统计学_筛选试验

筛选试验是一种对产品进行全数检验的非破坏性试验。

 

中文名

筛选试验

作    用

对产品进行全数检验

目    的

剔早期失效的产品等

特    点

这种试验是100%试验

其目的是为选择具有一定特性的产品或剔早期失效的产品，以提高产品的使用可靠性。产品在制造过程中，由于材料的缺陷，或由于工艺失控，使部分产品出现所谓早期缺陷或故障，这些缺陷或故障若能及早剔除，就可以保证在实际使用时产品的可靠性水平。

可靠性筛选试验的特点是：

A. 这种试验不是抽样的，而是100%试验；

B. 该试验可以提高合格品的总的可靠性水平，但不能提高产品的固有可靠性，即不能提高每个产品的寿命；

C. 不能简单地以筛选淘汰率的高低来评价筛选效果。淘汰率高，有可能是产品本身的设计、元件、工艺等方面存在严重缺陷，但也有可能是筛选应力强度太高。淘汰率 低，有可能产品缺陷少，但也可能是筛选应力的强度和试验时间不足造成的。通常以筛选淘汰率Q和筛选效果β值来评价筛选方法的优劣：合理的筛选方法应该是β 值较大，而Q值适中。

 

 

 

 

What are screening tests?

筛选实验：人们有症状前就进行预防性检验，例如新生儿筛选实验，胆固醇测试或宫颈涂片测试

诊断测试：根据人们的症状进行测试

Screening tests are laboratory tests that help to identify people with increased risk for a condition or disease before they have symptoms or even realize they may be at risk so that preventive measures can be taken. They are an important part of preventive health care.

Screening tests help detect disease in its earliest and most treatable stages. Therefore, they are most valuable when they are used to screen for diseases that are both serious and treatable, so that there is a benefit to detecting the disease before symptoms begin.

They should be sensitive - that is, able to correctly identify those individuals who have a given disease. Many routine tests performed at regular health exams are screening tests. Cholesterol testing and Pap smears for women are examples. Newborns are screened for a variety of conditions at birth.

A positive screening test often requires further testing with a more specific test. This is important in order to correctly exclude those individuals who do not have the given disease or to confirm a diagnosis.

A diagnostic test may be used for screening purposes, but a diagnostic test is generally used to confirm a diagnosis in someone who has signs, symptoms, or other evidence of a particular disease.

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