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  • Django源码解析:setting.py

    1. setting.py文件

    我们在django项目中,新建一个app的时候,都会有一个setting.py文件,里面包含了整个项目所有的配置,包括apps,中间键,数据库等等,django是如何将该setting文件利用起来的呢。

    2. 从setting.py配置文件到Setting类

    (1)启动的时候,指定默认的配置文件

    django在启动的时候,会调用manage.py文件运行server的实例,在文件一开始的时候,manage.py会调用下面代码

    os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "djtest.settings")

    设置默认的配置文件的环境变量DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE,该环境变量的名称,定义在django/conf/_init.py文件里面

    ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE = "DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE"

    (2)根据配置文件里面的配置项,提取到django/conf/_init.py里面的Setting类里面

    过程主要包含两步

    1. 根据DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE指定的配置文件调用mod = importlib.import_module(self.SETTINGS_MODULE),将该模块import

    2. 调用for setting in dir(mod)  遍历该mod的属性,将所有的大写的配置属性,提出取来,利用setattr(self, setting, setting_value),保存为自己的属性。

    class Settings(BaseSettings):
        def __init__(self, settings_module):
            # update this dict from global settings (but only for ALL_CAPS settings)
            for setting in dir(global_settings):
                if setting.isupper():
                    setattr(self, setting, getattr(global_settings, setting))
    
            # store the settings module in case someone later cares
            self.SETTINGS_MODULE = settings_module
    
            try:
                # 根据 manage.py 中的os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "djtest.settings"),设置的配置文件,import该配置文件
                mod = importlib.import_module(self.SETTINGS_MODULE)
            except ImportError as e:
                raise ImportError(
                    "Could not import settings '%s' (Is it on sys.path? Is there an import error in the settings file?): %s"
                    % (self.SETTINGS_MODULE, e)
                )
    
    
            tuple_settings = ("INSTALLED_APPS", "TEMPLATE_DIRS")
            # setting文件里面显示申明的属性集合,是个set类型的,是个集合
            self._explicit_settings = set()
            # dir(object)返回object的属性方法列表,因此,这里dir会返回setting文件里面的所有等号左边的属性
            for setting in dir(mod):
                if setting.isupper():
                    setting_value = getattr(mod, setting)
    
                    if (setting in tuple_settings and
                            isinstance(setting_value, six.string_types)):
                        raise ImproperlyConfigured("The %s setting must be a tuple. "
                                "Please fix your settings." % setting)
                    # 将setting文件里面的所有属性提出来,放到这个Setting类里面来
                    setattr(self, setting, setting_value)
                    self._explicit_settings.add(setting)
    
            if not self.SECRET_KEY:
                raise ImproperlyConfigured("The SECRET_KEY setting must not be empty.")
    
            if hasattr(time, 'tzset') and self.TIME_ZONE:
                # When we can, attempt to validate the timezone. If we can't find
                # this file, no check happens and it's harmless.
                zoneinfo_root = '/usr/share/zoneinfo'
                if (os.path.exists(zoneinfo_root) and not
                        os.path.exists(os.path.join(zoneinfo_root, *(self.TIME_ZONE.split('/'))))):
                    raise ValueError("Incorrect timezone setting: %s" % self.TIME_ZONE)
                # Move the time zone info into os.environ. See ticket #2315 for why
                # we don't do this unconditionally (breaks Windows).
                os.environ['TZ'] = self.TIME_ZONE
                time.tzset()
                
        def is_overridden(self, setting):
            return setting in self._explicit_settings

    (3)django的其他模块在使用配置文件里面的配置项的时候,就是从Setting类中获取,而不从配置文件直接获取。

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/weishenhong/p/4929098.html
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