1. 问题描述
Given an array of integers, return indices of the two numbers such that they add up to a specific target.
You may assume that each input would have exactly one solution.
Example:
Given nums = [2, 7, 11, 15], target = 9, Because nums[0] + nums[1] = 2 + 7 = 9, return [0, 1].
UPDATE (2016/2/13):
The return format had been changed to zero-based indices. Please read the above updated description carefully.
Tags: Array Hash Table
Similar Problems: (M) 3Sum (M) 4Sum (M) Two Sum II - Input array is sorted (E) Two Sum III - Data structure design
2. 解答思路
2.1. 先思考
- 合法性判断:数组是否为空、数组元素个数是否>=2、target>=0?(想多了,因为题目说You may assume that each input would have exactly one solution.)
- 数组是否排序?(why这样想? 因为如果是排序数组,只需从头、尾分别向中间靠拢便可找到答案)
- 数组中是否含有重复的数?(why这样想? 考虑到是个整数数组、且下标位置也是整数,且要进行排序,而map内部本身就是按序存储。若不重复,可用map;若重复,可用multimap)
- 注意:返回的不是找到的数,而是数的位置,故排序前,需保存下各个数字在数组中的次序
2.2. 算法
- 先对数组进行排序,设为numsSorted
- 令pFir指向排序后的数组的头,pSec指向排序后的数组尾部,sum = nutmsSorted[pFir] + numsSorted[pSec];
- 若sum < target,则pFir++;若sum > target,则pSec--;若sum == target,则返回pFir,pSec.
3. 代码
1 #include <vector> 2 #include <map> 3 using namespace std; 4 class Solution { 5 public: 6 vector<int> twoSum(vector<int>& nums, int target) { 7 std::multimap<int, int> idx2Num; 8 std::vector<int>::iterator itVec = nums.begin(); 9 int idx = 0; 10 while (itVec != nums.end()) 11 { 12 idx2Num.insert(std::make_pair(*itVec, idx)); 13 idx++; 14 itVec++; 15 } 16 std::vector<int> numsSorted; 17 std::multimap<int, int>::iterator itMap_Fir = idx2Num.begin(); 18 std::multimap<int, int>::iterator itMap_Sec = idx2Num.end(); 19 itMap_Sec--; 20 21 int sum = itMap_Fir->first + itMap_Sec->first; 22 while (sum != target) 23 { 24 if (sum > target) 25 { 26 itMap_Sec--; 27 } 28 else 29 { 30 itMap_Fir++; 31 } 32 sum = itMap_Fir->first + itMap_Sec->first; 33 } 34 numsSorted.push_back(itMap_Fir->second); 35 numsSorted.push_back(itMap_Sec->second); 36 return numsSorted; 37 38 } 39 };
4. 反思
本算法对数组进行排序采用了取巧的方法,即使用多重map。
若不用map,对Vector进行排序可采用:
- 方法1:std::sort(nums.begin(), nums.end());//需引入#include <algorithm>
- 方法2:自己写排序函数