简介：
关于操作系统安装方面的自动化，早前我们使用 RedHat 推出的 Kickstart 来批量安装操作系统，近年来 RedHat 又推出一个 Cobbler 。
Cobbler 使用 Python 开发，小巧轻便，能够完成系统安装、甚至一些服务的管理。（ 号称是补鞋匠都能学会的工具 ）
Cobbler 支持命令行管理、web 界面管理、还提供了 API 接口，以便二次开法。
## 关闭 SELinux 、iptables ！！！
一、支撑环境安装
shell > yum -y install epel-release ## 安装 epel 源 shell > yum -y install cobbler httpd rsync tftp-server xinetd dhcp pykickstart fence-agents
二、配置 Tftp 、Rsync
shell > vim /etc/xinetd.d/tftp service tftp { socket_type = dgram protocol = udp wait = yes user = root server = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd server_args = -s /var/lib/tftpboot disable = no ## 原为 yes per_source = 11 cps = 100 2 flags = IPv4 } shell > vim /etc/xinetd.d/rsync service rsync { disable = no ## 原为 yes flags = IPv6 socket_type = stream wait = no user = root server = /usr/bin/rsync server_args = --daemon log_on_failure += USERID } shell > vim /etc/httpd/conf ServerName 127.0.0.1:80
## 这个东西大家都知道。
二、配置 Cobbler
shell > openssl passwd -1 -salt 'random-phrase-here' '123456' $1$random-p$mzxQ/Sx848sXgvfwJCoZM0
## 生成 root 密码（ 此密码为新安装的客户机 root 密码 ）
shell > vim /etc/cobbler/settings manage_dhcp: 1 ## 原为 0 manage_tftpd: 1 manage_rsync: 1 ## 原为 0 next_server: 192.168.214.10 ## 本机 IP server: 192.168.214.10 ## 本机 IP default_password_crypted: "$1$random-p$mzxQ/Sx848sXgvfwJCoZM0" ## 生成的 root 密码
三、配置 DHCP
shell > vim /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template ## 直接修改这个文件即可 subnet 192.168.214.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { option routers 192.168.214.2; option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0; range dynamic-bootp 192.168.214.100 192.168.214.120; default-lease-time 21600; max-lease-time 43200; next-server $next_server;
## 只修改这个区域的 IP 为合适的 IP 即可
shell > chkconfig --add httpd shell > chkconfig --add xinetd shell > chkconfig --add dhcpd shell > chkconfig --add cobblerd shell > service httpd start 正在启动 httpd： shell > service xinetd start 正在启动 xinetd： [确定] shell > service dhcpd start 正在启动 dhcpd： [失败] shell > service cobblerd start Starting cobbler daemon: [确定] shell > cobbler check ## 检查配置 Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/bin/cobbler", line 36, in <module> sys.exit(app.main()) File "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/cobbler/cli.py", line 655, in main rc = cli.run(sys.argv) File "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/cobbler/cli.py", line 270, in run self.token = self.remote.login("", self.shared_secret) File "/usr/lib64/python2.6/xmlrpclib.py", line 1199, in __call__ return self.__send(self.__name, args) File "/usr/lib64/python2.6/xmlrpclib.py", line 1489, in __request verbose=self.__verbose File "/usr/lib64/python2.6/xmlrpclib.py", line 1253, in request return self._parse_response(h.getfile(), sock) File "/usr/lib64/python2.6/xmlrpclib.py", line 1392, in _parse_response return u.close() File "/usr/lib64/python2.6/xmlrpclib.py", line 838, in close raise Fault(**self._stack[0]) xmlrpclib.Fault: <Fault 1: "<class 'cobbler.cexceptions.CX'>:'login failed'"> shell > cobbler get-loaders （ 解决方法 ） [shell > cobbler check ## 再次检查 The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix: 1 : service dhcpd is not running 2 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes. ## 1 ：提示 dhcpd 没有运行，先不管 ## 2 ：提示 debmirror 没有安装。如果不是安装 debian 之类的系统，可以忽略此提示。 （如需安装，下载地址为：http://rpmfind.net/linux/rpm2html/search.php?query=debmirror） shell > cobbler sync ## 同步操作 task started: 2015-05-27_010456_sync task started (id=Sync, time=Wed May 27 01:04:56 2015) running pre-sync triggers cleaning trees mkdir: /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg mkdir: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub mkdir: /var/lib/tftpboot/s390x mkdir: /var/lib/tftpboot/ppc mkdir: /var/lib/tftpboot/etc removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images copying bootloaders trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/pxelinux.0 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.0 trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/menu.c32 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/menu.c32 trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/yaboot -> /var/lib/tftpboot/yaboot trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi copying distros to tftpboot copying images generating PXE configuration files generating PXE menu structure rendering DHCP files generating /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf rendering TFTPD files generating /etc/xinetd.d/tftp cleaning link caches rendering Rsync files running post-sync triggers running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/* running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services running: dhcpd -t -q received on stdout: received on stderr: running: service dhcpd restart received on stdout: 正在启动 dhcpd：[确定] received on stderr: running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/* running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/* running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/* *** TASK COMPLETE *** shell > service xinetd restart 停止 xinetd： [确定] 正在启动 xinetd： [确定] shell > service cobblerd restart Stopping cobbler daemon: [确定] Starting cobbler daemon: [确定]
三、导入安装源
shell > mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/ shell > cobbler import --path=/mnt/ --arch=x86_64 --name=Centos-6.6-minimal
## 输出信息略（Cobbler 将镜像拷贝一份放在 /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/Centos-6.6-minimal-x86_64 目录下）
（同时会创建一个名为 Centos-6.6-minimal-x86_64 的发布版本及 profile 文件）
shell > cobbler list distros: Centos-6.6-minimal-x86_64 profiles: Centos-6.6-minimal-x86_64 systems: repos: images: mgmtclasses: packages: files:
四、创建 ks 文件
shell > vim /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/Centos-6.6_minimal-x86_64.ks # platform=x86, AMD64, 或 Intel EM64T # version=DEVEL # Firewall configuration firewall --disabled # Install OS instead of upgrade install # Use network installation url --url="http://192.168.214.10/cobbler/ks_mirror/Centos-6.6-minimal-x84_64/" # Root password rootpw --iscrypted $1$hk0MvN4A$Dz.sYvyDjac1.cMVTk9270 # System authorization information auth --useshadow --passalgo=sha512 # Use text mode install text # System keyboard keyboard us # System language lang zh_CN # SELinux configuration selinux --disabled # Do not configure the X Window System skipx # Installation logging level logging --level=info # Reboot after installation reboot # System timezone timezone --isUtc Asia/Shanghai # Network information network --bootproto=dhcp --device=eth0 --onboot=on # System bootloader configuration bootloader --location=mbr # Clear the Master Boot Record zerombr # Partition clearing information clearpart --all --initlabel # Disk partitioning information part /boot --fstype="ext4" --size=200 part swap --fstype="swap" --size=1024 part / --fstype="ext4" --grow --size=1
## 这是我安装了 system-config-kickstart 在图形界面生成的 ks 文件。
## 看到第一行注释行中有一个汉字了吗？就是这个汉字让我卡了两天...（ 文件中不要有汉字 ）
五、关联 ks 文件
shell > cobbler distro list Centos-6.6-minimal-x86_64
## 有一个镜像
shell > cobbler profile report --name Centos-6.6-minimal-x86_64 Name : Centos-6.6-minimal-x86_64 TFTP Boot Files : {} Comment : DHCP Tag : default Distribution : Centos-6.6-minimal-x86_64 Enable gPXE? : 0 Enable PXE Menu? : 1 Fetchable Files : {} Kernel Options : {} Kernel Options (Post Install) : {} Kickstart : /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/sample_end.ks Kickstart Metadata : {} Management Classes : [] Management Parameters : <<inherit>> Name Servers : [] Name Servers Search Path : [] Owners : ['admin'] Parent Profile : Proxy : Red Hat Management Key : <<inherit>> Red Hat Management Server : <<inherit>> Repos : [] Server Override : <<inherit>> Template Files : {} Virt Auto Boot : 1 Virt Bridge : xenbr0 Virt CPUs : 1 Virt Disk Driver Type : raw Virt File Size(GB) : 5 Virt Path : Virt RAM (MB) : 512 Virt Type : kvm
## 看到这个镜像默认使用的 ks 文件为 /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/sample_end.ks
shell > cobbler profile add --name=Centos-6.6-minimal --distro=Centos-6.6-minimal-x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/Centos-6.6_minimal-x86_64.ks
## 关联后，再次查看是否关联成功
shell > cobbler profile report --name Centos-6.6-minimal Name : Centos-6.6-minimal TFTP Boot Files : {} Comment : DHCP Tag : default Distribution : Centos-6.6-minimal-x86_64 Enable gPXE? : 0 Enable PXE Menu? : 1 Fetchable Files : {} Kernel Options : {} Kernel Options (Post Install) : {} Kickstart : /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/Centos-6.6_minimal-x86_64.ks Kickstart Metadata : {} Management Classes : [] Management Parameters : <<inherit>> Name Servers : [] Name Servers Search Path : [] Owners : ['admin'] Parent Profile : Proxy : Red Hat Management Key : <<inherit>> Red Hat Management Server : <<inherit>> Repos : [] Server Override : <<inherit>> Template Files : {} Virt Auto Boot : 1 Virt Bridge : xenbr0 Virt CPUs : 1 Virt Disk Driver Type : raw Virt File Size(GB) : 5 Virt Path : Virt RAM (MB) : 512 Virt Type : xenpv
## 已经关联成功 ！
shell > cobbler --help usage ===== cobbler <distro|profile|system|repo|image|mgmtclass|package|file> ... [add|edit|copy|getks*|list|remove|rename|report] [options|--help] cobbler <aclsetup|buildiso|import|list|replicate|report|reposync|sync|validateks|version|signature|get-loaders|hardlink> [options|--help] shell > cobbler profile --help usage ===== cobbler profile add cobbler profile copy cobbler profile dumpvars cobbler profile edit cobbler profile find cobbler profile getks cobbler profile list cobbler profile remove cobbler profile rename cobbler profile report
## 它有多种方法，添加、编辑、移除等等（ 用到时，请自己琢磨 ）。
shell > cobbler sync
## 同步一下配置，客户端开机测试
## 从网络引导进入后，会有一个选择列表，选择要安装 profile ，就可以自动完成安装。
## 修改 ks.cfg 文件后，不需要 sync 就可以直接生效！
## 如果不想关闭防火墙，那么请打开 TCP ( 69、80、25151 ) 端口。
## 遇到问题仔细观察，ks.cfg 中一定不能有中文，注释行也不可以！