login/', views.login),
# url(r'^detail/(d+)/', views.detail),
# url(r'^detail2/(d+)/(d+)/', views.detail2),
# url(r'^detail3/(?P<p1>d+)/(?P<x2>d+)/', views.detail3),
# url(r'^index/(d+)/', views.index),
# url(r'^detail/(d+)/', views.detail),
url(r'^web/', include('app1.urls')),
]
views.py
def ajax_demo(request):
if request.method == 'POST':
user = request.POST.get('user',None)
pwd = request.POST.get('pwd',None)
if user == '111' and pwd == '222':
return HttpResponse('1')
else:
return HttpResponse('2')
return render(request,'ajax_demo.html')
app1/urls.py
from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
#路由系统
from app1 import views
urlpatterns = [
# url(r'^index/(d+)/', views.index),
# url(r'^detail/(d+)/', views.detail),
# url(r'^template', views.template),
url(r'^assets', views.assets),
url(r'^userinfo', views.userinfo),
url(r'^ajax_demo', views.ajax_demo),
]
settings.py
STATIC_URL = '/static/'
STATICFILES_DIRS = (
os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static'),
)
INSTALLED_APPS = [
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
'ajax_demo'
]
注释
MIDDLEWARE = [
'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
# 'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]
创建static,加jquery
static/jquery-1.8.2.min.js
创建页面templates/ajax_demo.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title></title>
</head>
<body>
<div>
<p>用户名：<input type="text" id="username" /></p>
</div>
<div>
<p>密码：<input type="password" id="pwd" /></p>
</div>
<input type="button" value="提交" onclick="SubmitForm();" />
<script src="/static/jquery-1.8.2.min.js"></script>
<script>
function SubmitForm(){
$.ajax({
url: '/web/ajax_demo/',
type: 'POST',
data: {'user': $('#username').val(), 'pwd': $('#pwd').val()},
success: function (data) {
if(data == '1'){
location.href = "http://www.baidu.com";
}else{
alert('用户名或密码错误')
}
}
})
}
</script>
</body>
<html>
页面访问
http://127.0.0.1:8000/web/ajax_demo
规定响应数据格式
views.py
import json
def ajax_demo(request):
if request.method == 'POST':
ret = {'status':False,'message':''}
user = request.POST.get('user',None)
pwd = request.POST.get('pwd',None)
if user == '111' and pwd == '222':
ret['status'] = True
return HttpResponse(json.dumps(ret))
else:
ret['message'] = "用户名或密码错误"
return HttpResponse(json.dumps(ret))
return render(request,'ajax_demo.html')
ajax_demo.html
<script>
function SubmitForm(){
$.ajax({
url: '/web/ajax_demo/',
type: 'POST',
data: {'user': $('#username').val(), 'pwd': $('#pwd').val()},
dataType:'json',
success: function (data) {
if(data.status){
location.href = "http://www.baidu.com";
}else{
alert('data.message');
}
}
})
}
</script>
页面访问
http://127.0.0.1:8000/web/ajax_demo
输入 111 密码 222 跳百度
输入错误 提错
DJANGO－ADMIN后台使用
model,ORM
1、创建（CURD）数据库表
class -> DB,表
DB,表 -> 类
a. app.models.py写类
from django.db import models
class userinfo(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=30) # string
email = models.EmailField() # string,帮助admin做输入验证，modelform
memo = models.TextField() # text
b. python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate
python manage.py createsuperuser
model.py
class userinfo(models.Model):
nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
name = models.CharField(max_length=30)
email = models.EmailField()
memo = models.TextField()
img = models.ImageField()
user_type = models.ForeignKey("UserType",null=True,blank=True)
class UserType(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
def __str__(self):
return self.name
urls.py
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
# url(r'^index/', views.f1),
# url(r'^login/', views.login),
# url(r'^detail/(d+)/', views.detail),
# url(r'^detail2/(d+)/(d+)/', views.detail2),
# url(r'^detail3/(?P<p1>d+)/(?P<x2>d+)/', views.detail3),
# url(r'^index/(d+)/', views.index),
# url(r'^detail/(d+)/', views.detail),
url(r'^web/', include('app1.urls')),
]
admin.py
from app1 import models
admin.site.register(models.userinfo)
admin.site.register(models.UserType)
pip3 install Pillow
python3 manage.py makemigrations
python3 manage.py migrate
python3 manage.py createsuperuser #用户名 wmh 密码 jlch@wmh123
访问
http://127.0.0.1:8000/admin/ #用户名 wmh 密码 jlch@wmh123
2、操作数据库的数据
类
1、models.AutoField 自增列 = int(11)
如果没有的话，默认会生成一个名称为 id 的列，如果要显示的自定义一个自增列，必须将给列设置为主键 primary_key=True。
2、models.CharField 字符串字段
必须 max_length 参数
3、models.BooleanField 布尔类型=tinyint(1)
不能为空，Blank=True
4、models.ComaSeparatedIntegerField 用逗号分割的数字=varchar
input: 12，345，989871234，
继承CharField，所以必须 max_lenght 参数
5、models.DateField 日期类型 date
对于参数，auto_now = True 则每次更新都会更新这个时间；auto_now_add 则只是第一次创建添加，之后的更新不再改变。
6、models.DateTimeField 日期类型 datetime
同DateField的参数
7、models.Decimal 十进制小数类型 = decimal
必须指定整数位max_digits和小数位decimal_places
8、models.EmailField 字符串类型（正则表达式邮箱） =varchar
对字符串进行正则表达式
9、models.FloatField 浮点类型 = double
10、models.IntegerField 整形
11、models.BigIntegerField 长整形
integer_field_ranges = {
'SmallIntegerField': (-32768, 32767),
'IntegerField': (-2147483648, 2147483647),
'BigIntegerField': (-9223372036854775808, 9223372036854775807),
'PositiveSmallIntegerField': (0, 32767),
'PositiveIntegerField': (0, 2147483647),
}
12、models.IPAddressField 字符串类型（ip4正则表达式）
13、models.GenericIPAddressField 字符串类型（ip4和ip6是可选的）
参数protocol可以是：both、ipv4、ipv6
验证时，会根据设置报错
14、models.NullBooleanField 允许为空的布尔类型
15、models.PositiveIntegerFiel 正Integer
16、models.PositiveSmallIntegerField 正smallInteger
17、models.SlugField 减号、下划线、字母、数字
18、models.SmallIntegerField 数字
数据库中的字段有：tinyint、smallint、int、bigint
19、models.TextField 字符串=longtext
20、models.TimeField 时间 HH:MM[:ss[.uuuuuu]]
21、models.URLField 字符串，地址正则表达式
22、models.BinaryField 二进制
23、models.ImageField 图片 字符串
24、models.FilePathField 文件 字符串
models.py
单表
一对多 :Forigkey
多对多: ManyToManyField
一对一: ForeignKey 对 ForeignKey
models.py
from django.db import models
# Create your models here.
# 陈超，普通用户
# 淮军，超级用户
class Gender(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
class userinfo(models.Model):
nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
name = models.CharField(max_length=30, verbose_name='用户名',editable=False)
email = models.EmailField(db_index=True)
memo = models.TextField()
img = models.ImageField(upload_to='upload')
user_type = models.ForeignKey("UserType", null=True, blank=True)# unique
# user_type = models.OneToOneField("UserType", null=True, blank=True)# unique
# ctime = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
# uptime = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)
# gender = models.ForeignKey(Gender)
# 性别选项
gender_choices = (
(0, "男"),
(1, "女"),
)
gender = models.IntegerField(choices=gender_choices,default=1)
# 普通用户，超级用户
class UserType(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
def __str__(self):
return self.name
class B2G(models.Model):
boy = models.ForeignKey('Boy')
girl = models.ForeignKey('Girl')
class Boy(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
# 吴文煜，王建，王志刚，杜宝强
class Girl(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
f = models.ManyToManyField(Boy) #外键
# 铁锤，钢弹，如花
独个获取
obj = model.UserInfo.objects.filter(name='alex')
print obj.query
queryset -> python，Django的类
[obj1,obj2,obj3]
obj = model.UserInfo.objects.filter(name='alex').values('id','email')
# select id from userinfo where name = 'alex'
queryset -> python，Django的类
[{'id':1},{'id': 2},]
obj = model.UserInfo.objects.filter(name='alex').value_list('id','email')
# select id from userinfo where name = 'alex'
queryset -> python，Django的类
[(1,'1@qq.com'),(2,'alex@11.com'),]
queryset.query => SQL语句