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  • 虚拟机扩展Linux根目录磁盘空间

    简要扩展空间方法http://www.kwx.gd/CentOSApp/Xen-Centos6-Mounted-HardDrive.html

    最近在VMware虚拟机上使用Centos，用着用着，发现虚拟机的磁盘空间不够了。通过以下步骤成功扩展了根目录的磁盘空间

    1、Centos 关机，选择编辑虚拟机设置，硬盘，在实用工具那里选择“扩展”

    填写扩展的磁盘容量

    点击扩展后，VMware会提示磁盘已成功扩展。您必须从客户机操作系统内部对磁盘重新进行分区和扩展文件系统。也就是说，这里扩展的磁盘空间，在操作系统里面还不可用，还没生效，需要在操作系统里面进行设置后才能使用。

    2、启动客户机操作系统Centos，查看磁盘情况

    输入指令

    fdisk -l

    显示结果如下

    • Disk /dev/loop0: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes
      255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 13054 cylinders
      Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
      Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
      I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
      Disk identifier: 0x00000000


      Disk /dev/loop1: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes
      255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 261 cylinders
      Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
      Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
      I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
      Disk identifier: 0x00000000


      Disk /dev/sda: 37.6 GB, 37580963840 bytes
      255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 4568 cylinders
      Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
      Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
      I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
      Disk identifier: 0x000c8278

      Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
      /dev/sda1 * 1 64 512000 83 Linux
      Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
      /dev/sda2 64 1306 9972736 8e Linux LVM

      Disk /dev/mapper/vg_test001-lv_root: 9135 MB, 9135194112 bytes
      255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1110 cylinders
      Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
      Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
      I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
      Disk identifier: 0x00000000


      Disk /dev/mapper/vg_test001-lv_swap: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes
      255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 130 cylinders
      Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
      Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
      I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
      Disk identifier: 0x00000000


      Disk /dev/mapper/docker-253:0-264224-pool: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes
      255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 13054 cylinders
      Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
      Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
      I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 65536 bytes
      Disk identifier: 0x00000000

    其中，可以看到现在的分区情况如下

    • Device　　 Boot 　　Start　　 End 　　Blocks　　Id 　　System
    • /dev/sda1 　　 * 　 　 1 　　　 64 　　 512000　　83 　　 Linux
    • Partition  1  does not end on cylinder boundary.
    • /dev/sda2 　　　　　　 64 　　306　　 9972736　 8e　　Linux LVM

    3、创建分区 sda3

    输入指令

    fdisk /dev/sda

    然后根据命令提示创建分区，具体见以下 # 后面的注释

    WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It s strongly recommended to
         switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
         sectors (command 'u').

Command (m for help): n   # 输入 n 表示创建新分区
Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 3   # 输入 3 表示sda3，因为前面已经有两个了
First cylinder (1306-4568, default 1306):     # 回车，按默认值
Using default value 1306
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1306-4568, default 4568):   # 回车，按默认值
Using default value 4568

Command (m for help): w     # 输入 w 保存退出 
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.

    再次查看分区情况

    fdisk -l

    这时可以看到

    • Disk /dev/loop0: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes
      255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 13054 cylinders
      Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
      Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
      I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
      Disk identifier: 0x00000000


      Disk /dev/loop1: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes
      255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 261 cylinders
      Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
      Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
      I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
      Disk identifier: 0x00000000


      Disk /dev/sda: 37.6 GB, 37580963840 bytes
      255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 4568 cylinders
      Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
      Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
      I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
      Disk identifier: 0x000c8278

      Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
      /dev/sda1 * 1 64 512000 83 Linux
      Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
      /dev/sda2 64 1306 9972736 8e Linux LVM
      /dev/sda3 1306 4568 26206700 83 Linux

      Disk /dev/mapper/vg_test001-lv_root: 9135 MB, 9135194112 bytes
      255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1110 cylinders
      Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
      Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
      I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
      Disk identifier: 0x00000000


      Disk /dev/mapper/vg_test001-lv_swap: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes
      255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 130 cylinders
      Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
      Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
      I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
      Disk identifier: 0x00000000


      Disk /dev/mapper/docker-253:0-264224-pool: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes
      255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 13054 cylinders
      Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
      Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
      I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 65536 bytes
      Disk identifier: 0x00000000

    其中，分区已变为3个了，但这时还没挂载，还不能用

    • Device　　　 Boot　　Start　　 End　 　Blocks 　 　Id　　 System
    • /dev/sda1 　　 *  　　　1 　　　64 　　　512000　　83　　 Linux
    • Partition 　1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
    • /dev/sda2　　　　　　 64 　　 1306 　　9972736　　8e　　Linux LVM
    • /dev/sda3 　　　　　 1306 　　4568　　26206700  　 83  　Linux

    4、重启操作系统

    reboot

    5、格式化新分区为ext3

    输入指令

    mkfs -t ext3 /dev/sda3

    结果为

    • mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
      Filesystem label=
      OS type: Linux
      Block size=4096 (log=2)
      Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
      Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
      1638400 inodes, 6551675 blocks
      327583 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
      First data block=0
      Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296
      200 block groups
      32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
      8192 inodes per group
      Superblock backups stored on blocks:
      32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
      4096000

      Writing inode tables: done
      Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
      Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

      This filesystem will be automatically checked every 33 mounts or
      180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

    6、将物理硬盘分区初始化为物理卷，以便被LVM使用，输入指令

    lvs
pvcreate /dev/sda3

    7、向卷组中添加物理卷来增加卷组的容量

    查看lvm组名，输入指令 df -h

    [root@test001 ~]# df -h
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg_test001-lv_root #这个是卷组
                      8.3G  5.4G  2.5G  69% /
tmpfs                1001M     0 1001M   0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1             477M   54M  394M  12% /boot

    其中，vg_test001 就是 根 所在的组名

    输入指令，增加卷组的容量

    vgextend vg_test001 /dev/sda3  #组名根据实际

    8、查看可扩展的空间大小

    输入指令，显示LNM卷组的元数据信息

    vgdisplay

    结果为

      • --- Volume group ---
        VG Name vg_test001
        System ID
        Format lvm2
        Metadata Areas 2
        Metadata Sequence No 4
        VG Access read/write
        VG Status resizable
        MAX LV 0
        Cur LV 2
        Open LV 2
        Max PV 0
        Cur PV 2
        Act PV 2
        VG Size 34.50 GiB
        PE Size 4.00 MiB
        Total PE 8831
        Alloc PE / Size 2434 / 9.51 GiB
        Free PE / Size 6397 / 24.99 GiB　　# 剩余可分配空间，1G=256 
        VG UUID JuPKc8-Ydps-1bsN-0Wld-fbYS-0Hd2-NgvX1q

    其中 Free PE / Size 就是可供分配的自由空间，最多有 24.99G，在扩展时输入小于该值 

    9、扩充磁盘空间

    lvextend -L+24G /dev/mapper/vg_test001-lv_root /dev/sda3

    或
    lvextend -L+6397 /dev/mapper/vg_test001-lv_root /dev/sda3

    10、使用e2fsck指令检查文件系统错误

    e2fsck -a /dev/mapper/vg_test001-lv_root

    11、使用resize2fs指令来增大或者收缩未加载的“ext2/ext3”文件系统的大小

    resize2fs /dev/mapper/vg_test001-lv_root

    12、查看扩展空间后的结果

    [root@test001 ~]# df -h
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg_test001-lv_root
                       32G  5.4G   26G  18% /
tmpfs                1001M     0 1001M   0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1             477M   54M  394M  12% /boot

    可以看出，在根目录下磁盘空间已经扩容了，大功告成！
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  • 原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/wei9593/p/11810941.html
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