java之JDBC

java之JDBC

一.什么是JDBC

Java 数据库连接，（Java Database Connectivity，简称JDBC）是Java语言中用来规范客户端程序如何来访问数据库的应用程序接口，提供了诸如查询和更新数据库中数据的方法。JDBC也是Sun Microsystems的商标。JDBC是面向关系型数据库的。

首先要获取连接：

private static Connection getConn() {
    String driver = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver";
    String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/samp_db";
    String username = "root";
    String password = "";
    Connection conn = null;
    try {
        Class.forName(driver); //classLoader,加载对应驱动
        conn = (Connection) DriverManager.getConnection(url, username, password);
    } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    } catch (SQLException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
    return conn;
}

进行添加的代码例子：

private static int insert(Student student) {
    Connection conn = getConn();
    int i = 0;
    String sql = "insert into students (Name,Sex,Age) values(?,?,?)";
    PreparedStatement pstmt;
    try {
        pstmt = (PreparedStatement) conn.prepareStatement(sql);
        pstmt.setString(1, student.getName());
        pstmt.setString(2, student.getSex());
        pstmt.setString(3, student.getAge());
        i = pstmt.executeUpdate();
        pstmt.close();
        conn.close();
    } catch (SQLException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
    return i;
}

进行更新的代码例子：

private static int update(Student student) {
    Connection conn = getConn();
    int i = 0;
    String sql = "update students set Age='" + student.getAge() + "' where Name='" + student.getName() + "'";
    PreparedStatement pstmt;
    try {
        pstmt = (PreparedStatement) conn.prepareStatement(sql);
        i = pstmt.executeUpdate();
        System.out.println("resutl: " + i);
        pstmt.close();
        conn.close();
    } catch (SQLException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
    return i;
}

进行查询的代码例子：

private static Integer getAll() {
    Connection conn = getConn();
    String sql = "select * from students";
    PreparedStatement pstmt;
    try {
        pstmt = (PreparedStatement)conn.prepareStatement(sql);
        ResultSet rs = pstmt.executeQuery();
        int col = rs.getMetaData().getColumnCount();
        System.out.println("============================");
        while (rs.next()) {
            for (int i = 1; i <= col; i++) {
                System.out.print(rs.getString(i) + "	");
                if ((i == 2) && (rs.getString(i).length() < 8)) {
                    System.out.print("	");
                }
             }
            System.out.println("");
        }
            System.out.println("============================");
    } catch (SQLException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
    return null;
}

进行删除的代码例子：

private static int delete(String name) {
    Connection conn = getConn();
    int i = 0;
    String sql = "delete from students where Name='" + name + "'";
    PreparedStatement pstmt;
    try {
        pstmt = (PreparedStatement) conn.prepareStatement(sql);
        i = pstmt.executeUpdate();
        System.out.println("resutl: " + i);
        pstmt.close();
        conn.close();
    } catch (SQLException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
    return i;
}

jdbc在执行增删改查的时候的通用流程：

(1)创建Connection对象、SQL查询命令字符串；

　　(2)对Connection对象传入SQL查询命令，获得PreparedStatement对象；

　　(3)对PreparedStatement对象执行executeUpdate()或executeQurey()获得结果；

　　(4)先后关闭PreparedStatement对象和Connection对象。

　　可见，使用JDBC时，最常打交道的是Connection、PreparedStatement这两个类，以及select中的ResultSet类。