朝花夕拾之–大数据平台CDH集群离线搭建

标签： Cloudera-Manager CDH Hadoop 部署集群

摘要：管理、部署Hadoop集群需要工具，Cloudera Manager便是其一。本文先是简要对比了当前的类似工具，而后详细记录了以离线方式部署CDH集群的步骤。最后对“讲究”一词提出了自己的观点。

朝花夕拾之–大数据平台CDH集群离线搭建

前言

以Apache Hadoop为主导的大数据技术的出现，使得中小型公司对于大数据的存储与处理也拥有了武器。目前Hadoop有不少发行版：华为发行版收费、Intel发行版收费、Cloudera发行版（Cloudera’s Distribution Including Apache Hadoop，简称 CDH）免费、Hortonworks发行版（Hortonworks Data Platform
，简称 HDP）免费等，所有这些发行版均是基于Apache Hadoop社区版衍生出来的。

部署、管理拥有数十数百甚至更多节点的Hadoop集群，也需要先进武器。Hortonworks公司的Apache Ambari项目的目的就是通过软件来配置、监控和管理Hadoop（HDP）集群，以使Hadoop的管理更加简单。Ambari提供了一个基于它自身RESTful的api实现的直观的、简单易用的web界面。Cloudera公司也提供了类似的工具：Cloudera Manager（简称 CM）来配置、监控和管理CDH集群。

本文主要内容即是本人早先搭建CDH集群之记录，故称作朝花夕拾。需特别注意的是Cloudera Manager与操作系统的版本关系 el7暂不支持，按照官方文档的要求来，否则安装会有问题。

注意用户。
本文是基于操作系统CentOS 6.5, 64-bit；Cloudera Manager 5.3.6；JDK 1.7 版本进行部署的。

部署步骤

网络配置（所有节点）

[root@cdh-server ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network #修改hostname:
NETWORKING=yes
HOSTNAME=cdh-server
[root@cdh-server ~]# vi /etc/hosts #修改ip与主机名的对应关系:
192.168.180.173 cdh-server
192.168.180.175 node175
[root@cdh-server ~]# service network restart #重启网络服务生效

安装JDK（所有节点）

#卸载OpenJDK
[root@cdh-server user1]# rpm -qa | grep java
[root@cdh-server user1]# rpm -e --nodeps java-1.5.0-gcj-1.5.0.0-29.1.el6.x86_64
[root@cdh-server user1]# rpm -e --nodeps java-1.6.0-openjdk-1.6.0.0-1.66.1.13.0.el6.x86_64
[root@cdh-server user1]# rpm -e --nodeps java-1.7.0-openjdk-1.7.0.45-2.4.3.3.el6.x86_64
#安装JDK
[root@cdh-server user1]# chmod a+x jdk-7u79-linux-x64.rpm
[root@cdh-server user1]# rpm -ivh jdk-7u79-linux-x64.rpm
[root@cdh-server user1]# echo "JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.7.0_79/" >>

安装MySQL（主节点）

[user1@cdh-server]$ cd /home/user1
[user1@cdh-server]$ tar -zxvf mysql-5.6.26-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz
[user1@cdh-server]$ mv mysql-5.6.26-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 mysql-5.6.26
[user1@cdh-server]$ cd mysql-5.6.26/
[user1@cdh-server]$ vi support-files/my.cnf #新建文件

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
[mysqld]
character-set-server=utf8
default-storage-engine=INNODB
# Uncomment the following if you are using InnoDB tables
innodb_data_home_dir = /home/user1/mysql-5.6.26/data
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend
innodb_log_group_home_dir = /home/user1/mysql-5.6.26/data
# You can set .._buffer_pool_size up to 50 - 80 %
# of RAM but beware of setting memory usage too high
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 16M
innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 2M
# Set .._log_file_size to 25 % of buffer pool size
innodb_log_file_size = 5M
innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

初始化MySQL（主节点）

[user1@cdh-server]$ ./scripts/mysql_install_db --defaults-file=/home/user1/mysql-5.6.26/support-files/my.cnf --basedir=/home/user1/mysql-5.6.26 --datadir=/home/user1/mysql-5.6.26/data --user=user1
[user1@cdh-server]$ ./bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/home/user1/mysql-5.6.26/support-files/my.cnf --basedir=/home/user1/mysql-5.6.26 --datadir=/home/user1/mysql-5.6.26/data > mysql.log 2>&1 &
[user1@cdh-server]$ ./bin/mysqladmin -u root password '123456'

[user1@cdh-server mysql-5.6.26]$ ./bin/mysql -uroot -p'123456'
#hive
mysql> create database hive DEFAULT CHARSET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
#Activity Monitor使用
mysql> create database amon DEFAULT CHARSET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
#Navigator Audit Server使用
mysql> create database audit DEFAULT CHARSET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
#Navigator Metadata Server
mysql> create database metadata DEFAULT CHARSET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'localhost' identified by '123456' with grant option;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'cdh-server' identified by '123456' with grant option;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
#this user scm is for cloudera manager
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'scm'@'localhost' identified by 'scm' with grant option;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'scm'@'cdh-server' identified by 'scm' with grant option;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

部署/启动CM Server（主节点）

[user1@cdh-server ~]$ tar -zxvf cloudera-manager-el6-cm5.3.6_x86_64.tar.gz
[user1@cdh-server ~]$ cp mysql-connector-java-5.1.33-bin.jar ./cm-5.3.6/share/cmf/lib/
[user1@cdh-server ~]$ su - root
[root@cdh-server ~]# cd /home/user1/
[root@cdh-server user1]# cp -rf cloudera /opt
[root@cdh-server user1]# mv CDH-5.3.6-1.cdh5.3.6.p0.11-el6.parcel /opt/cloudera/parcel-repo/CDH-5.3.6-1.cdh5.3.6.p0.11-el6.parcel
[root@cdh-server user1]# mv CDH-5.3.6-1.cdh5.3.6.p0.11-el6.parcel.sha /opt/cloudera/parcel-repo/CDH-5.3.6-1.cdh5.3.6.p0.11-el6.parcel.sha
[root@cdh-server user1]# mv manifest.json /opt/cloudera/parcel-repo/manifest.json
[root@cdh-server user1]# ./cm-5.3.6/share/cmf/schema/scm_prepare_database.sh mysql cm -hlocalhost:3306 -uroot -p123456 --scm-host localhost scm scm scm
[root@cdh-server user1]# ./cm-5.3.6/etc/init.d/cloudera-scm-server start
Starting cloudera-scm-server: [ OK ]
[root@cdh-server user1]# tail -f ./cm-5.3.6/log/cloudera-scm-server/cloudera-scm-server.log

关闭防火墙（所有节点）

#停止iptables
[root@cdh-server user1]# service iptables stop
#通过浏览器访问验证
http://192.168.180.173:7180/

部署/启动CM Agent（从节点）

[root@cdh-server user1]# tar -zxvf cloudera-manager-el6-cm5.3.6_x86_64.tar.gz
[root@cdh-server user1]# vi cm-5.3.6/etc/cloudera-scm-agent/config.ini

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
# Hostname of the CM server.
#server_host=localhost
server_host=cdh-server
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

[root@cdh-server user1]# useradd -G sys --home=/home/user1/cm-5.3.6/run/cloudera-scm-server --no-create-home --comment "Cloudera SCM User" cloudera-scm
[root@cdh-server user1]# useradd --comment "Cloudera SCM User" cloudera-scm #若上一步执行正确，则此步省略
[root@cdh-server user1]# echo 0 > /proc/sys/vm/swappiness
[root@cdh-server user1]# ./cm-5.3.6/etc/init.d/cloudera-scm-agent start
Starting cloudera-scm-agent: [ OK ]
[root@cdh-server user1]# tail -f ./cm-5.3.6/log/cloudera-scm-agent/cloudera-scm-agent.log

配置CDH

登陆Cloudera Manager http://192.168.180.173:7180/，并新建集群Cluster_user1，进行各服务的配置启动。

#安装配置hive出错时，在hiveServer上:
[root@hive-server user1]# cp mysql-connector-java-5.1.33-bin.jar /opt/cloudera/parcels/CDH-5.3.6-1.cdh5.3.6.p0.11/lib/hive/lib/
#同理：use this jar for Navigator Audit Server and Navigator Metadata Server or Activity Server
[root@cdh-server user1]# cp mysql-connector-java-5.1.33-bin.jar /usr/share/java/mysql-connector-java.jar

其他

停止集群步骤

停止Cloudera Management Service和Cluster_user1

从节点停止Agent

[root@cdh-server user1]# ./cm-5.3.6/etc/init.d/cloudera-scm-agent stop

主节点停止Server

[root@cdh-server user1]# ./cm-5.3.6/etc/init.d/cloudera-scm-server stop

启动集群步骤

主节点启动MySQL

[user1@cdh-server]$ ./bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/home/user1/mysql-5.6.26/support-files/my.cnf --basedir=/home/user1/mysql-5.6.26 --datadir=/home/user1/mysql-5.6.26/data > mysql.log 2>&1 &
     [user1@cdh-server]$ ps -a | grep mysql

从节点启动Agent

[root@cdh-server user1]# ./cm-5.3.6/etc/init.d/cloudera-scm-agent start
     Starting cloudera-scm-agent: [ OK ]
     [root@cdh-server user1]# tail -f ./cm-5.3.6/log/cloudera-scm-agent/cloudera-scm-agent.log

主节点启动Server

[root@cdh-server user1]# ./cm-5.3.6/etc/init.d/cloudera-scm-server start
     Starting cloudera-scm-server: [ OK ]
     [root@cdh-server user1]# tail -f ./cm-5.3.6/log/cloudera-scm-server/cloudera-scm-server.log

启动各服务
登陆Cloudera Manager http://192.168.180.173:7180/，进行各服务的检查启动。

题外话–论讲究

讲究是一种情怀，也是一项技能。当处于卖方市场时，公司可能不需要太多的讲究就可以赚得盆满钵盈，然而如果它有更高的追求也就是情怀，可能会更讲究，比如更加注重细节、用户体验或者极力完美；而处于买方市场时，供需关系会使得公司不得不讲究起来，这对他们来说是一项必须技能。

讲究既是推动人类社会发展的动力，也是人类社会发展的成果。当前很多互联网公司都处于买方市场，谁能赢得用户谁就拼得胜利，如履薄冰、小心翼翼、极致体验之讲究将他们推向了社会发展的浪尖，先进技术的发明和使用也是层出不穷。

讲究不光体现于公司，也体现于个人、地域、国家等。愈是讲究的国家，愈是发达；讲究细节的公司，竞争力就越强。然而由于影响因素众多，讲究的个体有钱、赢钱与否则另当别论了。

作者 @王安琪
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aitanjupt@hotmail.com
2015 年 10月 20日