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返璞归真 asp.net mvc (5) - Action Filter, UpdateModel, ModelBinder, Ajax, Unit Test
作者：webabcd
介绍
asp.net mvc 之 Action Filter, UpdateModel, ModelBinder, Ajax, Unit Test
- Action Filter - 在 Controller 层对信息做过滤。如何实现自定义的 Action Filter
- UpdateModel - 根据参数自动为对象的属性赋值
- ModelBinder - 定义如何绑定 Model，DefaultModelBinder 实现了 IModelBinder ，其可以根据名称自动将参数赋值到对象对应的属性上
- Ajax - 在 asp.net mvc 中使用 ajax
- Unit Test - 在 asp.net mvc 中使用单元测试
示例
1、asp.net mvc 自带的 Action Filter 的演示
FilterDemoController.cs
using System;using System.Collections.Generic;using System.Linq;using System.Web;using System.Web.Mvc;using System.Web.Mvc.Ajax;using MVC.Models;namespace MVC.Controllers
{
// HandleError - 出现异常时跳转到 Error.aspx（先在指定的 view 文件夹找，找不到再在 Shared 文件夹下找） // 需要 web.config 配置 - <customErrors mode="On" /> [HandleError] public class FilterDemoController : Controller
{ // 每一个 Filter 都有一个 Order 属性，其用来指定 Filter 的执行顺序 // [NonAction] - 当前方法为普通方法，不解析为 Action // [AcceptVerbs(HttpVerbs)] - 调用该 Action 的 http 方法 // HttpVerbs 枚举成员如下： HttpVerbs.Get, HttpVerbs.Post, HttpVerbs.Put, HttpVerbs.Delete, HttpVerbs.Head ProductSystem ps = new ProductSystem(); // ActionName() - Action 的名称。默认值同方法名称 [ActionName("Product")] // ValidateInput() - 相当于 @ Page 的 ValidateRequest, 用于验证请求中是否存在危险代码。可防止 XSS 攻击。默认值为 true [ValidateInput(false)] public ActionResult Details(int id) { var product = ps.GetProduct(id); return View("Details", product);
} // ValidateAntiForgeryToken() - 避免 CSRF 攻击（需要视图页面中使用 Html.AntiForgeryToken()）。原理：生成一个随机字符串，将其同时写入 cookie 和 hidden，当 form 提交到 action 时，验证二者是否相等并且验证提交源是否是本站页面（详查 asp.net mvc 的源代码） // 拼 sql 的时候防止 sql 注入：使用 @Parameter 的方式 [ValidateAntiForgeryToken()] public ActionResult ValidateAntiForgeryTokenTest() { return Content("ValidateAntiForgeryToken"); } // OutputCache() - 缓存。Duration - 缓存秒数。VaryByParam - none, *, 多个参数用逗号隔开 [OutputCache(Duration = 10, VaryByParam = "none")] // [OutputCache(CacheProfile = "MyCache")] - 通过配置文件对缓存做设置。可以参看 http://www.cnblogs.com/webabcd/archive/2007/02/15/651419.html public ActionResult OutputCacheDemo() { return Content(DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm:ss")); } public ActionResult HandleErrorDemo() { throw new Exception("HandleErrorDemo"); } // Authorize() - 验证。走的是 membership [Authorize(Users = "user")] // [Authorize(Roles = "role")] // Request.IsAuthenticated - 返回一个 bool 值，用于指示请求是否通过了验证 public ActionResult AuthorizeDemo() { return Content("Authorize"); } // 自定义的 Action Filter 的 Demo [MyFilter()] public ActionResult MyFilterDemo() { return Content("MyFilterDemo" + "<br />"); } }
}自定的 Action Filter 的实现
MyFilter.cs
using System;using System.Collections.Generic;using System.Linq;using System.Web;using System.Web.Mvc;namespace MVC{ /// <summary> /// 自定义的 Action Filter，需要继承 ActionFilterAttribute /// </summary> public class MyFilter : ActionFilterAttribute { public override void OnActionExecuting(ActionExecutingContext filterContext) { HttpContext.Current.Response.Write("OnActionExecuting" + "<br />"); } public override void OnActionExecuted(ActionExecutedContext filterContext) { HttpContext.Current.Response.Write("OnActionExecuted" + "<br />"); } public override void OnResultExecuting(ResultExecutingContext filterContext) { HttpContext.Current.Response.Write("OnResultExecuting" + "<br />"); } public override void OnResultExecuted(ResultExecutedContext filterContext) { HttpContext.Current.Response.Write("OnResultExecuted" + "<br />"); } }}Details.aspx
<%@ Page Title="" Language="C#" MasterPageFile="~/Views/Shared/Site.Master" Inherits="System.Web.Mvc.ViewPage<MVC.Models.Products>" %><asp:Content ID="Content1" ContentPlaceHolderID="TitleContent" runat="server"> Details</asp:Content><asp:Content ID="Content2" ContentPlaceHolderID="MainContent" runat="server"> <% Html.BeginForm("ValidateAntiForgeryTokenTest", "FilterDemo"); %> <%= Html.AntiForgeryToken() %> <h2> Details</h2> <p> <strong>ProductID:</strong> <%= Html.Encode(Model.ProductID) %> </p> <p> <strong>ProductName:</strong> <%= Html.Encode(Model.ProductName) %> </p> <p> <input type="submit" name="btnSubmit" value="submit" /> </p> <% Html.EndForm(); %></asp:Content>2、应用 UpdateModel 的 Demo
UpdateModelController.cs
using System;using System.Collections.Generic;using System.Linq;using System.Web;using System.Web.Mvc;using System.Web.Mvc.Ajax;namespace MVC.Controllers{ public class UpdateModelController : Controller { public ActionResult Details(string name, int age) { User user = new User(); // UpdateModel() 和 TryUpdateModel() - 系统根据参数自动为对象的属性赋值 base.UpdateModel(user); // 失败抛异常 // base.TryUpdateModel(user); // 失败不抛异常 ViewData.Model = user; return View(); } }}Details.aspx
<%@ Page Title="" Language="C#" MasterPageFile="~/Views/Shared/Site.Master" Inherits="System.Web.Mvc.ViewPage<MVC.Controllers.User>" %><asp:Content ID="Content1" ContentPlaceHolderID="TitleContent" runat="server"> Details</asp:Content><asp:Content ID="Content2" ContentPlaceHolderID="MainContent" runat="server"> <h2> Details</h2> <p> <strong>UserId:</strong> <%= Model.ID %> </p> <p> <strong>Name:</strong> <%= Model.Name%> </p> <p> <strong>Age:</strong> <%= Model.Age%> </p></asp:Content>3、演示什么是 ModelBinder
ModelBinderController.cs
using System;using System.Collections.Generic;using System.Linq;using System.Web;using System.Web.Mvc;using System.Web.Mvc.Ajax;namespace MVC.Controllers{ public class ModelBinderController : Controller { /// <summary> /// 路由过来的或者参数过来的，会自动地赋值到对象的对应的属性上 /// 做这个工作的就是实现了 IModelBinder 接口的 DefaultModelBinder /// </summary> public ActionResult Details(User user) { base.ViewData.Model = user; // ModelState - 保存 Model 的状态，包括相应的错误信息等 if (!base.ModelState.IsValid) { foreach (var state in ModelState) { if (!base.ModelState.IsValidField(state.Key)) ViewData["errorMsg"] = state.Key + "/" + state.Value.Value.AttemptedValue + "<br />"; } } return View(); } }}Details.aspx
<%@ Page Title="" Language="C#" MasterPageFile="~/Views/Shared/Site.Master" Inherits="System.Web.Mvc.ViewPage" %><asp:Content ID="Content1" ContentPlaceHolderID="TitleContent" runat="server"> Details</asp:Content><asp:Content ID="Content2" ContentPlaceHolderID="MainContent" runat="server"> <h2> Details</h2> <% var model = ((MVC.Controllers.User)ViewData.Model); %> <p> <strong>UserId:</strong> <%= model.ID %> </p> <p> <strong>Name:</strong> <%= model.Name %> </p> <p> <strong>Age:</strong> <%= model.Age %> </p> <p> <strong>error:</strong> <%= ViewData["errorMsg"] %> </p></asp:Content>4、使用 ajax 的 Demo
<p> Ajax <script src="http://www.cnblogs.com/Scripts/MicrosoftAjax.debug.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="http://www.cnblogs.com/Scripts/MicrosoftMvcAjax.debug.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <br /> <!-- AjaxHelper 简要说明 --> <%= Ajax.ActionLink( "ProductId 为 1 的详情页", "Details", "Product", new { id = 1 }, new AjaxOptions { UpdateTargetId = "ajax" } ) %> </p> <div id="ajax" />5、在 VS 中做单元测试
ProductControllerTest.cs
using MVC.Controllers;using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting.Web;using System.Web.Mvc;using MVC.Models;using System.Collections.Generic;namespace MVC.Tests{ /// <summary> ///这是 ProductControllerTest 的测试类，旨在 ///包含所有 ProductControllerTest 单元测试 ///</summary> [TestClass()] public class ProductControllerTest { private TestContext testContextInstance; /// <summary> ///获取或设置测试上下文，上下文提供 ///有关当前测试运行及其功能的信息。 ///</summary> public TestContext TestContext { get { return testContextInstance; } set { testContextInstance = value; } }
附加测试属性 /// <summary> ///Index 的测试 ///</summary> // TODO: 确保 UrlToTest 属性指定一个指向 ASP.NET 页的 URL(例如， // http://
/Default.aspx)。这对于在 Web 服务器上执行单元测试是必需的， //无论要测试页、Web 服务还是 WCF 服务都是如此。 [TestMethod()] [HostType("ASP.NET")] [AspNetDevelopmentServerHost("C:\\MVC\\MVC", "/")] [UrlToTest("http://localhost:2005/")] public void IndexTest() { ProductController target = new ProductController(); // TODO: 初始化为适当的值 int pageIndex = 0; // TODO: 初始化为适当的值 ViewResult actual; actual = target.Index(pageIndex) as ViewResult; Assert.AreNotEqual(actual.ViewData.Model as List<Products>, null); } }}OK
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