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  • 【Java集合】-- CopyOnWriteArrayList源码解析


    CopyOnWriteArrayList是ArrayList的线程安全版本,内部也是通过数组实现,每次对数组的修改都完全拷贝一份新的数组来修改,修改完了再替换掉老数组,这样保证了只阻塞写操作,不阻塞读操作,实现读写分离。

    继承体系

    图片

    • CopyOnWriteArrayList实现了List, RandomAccess, Cloneable, java.io.Serializable等接口。
    • CopyOnWriteArrayList实现了List,提供了基础的添加、删除、遍历等操作。
    • CopyOnWriteArrayList实现了RandomAccess,提供了随机访问的能力。
    • CopyOnWriteArrayList实现了Cloneable,可以被克隆。
    • CopyOnWriteArrayList实现了Serializable,可以被序列化。

    源码解析

    1.属性

    //对数组修改时进行加锁
    final transient ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
    //存储元素的数组
    private transient volatile Object[] array;
    

    2.构造方法

    无参构造

    public CopyOnWriteArrayList() {
        //通过set方法直接创建一个空数组
        setArray(new Object[0]);
    }
    

    参数为Collection的构造方法

    public CopyOnWriteArrayList(Collection<? extends E> c) {
        Object[] elements;
        if (c.getClass() == CopyOnWriteArrayList.class)
            //如果传入的集合是一个CopyOnWriteArrayList类型,直接把c的数组拿来使用
            elements = ((CopyOnWriteArrayList<?>)c).getArray();
        else {
            //c不是CopyOnWriteArrayList类型,toArray把集合转为数组
            elements = c.toArray();
            // c.toArray might (incorrectly) not return Object[] (see 6260652)
            //把数组的返回值类型转换为Object[]
            if (elements.getClass() != Object[].class)
                elements = Arrays.copyOf(elements, elements.length, Object[].class);
        }
        //把创建的elements数组赋值给array
        setArray(elements);
    }
    

    参数为E的构造方法

    public CopyOnWriteArrayList(E[] toCopyIn) {
        //直接把数组拷贝给array
        setArray(Arrays.copyOf(toCopyIn, toCopyIn.length, Object[].class));
    }
    

    2.添加元素

    add(E e)

    public boolean add(E e) {
        final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
        //加锁确保线程安全
        //使用try--finally确保锁在使用结束释放
        lock.lock();
        //把数组长度加一,然后把要添加的元素放在数组末尾
        try {
            Object[] elements = getArray();
            int len = elements.length;
            Object[] newElements = Arrays.copyOf(elements, len + 1);
            newElements[len] = e;
            setArray(newElements);
            return true;
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }
    

    add(int index, E element)

    public void add(int index, E element) {
        final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
        //加锁
        lock.lock();
        try {
            Object[] elements = getArray();
            int len = elements.length;
            //越界检测
            if (index > len || index < 0)
                throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("Index: "+index+
                                                    ", Size: "+len);
            Object[] newElements;
            int numMoved = len - index;
            if (numMoved == 0)
                //要插入元素正好在数组结尾
                newElements = Arrays.copyOf(elements, len + 1);
            else {
                newElements = new Object[len + 1];
                System.arraycopy(elements, 0, newElements, 0, index);
                System.arraycopy(elements, index, newElements, index + 1,
                                 numMoved);
            }
            //把元素插入指定位置
            newElements[index] = element;
            setArray(newElements);
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    

    }

    addIfAbsent(E e)
    如果e不在集合中才进行添加操作,类似于set去重

    public boolean addIfAbsent(E e) {
        Object[] snapshot = getArray();
        //判断如果e在数组中不添加,否则添加元素
        return indexOf(e, snapshot, 0, snapshot.length) >= 0 ? false :
            addIfAbsent(e, snapshot);
    }
    //如果o在elements数组中则返回下标,不存在返回-1
    private static int indexOf(Object o, Object[] elements,
                               int index, int fence) {
        if (o == null) {
            for (int i = index; i < fence; i++)
                if (elements[i] == null)
                    return i;
        } else {
            for (int i = index; i < fence; i++)
                if (o.equals(elements[i]))
                    return i;
        }
        return -1;
    }
    private boolean addIfAbsent(E e, Object[] snapshot) {
        final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
        //加锁
        lock.lock();
        try {
            Object[] current = getArray();
            int len = current.length;
            //不相等说明其他线程调用getArray
            if (snapshot != current) {
                // 重新检查元素是否在刚获取的数组里
                // Optimize for lost race to another addXXX operation
                int common = Math.min(snapshot.length, len);
                for (int i = 0; i < common; i++)
                    if (current[i] != snapshot[i] && eq(e, current[i]))
                        return false;
                //如果要添加元素在数组中,直接返回
                if (indexOf(e, current, common, len) >= 0)
                        return false;
            }
            //把要添加的元素插入数组末尾
            Object[] newElements = Arrays.copyOf(current, len + 1);
            newElements[len] = e;
            setArray(newElements);
            return true;
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }
    

    3.获取元素

    get(int index)

    public E get(int index) {
    //直接获取对应索引元素
        return get(getArray(), index);
    }
    private E get(Object[] a, int index) {
        return (E) a[index];
    }
    

    4.删除元素

    remove(int index)

    public E remove(int index) {
        final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
        lock.lock();
        //删除对应索引元素,把数组长度-1
        try {
            Object[] elements = getArray();
            int len = elements.length;
            E oldValue = get(elements, index);
            int numMoved = len - index - 1;
            if (numMoved == 0)
                setArray(Arrays.copyOf(elements, len - 1));
            else {
                Object[] newElements = new Object[len - 1];
                System.arraycopy(elements, 0, newElements, 0, index);
                System.arraycopy(elements, index + 1, newElements, index,
                                 numMoved);
                setArray(newElements);
            }
            return oldValue;
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }
    

    remove(Object o)

    public boolean remove(Object o) {
        Object[] snapshot = getArray();
        //判断元素是否在数组中
        int index = indexOf(o, snapshot, 0, snapshot.length);
        return (index < 0) ? false : remove(o, snapshot, index);
    }
    private boolean remove(Object o, Object[] snapshot, int index) {
        final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
        lock.lock();
        try {
            Object[] current = getArray();
            int len = current.length;
            //再次判断要删除元素是否在数组中并获取其下标
            if (snapshot != current) findIndex: {
                int prefix = Math.min(index, len);
                for (int i = 0; i < prefix; i++) {
                    if (current[i] != snapshot[i] && eq(o, current[i])) {
                        index = i;
                        break findIndex;
                    }
                }
                if (index >= len)
                    return false;
                if (current[index] == o)
                    break findIndex;
                index = indexOf(o, current, index, len);
                if (index < 0)
                    return false;
            }
            //同remove(int index)
            Object[] newElements = new Object[len - 1];
            System.arraycopy(current, 0, newElements, 0, index);
            System.arraycopy(current, index + 1,
                             newElements, index,
                             len - index - 1);
            setArray(newElements);
            return true;
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }
    
    • CopyOnWriteArrayList使用ReentrantLock重入锁加锁,保证线程安全;
    • CopyOnWriteArrayList的写操作都要先拷贝一份新数组,在新数组中做修改,修改完了再用新数组替换老数组,所以空间复杂度是O(n),性能比较低下;
    • CopyOnWriteArrayList的读操作支持随机访问,时间复杂度为O(1);
    • CopyOnWriteArrayList采用读写分离的思想,读操作不加锁,写操作加锁,且写操作占用较大内存空间,所以适用于读多写少的场合;
    • CopyOnWriteArrayList只保证最终一致性,不保证实时一致性;
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/wf614/p/12919805.html
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