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  • websocket 与 tornado 的结合

    对于socket是不陌生的,但是对于websocket我却是陌生的,不同于https,在网页中使用websocket可以同样起到ajax的作用,默默发送数据。。。

    在script中:

            ws = new WebSocket("ws://127.0.0.1:8888/chat");
            //ws接收信息
            ws.onmessage = function (event) {
                $('.container').append(event.data);
            };
            //服务端关闭,触发函数
            ws.onclose = function () {
    
            };
            //发送信息
            function sendMessage() {
                ws.send($('#txt').val());
            }

    在tornado中有专门针对websocket请求的模块,不再是https的tornado.web.Resquest而是tornado.websocket :

    import tornado.web
    import tornado.ioloop
    import tornado.websocket
    class IndexHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
    
        def get(self, *args, **kwargs):
            self.render('index.html')
    
    users = set()
    class ChatHandler(tornado.websocket.WebSocketHandler):
    
        def open(self, *args, **kwargs):
            """
            客户端和服务端已经建立连接
            1. 连接
            2. 握手
            :param args:
            :param kwargs:
            :return:
            """
            users.add(self)
    
        def on_message(self, message):
            content = self.render_string('message.html',msg=message)
            for client in users:
                client.write_message(content)
    
        def on_close(self):
            """
            客户端主动关闭连接
            :return:
            """
            users.remove(self)
    
    
    def run():
        settings = {
            'template_path': 'templates',
            'static_path': 'static',
        }
        application = tornado.web.Application([
            (r"/", IndexHandler),
            (r"/chat", ChatHandler),
    
        ], **settings)
        application.listen(8888)
        tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.instance().start()
    
    
    if __name__ == "__main__":
        run()

     通过socket完成接受websocket数据的代码

    import socket
    import base64
    import hashlib
    
    def get_headers(data):
        """
        将请求头格式化成字典
        :param data:
        :return:
        """
        header_dict = {}
        data = str(data, encoding='utf-8')
    
        header, body = data.split('
    
    ', 1)
        header_list = header.split('
    ')
        for i in range(0, len(header_list)):
            if i == 0:
                if len(header_list[i].split(' ')) == 3:
                    header_dict['method'], header_dict['url'], header_dict['protocol'] = header_list[i].split(' ')
            else:
                k, v = header_list[i].split(':', 1)
                header_dict[k] = v.strip()
        return header_dict
    
    def send_msg(conn, msg_bytes):
        import struct
    
        token = b"x81"
        length = len(msg_bytes)
        if length < 126:
            token += struct.pack("B", length)
        elif length <= 0xFFFF:
            token += struct.pack("!BH", 126, length)
        else:
            token += struct.pack("!BQ", 127, length)
    
        msg = token + msg_bytes
        conn.send(msg)
        return True
    
    sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
    sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
    sock.bind(('127.0.0.1', 8002))
    sock.listen(5)
    
    # 等待用户连接
    conn, address = sock.accept()
    # [握手消息]
    data = conn.recv(8096)
    headers = get_headers(data)
    # for k,v in headers.items():
    #     print(k,v)
    magic_string =  '258EAFA5-E914-47DA-95CA-C5AB0DC85B11'
    value = headers['Sec-WebSocket-Key'] + magic_string
    ac = base64.b64encode(hashlib.sha1(value.encode('utf-8')).digest())
    
    response_tpl = "HTTP/1.1 101 Switching Protocols
    " 
                       "Upgrade:websocket
    " 
                       "Connection:Upgrade
    " 
                       "Sec-WebSocket-Accept:%s
    " 
                       "WebSocket-Location:ws://%s%s
    
    "
    # 获取[握手消息],magic string,sha1加密
    # 发送会客户端
    response_str = response_tpl % (ac.decode('utf-8'), headers['Host'], headers['url'])
    conn.send(bytes(response_str, encoding='utf-8'))
    
    while True:
        info = conn.recv(8096)
        payload_len = info[1] & 127
        if payload_len == 126:
            extend_payload_len = info[2:4]
            mask = info[4:8]
            decoded = info[8:]
        elif payload_len == 127:
            extend_payload_len = info[2:10]
            mask = info[10:14]
            decoded = info[14:]
        else:
            extend_payload_len = None
            mask = info[2:6]
            decoded = info[6:]
    
        bytes_list = bytearray()
        for i in range(len(decoded)):
            chunk = decoded[i] ^ mask[i % 4]
            bytes_list.append(chunk)
        body = str(bytes_list, encoding='utf-8')
    
        send_msg(conn,bytes(body,encoding='utf-8'))

    对于具体的详解请看:https://www.cnblogs.com/wupeiqi/p/6558766.html

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/wbdream/p/10548700.html
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