websocket 与 tornado 的结合

对于socket是不陌生的，但是对于websocket我却是陌生的，不同于https，在网页中使用websocket可以同样起到ajax的作用，默默发送数据。。。

在script中：

        ws = new WebSocket("ws://127.0.0.1:8888/chat");
        //ws接收信息
        ws.onmessage = function (event) {
            $('.container').append(event.data);
        };
        //服务端关闭，触发函数
        ws.onclose = function () {

        };
        //发送信息
        function sendMessage() {
            ws.send($('#txt').val());
        }

在tornado中有专门针对websocket请求的模块，不再是https的tornado.web.Resquest而是tornado.websocket ：

import tornado.web
import tornado.ioloop
import tornado.websocket
class IndexHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):

    def get(self, *args, **kwargs):
        self.render('index.html')

users = set()
class ChatHandler(tornado.websocket.WebSocketHandler):

    def open(self, *args, **kwargs):
        """
        客户端和服务端已经建立连接
        1. 连接
        2. 握手
        :param args:
        :param kwargs:
        :return:
        """
        users.add(self)

    def on_message(self, message):
        content = self.render_string('message.html',msg=message)
        for client in users:
            client.write_message(content)

    def on_close(self):
        """
        客户端主动关闭连接
        :return:
        """
        users.remove(self)


def run():
    settings = {
        'template_path': 'templates',
        'static_path': 'static',
    }
    application = tornado.web.Application([
        (r"/", IndexHandler),
        (r"/chat", ChatHandler),

    ], **settings)
    application.listen(8888)
    tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.instance().start()


if __name__ == "__main__":
    run()

 通过socket完成接受websocket数据的代码

import socket
import base64
import hashlib

def get_headers(data):
    """
    将请求头格式化成字典
    :param data:
    :return:
    """
    header_dict = {}
    data = str(data, encoding='utf-8')

    header, body = data.split('

', 1)
    header_list = header.split('
')
    for i in range(0, len(header_list)):
        if i == 0:
            if len(header_list[i].split(' ')) == 3:
                header_dict['method'], header_dict['url'], header_dict['protocol'] = header_list[i].split(' ')
        else:
            k, v = header_list[i].split(':', 1)
            header_dict[k] = v.strip()
    return header_dict

def send_msg(conn, msg_bytes):
    import struct

    token = b"x81"
    length = len(msg_bytes)
    if length < 126:
        token += struct.pack("B", length)
    elif length <= 0xFFFF:
        token += struct.pack("!BH", 126, length)
    else:
        token += struct.pack("!BQ", 127, length)

    msg = token + msg_bytes
    conn.send(msg)
    return True

sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
sock.bind(('127.0.0.1', 8002))
sock.listen(5)

# 等待用户连接
conn, address = sock.accept()
# [握手消息]
data = conn.recv(8096)
headers = get_headers(data)
# for k,v in headers.items():
#     print(k,v)
magic_string =  '258EAFA5-E914-47DA-95CA-C5AB0DC85B11'
value = headers['Sec-WebSocket-Key'] + magic_string
ac = base64.b64encode(hashlib.sha1(value.encode('utf-8')).digest())

response_tpl = "HTTP/1.1 101 Switching Protocols
" 
                   "Upgrade:websocket
" 
                   "Connection:Upgrade
" 
                   "Sec-WebSocket-Accept:%s
" 
                   "WebSocket-Location:ws://%s%s

"
# 获取[握手消息]，magic string,sha1加密
# 发送会客户端
response_str = response_tpl % (ac.decode('utf-8'), headers['Host'], headers['url'])
conn.send(bytes(response_str, encoding='utf-8'))

while True:
    info = conn.recv(8096)
    payload_len = info[1] & 127
    if payload_len == 126:
        extend_payload_len = info[2:4]
        mask = info[4:8]
        decoded = info[8:]
    elif payload_len == 127:
        extend_payload_len = info[2:10]
        mask = info[10:14]
        decoded = info[14:]
    else:
        extend_payload_len = None
        mask = info[2:6]
        decoded = info[6:]

    bytes_list = bytearray()
    for i in range(len(decoded)):
        chunk = decoded[i] ^ mask[i % 4]
        bytes_list.append(chunk)
    body = str(bytes_list, encoding='utf-8')

    send_msg(conn,bytes(body,encoding='utf-8'))

对于具体的详解请看：https://www.cnblogs.com/wupeiqi/p/6558766.html