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  • 一起谈.NET技术,详解ADO.NET连接池 狼人:

    ADO.NET中提供了连接池的功能,多数开发人员很少设置它,因为它是默认的。

    界面设置如下图:

    关闭连接池也很简单,在连接字符串如下:

    Data Source=(local);Initial Catalog=AdventureWorks;Integrated Security=SSPI;Pooling=False;

    但连接池的本质是什么样的呢?

    Reflector,打开System.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnectionConnectionString属性的设置值的方法,如下:

    代码
    private void ConnectionString_Set(string value)
    {
    DbConnectionOptions userConnectionOptions
    = null;
    DbConnectionPoolGroup group
    = this.ConnectionFactory.GetConnectionPoolGroup(value, null,
     
    ref userConnectionOptions);
    DbConnectionInternal innerConnection
    = this.InnerConnection;
    bool allowSetConnectionString = innerConnection.AllowSetConnectionString;
    if (allowSetConnectionString)
    {
    allowSetConnectionString
    = this.SetInnerConnectionFrom(DbConnectionClosedBusy.
    SingletonInstance, innerConnection);
    if (allowSetConnectionString)
    {
    this._userConnectionOptions = userConnectionOptions;
    this._poolGroup = group;
    this._innerConnection = DbConnectionClosedNeverOpened.SingletonInstance;
    }
    }
    if (!allowSetConnectionString)
    {
    throw ADP.OpenConnectionPropertySet("ConnectionString", innerConnection.State);
    }
    if (Bid.TraceOn)
    {
    string str = (userConnectionOptions != null) ? userConnectionOptions.
    UsersConnectionStringForTrace() :
    "";
    Bid.Trace(
    " %d#, '%ls'\n", this.ObjectID, str);
    }

    }

    再连接 到红色的GetConnectionPoolGroup方法,如下代码

    internal DbConnectionPoolGroup GetConnectionPoolGroup(string connectionString,
    DbConnectionPoolGroupOptions poolOptions,
    ref DbConnectionOptions userConnectionOptions)
    {

    DbConnectionPoolGroup group;

    if (ADP.IsEmpty(connectionString))

    {

    return null;

    }

    if (!this._connectionPoolGroups.TryGetValue(connectionString, out group) ||
    (group.IsDisabled
    && (group.PoolGroupOptions != null)))

    {

    DbConnectionOptions options
    = this.CreateConnectionOptions(connectionString,
    userConnectionOptions);

    if (options == null)

    {

    throw ADP.InternalConnectionError(ADP.ConnectionError.ConnectionOptionsMissing);

    }

    string str = connectionString;

    if (userConnectionOptions == null)

    {

    userConnectionOptions
    = options;

    str
    = options.Expand();

    if (str != connectionString)

    {

    return this.GetConnectionPoolGroup(str, null, ref userConnectionOptions);

    }

    }

    if ((poolOptions == null) && ADP.IsWindowsNT)

    {

    if (group != null)

    {

    poolOptions
    = group.PoolGroupOptions;

    }

    else

    {

    poolOptions
    = this.CreateConnectionPoolGroupOptions(options);

    }

    }

    DbConnectionPoolGroup group2
    = new DbConnectionPoolGroup(options, poolOptions) {

    ProviderInfo
    = this.CreateConnectionPoolGroupProviderInfo(options)

    };

    lock (this)

    {

    Dictionary dictionary
    = this._connectionPoolGroups;

    if (!dictionary.TryGetValue(str, out group))

    {

    Dictionary dictionary2
    = new Dictionary(1 + dictionary.Count);

    foreach (KeyValuePair pair in dictionary)

    {

    dictionary2.Add(pair.Key, pair.Value);

    }

    dictionary2.Add(str, group2);

    this.PerformanceCounters.NumberOfActiveConnectionPoolGroups.Increment();

    group
    = group2;

    this._connectionPoolGroups = dictionary2;

    }

    return group;

    }

    }

    if (userConnectionOptions == null)

    {

    userConnectionOptions
    = group.ConnectionOptions;

    }

    return group;

    }

    TryGetValue是判断是否存在连接字符串为connectionString的连接,存在返回到group,不存在就调用CreateConnectionOptions创建一个DbConnectionOptions,最后用

    lock (this)
    {

    Dictionary dictionary
    = this._connectionPoolGroups;

    if (!dictionary.TryGetValue(str, out group))

    {

    Dictionary dictionary2
    = new Dictionary(1 + dictionary.Count);

    foreach (KeyValuePair pair in dictionary)

    {

    dictionary2.Add(pair.Key, pair.Value);

    }

    dictionary2.Add(str, group2);

    this.PerformanceCounters.NumberOfActiveConnectionPoolGroups.Increment();

    group
    = group2;

    this._connectionPoolGroups = dictionary2;

    }

    return group;

    }

    这段代码放到连接池中,在这里,可能显示的看到,ado.NET的连接池实质上是一个Dictionary泛型集合。

    所谓的连接池,就是一个与连接对象Connection相关的集合,这不只是简单的集合,而是有一定的机制在内部。我们做开发时,可能建立Connection连接对象,关闭连接对象,有时候还调用Dispose来释放连接。下次再用时,便重新实例化一个连接。但在池中的连接不随连接对象的CloseDispose而释放。如果下次重新建立连接,连接字符串与前一次完全一模一样,则连接池就会把上次可用的连接对象赋给连接去用。如果两个连接字符串有一点不一样,即使在某一个地方多一个空格,连接池也不会以为是相同的连接,这点微软可能在内部只直接去比较两个字符串了,而不是比较连接数据库字符串的键值互相匹配。

    连接池的好处就是保留连接对象,防止下次重头再来实例化一个连接对象。

    string constr1 = "Data Source=(local);Initial Catalog=AdventureWorks;Integrated
    Security=SSPI;
    ";
    string constr2 = "Data Source=(local);Initial Catalog=Pubs;Integrated Security=SSPI;";
    string AssMark = "System.Data,Version=2.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561
    934e089
    ";
    Assembly ass
    = Assembly.Load(AssMark);

    Type SqlConType
    = null;

    foreach (Type conType in ass.GetExportedTypes())
    {

    Console.WriteLine(conType .ToString ());

    if ("System.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnection" == conType.ToString())
    {
    SqlConType
    = conType;

    }

    }

    if (SqlConType != null)

    {

    Type[] types1
    = new Type[0];

    ConstructorInfo constructorInfoObj1
    = SqlConType.GetConstructor(

    BindingFlags.Instance
    | BindingFlags.Public, null,

    CallingConventions.HasThis, types1,
    null);

    SqlConnection con1
    = (SqlConnection)constructorInfoObj1.Invoke(null);

    con1.ConnectionString
    = constr1;

    SqlConnection con2
    = (SqlConnection)constructorInfoObj1.Invoke(null);

    con2.ConnectionString
    = constr2;

    PropertyInfo PI
    = SqlConType.GetProperty("PoolGroup", BindingFlags.Instance |
    BindingFlags.NonPublic);

    object poolGroup1 = PI.GetValue(con1, null);

    object poolGroup2 = PI.GetValue(con2, null);

    }

    说明:可能找到结果后觉得非常简单,但怎么找到结果的,却是费了很大劲,几乎是5个小时,所以相把找到结果的过程简单说一下:

    一开始用Reflector发现SqlConnection中有一个PoolGroup的属性,于是就想在运行时候比较两个SqlConnection对象的这个属性,但由于这个属性是的访问修饰符是internal的,不能直接访问,只有用反射,代码(是经过优化的)如下:

    然后在倒数第一行设置断点,为比较poolGroup1poolGroup2的不同,结果发现,当连接字符串一样时,这两个对象的_objectID相同,字符串有一点不同就会不同,这点说明连接池中是用字符串本身比较的,而不是字符串中键值对进行比较。同还发现当con1con2ConnectionString不赋值时这两个对象都是null,由此说明关键是ConnectionString赋值上,所以才开始用Reflector查看这个属性的赋值方法,才有上面的代码。)

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/waw/p/2158762.html
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