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  • Android自定义控件:进度条的四种实现方式(Progress Wheel的解析)

    最近一直在学习自定义控件,搜了许多大牛们Blog里分享的小教程,也上GitHub找了一些类似的控件进行学习。发现读起来都不太好懂,就想写这么一篇东西作为学习笔记吧。

    一、控件介绍:

    进度条在App中非常常见,例如下载进度、加载图片、打开文章、打开网页等等……都需要这么一个效果让用户知道我们的App正在读取,以构造良好 的交互。如果没有这样一个效果的话,用户没法知道东西有没有下载好、图片加载了没有、文章打开了没……会让用户很不爽。基于这样的情景我们的UI设计师们 创造了这样一个控件。

    二、这篇文章会涉及的知识点:

    跟我一样刚入门的Android菜鸟们,我推荐大家先了解一下这些知识点再往下看。这些知识点我也会推荐一些博客给大家看看,更推荐大家看文档里的解释,当然大牛们可以直接无视……

    1、ClipDrawable类:能够对一个drawable类进行剪切操作(即只显示某一部分的区域,另一部分隐藏),显示多大的区域由level控制(level取值是0~10000)

    【博客:http://blog.csdn.net/lonelyroamer/article/details/8244777】、没文档的可以在这看【http://www.apihome.cn/api/android/ClipDrawable.html】

    2、自定义View:guolin大神的深入学习View四部曲

    Android LayoutInflater原理分析,带你一步步深入了解View —— http://blog.csdn.net/guolin_blog/article/details/12921889】

    Android视图绘制流程完全解析,带你一步步深入了解View —— http://blog.csdn.net/guolin_blog/article/details/16330267】

    Android视图状态及重绘流程分析,带你一步步深入了解View —— http://blog.csdn.net/guolin_blog/article/details/17045157】

    Android自定义View的实现方法,带你一步步深入了解View ——

    http://blog.csdn.net/guolin_blog/article/details/17357967】

    3、没看过我写的:Android自定义控件——老版优酷三级菜单的话,或许需要看看这个:

    【RotateAnimation详解——】

    三、Android上的实现方式:

    (前三种方法比较简单,第四种方法是GitHub项目的解析,对前三种没兴趣可以直接跳到后边……)

    1、效果图:

    将进度条的变换过程分解为一帧一帧的图片,将这些一帧一帧的图片连起来构成一个动画。常用于:手机阅读网页、逛社区时,加载图片、文章等不需要清楚知道加载进度,但是需要知道是否进行加载的情景。

    这种方法实现可以通过创建一个animation-list的XML文件,然后给系统API提供的ProgressBar的indeterminateDrawable属性就可以了。(这个属性应该是类似于设置一个动画吧……)

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
    <animation-list xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
      android:oneshot="false" >
      <item android:duration="150" >
        <clip 
          android:clipOrientation="horizontal"
          android:drawable="@drawable/loading_01"
          android:gravity="left"/>
      </item>
      <item android:duration="150" >
        <clip 
          android:clipOrientation="horizontal"
          android:drawable="@drawable/loading_02"
          android:gravity="left"/>
      </item>
      <item android:duration="150" >
        <clip 
          android:clipOrientation="horizontal"
          android:drawable="@drawable/loading_03"
          android:gravity="left"/>
      </item>
      <item android:duration="150" >
        <clip 
          android:clipOrientation="horizontal"
          android:drawable="@drawable/loading_04"
          android:gravity="left"/>
      </item>
      <item android:duration="150" >
        <clip 
          android:clipOrientation="horizontal"
          android:drawable="@drawable/loading_05"
          android:gravity="left"/>
      </item>
      <item android:duration="150" >
        <clip 
          android:clipOrientation="horizontal"
          android:drawable="@drawable/loading_06"
          android:gravity="left"/>
      </item>
      <item android:duration="150" >
        <clip 
          android:clipOrientation="horizontal"
          android:drawable="@drawable/loading_07"
          android:gravity="left"/>
      </item>
      <item android:duration="150" >
        <clip 
          android:clipOrientation="horizontal"
          android:drawable="@drawable/loading_08"
          android:gravity="left"/>
      </item>
      <item android:duration="150" >
        <clip 
          android:clipOrientation="horizontal"
          android:drawable="@drawable/loading_09"
          android:gravity="left"/>
      </item>
      <item android:duration="150" >
        <clip 
          android:clipOrientation="horizontal"
          android:drawable="@drawable/loading_10"
          android:gravity="left"/>
      </item>
      <item android:duration="150" >
        <clip 
          android:clipOrientation="horizontal"
          android:drawable="@drawable/loading_11"
          android:gravity="left"/>
      </item>
      <item android:duration="150" >
        <clip 
          android:clipOrientation="horizontal"
          android:drawable="@drawable/loading_12"
          android:gravity="left"/>
      </item>
    
    </animation-list>
    <ProgressBar 
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:indeterminateDrawable="@drawable/progressbar1"
            />

    2 、效果图:

    在上一篇有关自定义控件的博客里我们使用了一个RotateAnimation类来实现旋转效果 (http://blog.csdn.net/u012403246/article/details/41309161),其实,我们在这里也可以把一 张图片,通过旋转,达到我们要的效果。本质上和上一种方法没多大区别。

    我们只需要创建一个rotate的XML,对其属性进行一些简单的设置,然后加入我们要用的图片就可以了。

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
    <rotate xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
      android:pivotX="50%"
      android:pivotY="50%"
      android:fromDegrees="0"
      android:toDegrees="360"
      android:interpolator="@android:anim/accelerate_decelerate_interpolator" >
      <bitmap 
        android:antialias="true"
        android:filter="true"
        android:src="@drawable/loading_360"/>
    
    </rotate>
    <ProgressBar 
          android:layout_width="wrap_content"
          android:layout_height="wrap_content"
          android:indeterminateDrawable="@drawable/progressbar2"/>

    3、效果图:

    我们可以弄两张照片,第一张是纯黑色的,然后把这张照片中心挖一个圆出来,圆区域弄成白色,挖出来的圆弄成第二张照片。我们不妨叠加显示两张照片,刚开始把第二张完全“遮住”,随着加载进度的增加,我们减少遮住的区域把第二张照片慢慢的显示出来。

    Android 上刚好就有这么一个ClipDrawable类,能够实现剪裁的过程。我们来看看怎么通过这样的方式自定义一个进度条控件。

    public class MyProgressBar extends FrameLayout{
      private boolean running;
      private int progress = 0;
      private static final int MAX_PROGRESS = 10000;
      
      private ClipDrawable clip;
      
      private Handler handler = new Handler(){
        @Override
        public void handleMessage(android.os.Message msg) {
          if(msg.what == 0x123)
            clip.setLevel(progress);
        }
      };
      
      public MyProgressBar(Context context){
        this(context,null,0);
      }
    
      public MyProgressBar(Context context,AttributeSet attrs){
        this(context,null,0);
      }
      
      public MyProgressBar(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyle) {
        super(context, attrs, defStyle);
        Init(context);
      }
      
      public void Init(Context context){
        View view = LayoutInflater.from(context).inflate(R.layout.view, null);
        
        ImageView iv = (ImageView)view.findViewById(R.id.progress_img);
        
        addView(view);
        clip = (ClipDrawable)iv.getDrawable();
        
        Thread thread = new Thread(new Runnable() {
          
          @Override
          public void run() {
            running = true;
            while(running){
              handler.sendEmptyMessage(0x123);
              if(progress == MAX_PROGRESS)
                progress = 0;
              progress += 100;
              try {
                Thread.sleep(18);
              } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
              }
            }
          }
        });
        thread.start();
      }
    
      public void stop(){
        progress = 0;
        running = false;
      }
    }

    通过代码我们可以看到,逻辑非常简单,关键就在于ClipDrawable的setLevel()方法,这个是设置剪裁效果的。

    4、效果图:

    实现一个View的子类——Progress Wheel类,实现进度条效果。具体的内容我都写在了注释上,如果不了解自定义控件的知识,可以去阅读guolin博客里自定义View四部曲的讲解,讲的挺好的。

    代码 :

    public class ProgressWheel extends View {
    
      //绘制View用到的各种长、宽带大小
      private int layout_height = 0;
      private int layout_width = 0;
      private int fullRadius = 100;
      private int circleRadius = 80;
      private int barLength = 60;
      private int barWidth = 20;
      private int rimWidth = 20;
      private int textSize = 20;
      private float contourSize = 0;
    
      //与页边的间距
      private int paddingTop = 5;
      private int paddingBottom = 5;
      private int paddingLeft = 5;
      private int paddingRight = 5;
    
      //View要绘制的颜色
      private int barColor = 0xAA000000;
      private int contourColor = 0xAA000000;
      private int circleColor = 0x00000000;
      private int rimColor = 0xAADDDDDD;
      private int textColor = 0xFF000000;
    
      //绘制要用的画笔
      private Paint barPaint = new Paint();
      private Paint circlePaint = new Paint();
      private Paint rimPaint = new Paint();
      private Paint textPaint = new Paint();
      private Paint contourPaint = new Paint();
    
      //绘制要用的矩形
      @SuppressWarnings("unused")
      private RectF rectBounds = new RectF();
      private RectF circleBounds = new RectF();
      private RectF circleOuterContour = new RectF();
      private RectF circleInnerContour = new RectF();
    
      //动画
      //每次绘制要移动的像素数目
      private int spinSpeed = 2;
      //绘制过程的时间间隔
      private int delayMillis = 0;
      int progress = 0;
      boolean isSpinning = false;
    
      //其他
      private String text = "";
      private String[] splitText = {};
    
      /**
       * ProgressWheel的构造方法
       *
       * @param context
       * @param attrs
       */
      public ProgressWheel(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
        super(context, attrs);
    
        parseAttributes(context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs,
            R.styleable.ProgressWheel));
      }
    
      //----------------------------------
      //初始化一些元素
      //----------------------------------
    
      /*
       * 调用这个方法时,使View绘制为方形
       * From: http://www.jayway.com/2012/12/12/creating-custom-android-views-part-4-measuring-and-how-to-force-a-view-to-be-square/
       * 
       */
      @Override
      protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
        // 首先我们要调用超类的onMeasure借口 
        // 原因是我们自己去实现一个方法获得长度、宽度太麻烦了
        // 使用超类的的方法非常方便而且让复杂的细节可控
        super.onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
    
        // 在这里我们不能使用getWidth()和getHeight()。 
        // 因为这两个方法只能在View的布局完成后才能使用,而一个View的绘制过程是先绘制元素,再绘制Layout
        // 所以我们必须使用getMeasuredWidth()和getMeasuredHeight()
        int size = 0;
        int width = getMeasuredWidth();
        int height = getMeasuredHeight();
        int widthWithoutPadding = width - getPaddingLeft() - getPaddingRight();
        int heigthWithoutPadding = height - getPaddingTop() - getPaddingBottom();
        
        // 最后我们用一些简单的逻辑去计算View的大小并调用setMeasuredDimension()去设置View的大小
        // 在比较View的长宽前我们不考虑间距,但当我们设置View所需要绘制的面积时,我们要考虑它
        // 不考虑间距的View(View内的实际画面)此时就应该是方形的,但是由于间距的存在,最终View所占的面积可能不是方形的 
        if (widthWithoutPadding > heigthWithoutPadding) {
          size = heigthWithoutPadding;
        } else {
          size = widthWithoutPadding;
        }
        
        // 如果你重写了onMeasure()方法,你必须调用setMeasuredDimension()方法 
        // 这是你设置View大小的唯一途径  
        // 如果你不调用setMeasuredDimension()方法,父控件会抛出异常,并且程序会崩溃
        // 如果我们使用了超类的onMeasure()方法,我们就不是那么需要setMeasuredDimension()方法
        // 然而,重写onMeasure()方法是为了改变既有的绘制流程,所以我们必须调用setMeasuredDimension()方法以达到我们的目的
        setMeasuredDimension(size + getPaddingLeft() + getPaddingRight(), size + getPaddingTop() + getPaddingBottom());
      }
    
      /**
       * 使用onSizeChanged方法代替onAttachedToWindow获得View的面积
       * 因为这个方法会在测量了MATCH_PARENT和WRAP_CONTENT后马上被调用
       * 使用获得的面积设置View
       */
      @Override
      protected void onSizeChanged(int w, int h, int oldw, int oldh) {
        super.onSizeChanged(w, h, oldw, oldh);
    
        // Share the dimensions
        layout_width = w;
        layout_height = h;
    
        setupBounds();
        setupPaints();
        invalidate();
      }
    
      /**
       * 设置我们想要绘制的progress wheel的颜色
       */
      private void setupPaints() {
        barPaint.setColor(barColor);
        barPaint.setAntiAlias(true);
        barPaint.setStyle(Style.STROKE);
        barPaint.setStrokeWidth(barWidth);
    
        rimPaint.setColor(rimColor);
        rimPaint.setAntiAlias(true);
        rimPaint.setStyle(Style.STROKE);
        rimPaint.setStrokeWidth(rimWidth);
    
        circlePaint.setColor(circleColor);
        circlePaint.setAntiAlias(true);
        circlePaint.setStyle(Style.FILL);
    
        textPaint.setColor(textColor);
        textPaint.setStyle(Style.FILL);
        textPaint.setAntiAlias(true);
        textPaint.setTextSize(textSize);
    
        contourPaint.setColor(contourColor);
        contourPaint.setAntiAlias(true);
        contourPaint.setStyle(Style.STROKE);
        contourPaint.setStrokeWidth(contourSize);
      }
    
      /**
       * 设置元素的边界
       */
      private void setupBounds() {
        // 为了保持宽度和长度的一致,我们要获得layout_width和layout_height中较小的一个,从而绘制一个圆
        int minValue = Math.min(layout_width, layout_height);
    
        // 计算在绘制过程中在x,y方向的偏移量
        int xOffset = layout_width - minValue;
        int yOffset = layout_height - minValue;
    
        // 间距加上偏移量
        paddingTop = this.getPaddingTop() + (yOffset / 2);
        paddingBottom = this.getPaddingBottom() + (yOffset / 2);
        paddingLeft = this.getPaddingLeft() + (xOffset / 2);
        paddingRight = this.getPaddingRight() + (xOffset / 2);
    
        int width = getWidth(); //this.getLayoutParams().width;
        int height = getHeight(); //this.getLayoutParams().height;
    
        rectBounds = new RectF(paddingLeft,
            paddingTop,
            width - paddingRight,
            height - paddingBottom);
    
        circleBounds = new RectF(paddingLeft + barWidth,
            paddingTop + barWidth,
            width - paddingRight - barWidth,
            height - paddingBottom - barWidth);
        circleInnerContour = new RectF(circleBounds.left + (rimWidth / 2.0f) + (contourSize / 2.0f), circleBounds.top + (rimWidth / 2.0f) + (contourSize / 2.0f), circleBounds.right - (rimWidth / 2.0f) - (contourSize / 2.0f), circleBounds.bottom - (rimWidth / 2.0f) - (contourSize / 2.0f));
        circleOuterContour = new RectF(circleBounds.left - (rimWidth / 2.0f) - (contourSize / 2.0f), circleBounds.top - (rimWidth / 2.0f) - (contourSize / 2.0f), circleBounds.right + (rimWidth / 2.0f) + (contourSize / 2.0f), circleBounds.bottom + (rimWidth / 2.0f) + (contourSize / 2.0f));
    
        fullRadius = (width - paddingRight - barWidth) / 2;
        circleRadius = (fullRadius - barWidth) + 1;
      }
    
      /**
       * 从XML中解析控件的属性
       *
       * @param a the attributes to parse
       */
      private void parseAttributes(TypedArray a) {
        barWidth = (int) a.getDimension(R.styleable.ProgressWheel_barWidth,
            barWidth);
    
        rimWidth = (int) a.getDimension(R.styleable.ProgressWheel_rimWidth,
            rimWidth);
    
        spinSpeed = (int) a.getDimension(R.styleable.ProgressWheel_spinSpeed,
            spinSpeed);
    
        delayMillis = a.getInteger(R.styleable.ProgressWheel_delayMillis,
            delayMillis);
        if (delayMillis < 0) {
          delayMillis = 0;
        }
    
        barColor = a.getColor(R.styleable.ProgressWheel_barColor, barColor);
    
        barLength = (int) a.getDimension(R.styleable.ProgressWheel_barLength,
            barLength);
    
        textSize = (int) a.getDimension(R.styleable.ProgressWheel_textSize,
            textSize);
    
        textColor = (int) a.getColor(R.styleable.ProgressWheel_textColor,
            textColor);
    
        //如果text是空的,就无视它
        if (a.hasValue(R.styleable.ProgressWheel_text)) {
          setText(a.getString(R.styleable.ProgressWheel_text));
        }
    
        rimColor = (int) a.getColor(R.styleable.ProgressWheel_rimColor,
            rimColor);
    
        circleColor = (int) a.getColor(R.styleable.ProgressWheel_circleColor,
            circleColor);
    
        contourColor = a.getColor(R.styleable.ProgressWheel_contourColor, contourColor);
        contourSize = a.getDimension(R.styleable.ProgressWheel_contourSize, contourSize);
    
    
        // 使用TypedArray获得控件属性时必须要注意:使用结束后必须回收TypedArray的对象
        a.recycle();
      }
    
      //----------------------------------
      //动画
      //----------------------------------
    
      protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
        super.onDraw(canvas);
        //绘制内圆
        canvas.drawArc(circleBounds, 360, 360, false, circlePaint);
        //绘制边界
        canvas.drawArc(circleBounds, 360, 360, false, rimPaint);
        canvas.drawArc(circleOuterContour, 360, 360, false, contourPaint);
        canvas.drawArc(circleInnerContour, 360, 360, false, contourPaint);
        //绘制条纹
        if (isSpinning) {
          canvas.drawArc(circleBounds, progress - 90, barLength, false,
              barPaint);
        } else {
          canvas.drawArc(circleBounds, -90, progress, false, barPaint);
        }
        //绘制我们想要设置的文字 (并让它显示在圆水平和垂直方向的中心处)
        float textHeight = textPaint.descent() - textPaint.ascent();
        float verticalTextOffset = (textHeight / 2) - textPaint.descent();
    
        for (String s : splitText) {
          float horizontalTextOffset = textPaint.measureText(s) / 2;
          canvas.drawText(s, this.getWidth() / 2 - horizontalTextOffset,
              this.getHeight() / 2 + verticalTextOffset, textPaint);
        }
        if (isSpinning) {
          scheduleRedraw();
        }
      }
    
      private void scheduleRedraw() {
        progress += spinSpeed;
        if (progress > 360) {
          progress = 0;
        }
        postInvalidateDelayed(delayMillis);
      }
    
      /**
      *   判断wheel是否在旋转
      */
      
      public boolean isSpinning() {
        if(isSpinning){
          return true;
        } else {
          return false;
        }
      }
      
      /**
       * 重设进度条的值
       */
      public void resetCount() {
        progress = 0;
        setText("0%");
        invalidate();
      }
    
      /**
       * 停止进度条的旋转
       */
      public void stopSpinning() {
        isSpinning = false;
        progress = 0;
        postInvalidate();
      }
    
    
      /**
       * 让进度条开启旋转模式
       */
      public void spin() {
        isSpinning = true;
        postInvalidate();
      }
    
      /**
       * 让进度条每次增加1(最大值为360)
       */
      public void incrementProgress() {
        isSpinning = false;
        progress++;
        if (progress > 360)
          progress = 0;
        setText(Math.round(((float) progress / 360) * 100) + "%");
         postInvalidate();
      }
    
    
      /**
       * 设置进度条为一个确切的数值
       */
      public void setProgress(int i) {
        isSpinning = false;
        progress = i;
        postInvalidate();
      }
    
      //----------------------------------
      //get和set方法
      //----------------------------------
    
      /**
       * 设置progress bar的文字并不需要刷新View
       *
       * @param text the text to show ('
    ' constitutes a new line)
       */
      public void setText(String text) {
        this.text = text;
        splitText = this.text.split("
    ");
      }
    
      public int getCircleRadius() {
        return circleRadius;
      }
    
      public void setCircleRadius(int circleRadius) {
        this.circleRadius = circleRadius;
      }
    
      public int getBarLength() {
        return barLength;
      }
    
      public void setBarLength(int barLength) {
        this.barLength = barLength;
      }
    
      public int getBarWidth() {
        return barWidth;
      }
    
      public void setBarWidth(int barWidth) {
        this.barWidth = barWidth;
        
        if ( this.barPaint != null ) {
          this.barPaint.setStrokeWidth( this.barWidth );
        }
      }
    
      public int getTextSize() {
        return textSize;
      }
    
      public void setTextSize(int textSize) {
        this.textSize = textSize;
        
        if ( this.textPaint != null ) {
          this.textPaint.setTextSize( this.textSize );
        }
      }
    
      public int getPaddingTop() {
        return paddingTop;
      }
    
      public void setPaddingTop(int paddingTop) {
        this.paddingTop = paddingTop;
      }
    
      public int getPaddingBottom() {
        return paddingBottom;
      }
    
      public void setPaddingBottom(int paddingBottom) {
        this.paddingBottom = paddingBottom;
      }
    
      public int getPaddingLeft() {
        return paddingLeft;
      }
    
      public void setPaddingLeft(int paddingLeft) {
        this.paddingLeft = paddingLeft;
      }
    
      public int getPaddingRight() {
        return paddingRight;
      }
    
      public void setPaddingRight(int paddingRight) {
        this.paddingRight = paddingRight;
      }
    
      public int getBarColor() {
        return barColor;
      }
    
      public void setBarColor(int barColor) {
        this.barColor = barColor;
        
        if ( this.barPaint != null ) {
          this.barPaint.setColor( this.barColor );
        }
      }
    
      public int getCircleColor() {
        return circleColor;
      }
    
      public void setCircleColor(int circleColor) {
        this.circleColor = circleColor;
        
        if ( this.circlePaint != null ) {
          this.circlePaint.setColor( this.circleColor);
        }
      }
    
      public int getRimColor() {
        return rimColor;
      }
    
      public void setRimColor(int rimColor) {
        this.rimColor = rimColor;
        
        if ( this.rimPaint != null ) {
          this.rimPaint.setColor( this.rimColor );
        }
      }
    
    
      public Shader getRimShader() {
        return rimPaint.getShader();
      }
    
      public void setRimShader(Shader shader) {
        this.rimPaint.setShader(shader);
      }
    
      public int getTextColor() {
        return textColor;
      }
    
      public void setTextColor(int textColor) {
        this.textColor = textColor;
        
        if ( this.textPaint != null ) {
          this.textPaint.setColor( this.textColor );
        }
      }
    
      public int getSpinSpeed() {
        return spinSpeed;
      }
    
      public void setSpinSpeed(int spinSpeed) {
        this.spinSpeed = spinSpeed;
      }
    
      public int getRimWidth() {
        return rimWidth;
      }
    
      public void setRimWidth(int rimWidth) {
        this.rimWidth = rimWidth;
        
        if ( this.rimPaint != null ) {
          this.rimPaint.setStrokeWidth( this.rimWidth );
        }
      }
    
      public int getDelayMillis() {
        return delayMillis;
      }
    
      public void setDelayMillis(int delayMillis) {
        this.delayMillis = delayMillis;
      }
      
      public int getContourColor() {
        return contourColor;
      }
      
      public void setContourColor(int contourColor) {
        this.contourColor = contourColor;
        
        if ( contourPaint != null ) {
          this.contourPaint.setColor( this.contourColor );
        }
      }
      
      public float getContourSize() {
        return this.contourSize;
      }
      
      public void setContourSize(float contourSize) {
        this.contourSize = contourSize;
        
        if ( contourPaint != null ) {
          this.contourPaint.setStrokeWidth( this.contourSize );
        }
      }
    }
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/wangying222/p/5304990.html
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