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  • 探索Oracle11gR2 之 DataGuard 三种保护模式

    Oracle的DataGuard技术有三种实现模式，分别是max performance、max availability、maxprotection这三种模式。

    以下是来自Oracle文档的摘要信息：
    In some situations, a business cannot afford to lose data. In other situations,the availability of the database may be more important than the loss of data.Some applications require maximum database performance and can tolerate somesmall amount of data loss. The following descriptions summarize the threedistinct modes of data protection.

    Maximum protection This protection mode ensuresthat no data loss will occur if the primary database fails. To provide thislevel of protection, the redo data needed to recover each transaction must bewritten to both the local online redo log and to the standby redo log on atleast one standby database before the transaction commits. To ensure data losscannot occur, the primary database shuts down if a fault prevents it fromwriting its redo stream to the standby redo log of at least one transactionallyconsistent standby database.

    Maximum availability Thisprotection mode provides the highest level of data protection that is possiblewithout compromising the availability of the primary database. Like maximumprotection mode, a transaction will not commit until the redo needed to recoverthat transaction is written to the local online redo log and to the standbyredo log of at least one transactionally consistent standby database. Unlikemaximum protection mode, the primary database does not shut down if a faultprevents it from writing its redo stream to a remote standby redo log. Instead,the primary database operates in maximum performance mode until the fault iscorrected, and all gaps in redo log files are resolved. When all gaps areresolved, the primary database automatically resumes operating in maximumavailability mode.

    This mode ensures that no data loss will occur if the primarydatabase fails, but only if a second fault does not prevent a complete set ofredo data from being sent from the primary database to at least one standbydatabase.

    Maximum performance This protection mode (thedefault) provides the highest level of data protection that is possible withoutaffecting the performance of the primary database. This is accomplished by allowinga transaction to commit as soon as the redo data needed to recover thattransaction is written to the local online redo log. The primary database'sredo data stream is also written to at least one standby database, but thatredo stream is written asynchronously with respect to the transactions thatcreate the redo data.

    When network links with sufficient bandwidth are used, this modeprovides a level of data protection that approaches that of maximumavailability mode with minimal impact on primary database performance.

    The maximum protection and maximum availability modes requirethat standby redo log files are configured on at least one standby database inthe configuration. All three protection modes require that specific logtransport attributes be specified on the LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_n initializationparameter to send redo data to at least one standby database. See Section 5.6for complete information about the data protection modes.

    以下是对以上摘要信息的翻译信息：

    在一些情况下，业务不允许丢失数据。在另外一些情况下，数据库的可用性比丢失数据更为重要。一些应用需要最强的数据库性能并且能容忍丢失少量的数据。下面的描述概述了三种不同的数据保护模式。

    最大保护模式 -- 这种保护模式确保如果主数据库故障不会发生数据丢失。要提供这种级别的保护，恢复每个事务所需的重做数据必须在事务提交之前同时写到本地联机重做日志和至少一个备数据库上的备重做日志。要确保不发生数据丢失，如果故障导致主数据库无法写重做流到至少一个事务一致性备数据库的备重做日志时，主数据库会关闭。

    最大可用性模式 -- 这种保护模式提供了可能的最高级别的数据保护，而不用与主数据库的可用性相折衷。与最大保护模式相同，在恢复事务所需的重做写到本地联机重做日志和至少一个事务一致性备数据库上的备重做日志之前，事务将不会提交。与最大保护模式不同的是，如果故障导致主数据库无法写重做流到异地备重做日志时，主数据库不会关闭。替代地，主数据库以最大性能模式运行直到故障消除，并且解决所有重做日志文件中的中断。当所有中断解决之后，主数据库自动继续以最大可用性模式运行。

    这种模式确保如果主数据库故障，但是只有当第二次故障没有阻止完整的重做数据集从主数据库发送到至少一个备数据库时，不发生数据丢失。

    最大性能模式 -- 这种保护模式（默认）提供了可能的最高级别的数据保护，而不影响主数据库的性能。这是通过允许事务在恢复该事务所需重做数据在写到本地联机重做日志后立即提交而实现的。主数据库的重做数据流也写到至少一个备数据库，但是那个重做流相对于创建重做数据的事务是异步写的。

    当所用的网络连接有足够的带宽，这种模式提供了近似于最大可用性模式的数据保护级别，并且对主数据库性能的影响最小。
    最大保护和最大可用性模式需要备重做日志文件配置在配置中的至少一个备数据库上。所有三种保护模式需要在LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_n 初始化参数上指定特定的日志传输属性以发送重做数据到至少一个备数据库。查看5.6 节以获得数据保护模式的完整信息。

    实验过程:

    DG在最大性能模式MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE

    [sql] view plain copy
     
    print?
    1. SQL> select protection_mode,protection_level from v$database;  
    2.    
    3. PROTECTION_MODE      PROTECTION_LEVEL  
    4. -------------------- --------------------  
    5. MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE  MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE  
    6.    
    7. SQL> select * from tab;  
    8.    
    9. TNAME                          TABTYPE  CLUSTERID  
    10. ------------------------------ -----------------  
    11. BONUS                          TABLE  
    12. DEPT                           TABLE  
    13. EMP                            TABLE  
    14. SALGRADE                       TABLE  
    15.    
    16. SQL> create table emp001 as select *from emp;    创建了一张表emp001  
    17.    
    18. Table created.  
    19.    
    20. SQL> select * from tab;  
    21.    
    22. TNAME                          TABTYPE  CLUSTERID  
    23. ------------------------------ -----------------  
    24. BONUS                          TABLE  
    25. DEPT                           TABLE  
    26. EMP                            TABLE  
    27. EMP001                         TABLE  
    28. SALGRADE                       TABLE  
    SQL> select protection_mode,protection_level from v$database;
 
PROTECTION_MODE      PROTECTION_LEVEL
-------------------- --------------------
MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE  MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE
 
SQL> select * from tab;
 
TNAME                          TABTYPE  CLUSTERID
------------------------------ -----------------
BONUS                          TABLE
DEPT                           TABLE
EMP                            TABLE
SALGRADE                       TABLE
 
SQL> create table emp001 as select *from emp;    创建了一张表emp001
 
Table created.
 
SQL> select * from tab;
 
TNAME                          TABTYPE  CLUSTERID
------------------------------ -----------------
BONUS                          TABLE
DEPT                           TABLE
EMP                            TABLE
EMP001                         TABLE
SALGRADE                       TABLE


    去备机上查看，这张表并没有出现：

    [sql] view plain copy
     
    print?
    1. SQL> select * from tab;  
    2.    
    3. TNAME                          TABTYPE CLUSTERID  
    4. ------------------------------ -----------------  
    5. BONUS                          TABLE  
    6. DEPT                           TABLE  
    7. EMP                            TABLE  
    8. SALGRADE                       TABLE  
    SQL> select * from tab;
 
TNAME                          TABTYPE CLUSTERID
------------------------------ -----------------
BONUS                          TABLE
DEPT                           TABLE
EMP                            TABLE
SALGRADE                       TABLE
    [sql] view plain copy
     
    print?
    1. 这个时候，我需要在主库上执行一次日志切换：  
    2. SQL> alter system switch logfile;  
    3.    
    4. System altered.  
    5.    
    6. 再备库上再次查询，表已经出来：  
    7. SQL> /  
    8.    
    9. TNAME                          TABTYPE  CLUSTERID  
    10. ------------------------------ -----------------  
    11. BONUS                          TABLE  
    12. DEPT                           TABLE  
    13. EMP                            TABLE  
    14. EMP001                         TABLE    ----在主库新创建的表  
    15. SALGRADE                       TABLE  
    这个时候，我需要在主库上执行一次日志切换：
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
 
System altered.
 
再备库上再次查询，表已经出来：
SQL> /
 
TNAME                          TABTYPE  CLUSTERID
------------------------------ -----------------
BONUS                          TABLE
DEPT                           TABLE
EMP                            TABLE
EMP001                         TABLE    ----在主库新创建的表
SALGRADE                       TABLE



    DG在最大可用性模式Maximum availability

    Primary端操作

    [sql] view plain copy
     
    print?
    1. 修改初始化参数  
    2. SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=sty OPTIONAL LGWR SYNC AFFIRM VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE)DB_UNIQUE_NAME=sty';  
    3.    
    4. System altered.  
    5.    
    6. SQL> show parameter log_archive_dest_2  
    7.    
    8. NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE  
    9. ----------------------------------------------- ------------------------------  
    10. log_archive_dest_2                   string      SERVICE=sty OPTIONAL LGWR SYNC  
    11.                                                  AFFIRM VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGF  
    12.                                                 ILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_N  
    13.                                                  AME=sty  
    14. SQL> startup mount;  
    15. ORACLE instance started.  
    16.    
    17. Total System Global Area  839282688 bytes  
    18. Fixed Size                  2217992 bytes  
    19. Variable Size             549455864 bytes  
    20. Database Buffers          285212672 bytes  
    21. Redo Buffers                2396160 bytes  
    22. Database mounted.  
    23.    
    24. SQL> alter database set standby databaseto maximize availability;  
    25.    
    26. Database altered.  
    修改初始化参数
SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=sty OPTIONAL LGWR SYNC AFFIRM VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE)DB_UNIQUE_NAME=sty';
 
System altered.
 
SQL> show parameter log_archive_dest_2
 
NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
----------------------------------------------- ------------------------------
log_archive_dest_2                   string      SERVICE=sty OPTIONAL LGWR SYNC
                                                 AFFIRM VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGF
                                                ILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_N
                                                 AME=sty
SQL> startup mount;
ORACLE instance started.
 
Total System Global Area  839282688 bytes
Fixed Size                  2217992 bytes
Variable Size             549455864 bytes
Database Buffers          285212672 bytes
Redo Buffers                2396160 bytes
Database mounted.
 
SQL> alter database set standby databaseto maximize availability;
 
Database altered.

    提示：maximize后可跟{PROTECTION | AVAILABILITY | PERFORMANCE}，分别对应最大保护，最高可用性及最高性能。

    Down掉数据库，重新启动

    [sql] view plain copy
     
    print?
    1. SQL> alter database open;  
    2.    
    3. Database altered.  
    4.    
    5. 看一下当前的保护模式    --primary数据库操作  
    6. SQL> select protection_mode,protection_level from v$database;  
    7.    
    8. PROTECTION_MODE      PROTECTION_LEVEL  
    9. -------------------- --------------------  
    10. MAXIMUM AVAILABILITY MAXIMUM AVAILABILITY  
    11.    
    12. SQL>  
    SQL> alter database open;
 
Database altered.
 
看一下当前的保护模式    --primary数据库操作
SQL> select protection_mode,protection_level from v$database;
 
PROTECTION_MODE      PROTECTION_LEVEL
-------------------- --------------------
MAXIMUM AVAILABILITY MAXIMUM AVAILABILITY
 
SQL>



    Standby端操作

    [sql] view plain copy
     
    print?
    1. SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=pri OPTIONAL LGWR SYNCAFFIRM VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=pri';  
    2.    
    3. System altered.  
    4.    
    5. SQL> show parameter log_archive_dest_2  
    6.    
    7. NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE  
    8. ----------------------------------------------- ------------------------------  
    9. log_archive_dest_2                   string      SERVICE=pri OPTIONAL LGWR SYNC  
    10.                                                  AFFIRM VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGF  
    11.                                                  ILES,PRIMARY_ROLE)DB_UNIQUE_N  
    12.                                                 AME=pri  
    13.    
    14. SQL> selectprotection_mode,protection_level from v$database;  
    15.    
    16. PROTECTION_MODE      PROTECTION_LEVEL  
    17. -------------------- --------------------  
    18. MAXIMUM AVAILABILITY MAXIMUM AVAILABILITY  
    19.    
    20. SQL>  
    SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=pri OPTIONAL LGWR SYNCAFFIRM VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=pri';
 
System altered.
 
SQL> show parameter log_archive_dest_2
 
NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
----------------------------------------------- ------------------------------
log_archive_dest_2                   string      SERVICE=pri OPTIONAL LGWR SYNC
                                                 AFFIRM VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGF
                                                 ILES,PRIMARY_ROLE)DB_UNIQUE_N
                                                AME=pri
 
SQL> selectprotection_mode,protection_level from v$database;
 
PROTECTION_MODE      PROTECTION_LEVEL
-------------------- --------------------
MAXIMUM AVAILABILITY MAXIMUM AVAILABILITY
 
SQL>



    这样就已经配置完成了。

    我们现在停掉standby数据库，再看看primary数据库状态

    [sql] view plain copy
     
    print?
    1. SQL> shutdown immediate  
    2. Database closed.  
    3. Database dismounted.  
    4. ORACLE instance shut down.  
    5.    
    6. SQL> selectprotection_mode,protection_level,name from v$database;  
    7.    
    8. PROTECTION_MODE      PROTECTION_LEVEL     NAME  
    9. -------------------- ------------------------------  
    10. MAXIMUM AVAILABILITY RESYNCHRONIZATION    WOO  
    SQL> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
 
SQL> selectprotection_mode,protection_level,name from v$database;
 
PROTECTION_MODE      PROTECTION_LEVEL     NAME
-------------------- ------------------------------
MAXIMUM AVAILABILITY RESYNCHRONIZATION    WOO

    Standby数据库shutdown后，primary数据库保护级别切换为待同步。

    启备机器后，一会儿就好了：

    [sql] view plain copy
     
    print?
    1. SQL> startup  
    2. ORACLE instance started.  
    3.    
    4. Total System Global Area  839282688 bytes  
    5. Fixed Size                  2217992 bytes  
    6. Variable Size             507512824 bytes  
    7. Database Buffers          327155712 bytes  
    8. Redo Buffers                2396160 bytes  
    9. Database mounted.  
    10. Database opened.  
    11. SQL> selectprotection_mode,protection_level,name from v$database;  
    12.    
    13. PROTECTION_MODE      PROTECTION_LEVEL     NAME  
    14. -------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------  
    15. MAXIMUM AVAILABILITY RESYNCHRONIZATION    WOO  
    16.    
    17. SQL> selectprotection_mode,protection_level,name from v$database;  
    18.    
    19. PROTECTION_MODE      PROTECTION_LEVEL     NAME  
    20. -------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------  
    21. MAXIMUM AVAILABILITY MAXIMUM AVAILABILITYWOO  
    22.    
    23. SQL>  
    SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
 
Total System Global Area  839282688 bytes
Fixed Size                  2217992 bytes
Variable Size             507512824 bytes
Database Buffers          327155712 bytes
Redo Buffers                2396160 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> selectprotection_mode,protection_level,name from v$database;
 
PROTECTION_MODE      PROTECTION_LEVEL     NAME
-------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
MAXIMUM AVAILABILITY RESYNCHRONIZATION    WOO
 
SQL> selectprotection_mode,protection_level,name from v$database;
 
PROTECTION_MODE      PROTECTION_LEVEL     NAME
-------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
MAXIMUM AVAILABILITY MAXIMUM AVAILABILITYWOO
 
SQL>

    再查看下主库状态：

    [sql] view plain copy
     
    print?
    1. SQL> selectprotection_mode,protection_level,name from v$database;  
    2.    
    3. PROTECTION_MODE      PROTECTION_LEVEL     NAME  
    4. -------------------- ------------------------------  
    5. MAXIMUM AVAILABILITY MAXIMUM AVAILABILITYWOO  
    SQL> selectprotection_mode,protection_level,name from v$database;
 
PROTECTION_MODE      PROTECTION_LEVEL     NAME
-------------------- ------------------------------
MAXIMUM AVAILABILITY MAXIMUM AVAILABILITYWOO


    测试:

    在primary 执行创建表

      查看当前表的数量

    [sql] view plain copy
     
    print?
    1. SQL> select * from tab;  
    2.    
    3. TNAME                          TABTYPE  CLUSTERID  
    4. ------------------------------ -----------------  
    5. BONUS                          TABLE  
    6. DEPT                           TABLE  
    7. EMP                            TABLE  
    8. EMP001                        TABLE  
    9. EMP003                         TABLE  
    10. SALGRADE                       TABLE  
    11.    
    12. 6 rows selected.  
    SQL> select * from tab;
 
TNAME                          TABTYPE  CLUSTERID
------------------------------ -----------------
BONUS                          TABLE
DEPT                           TABLE
EMP                            TABLE
EMP001                        TABLE
EMP003                         TABLE
SALGRADE                       TABLE
 
6 rows selected.


    删除emp003表

    [sql] view plain copy
     
    print?
    1. SQL> drop table emp003 purge;  
    2.    
    3. Table dropped.  
    SQL> drop table emp003 purge;
 
Table dropped.


    创建emp004表

    [sql] view plain copy
     
    print?
    1. SQL> create table emp004 as select *from emp001;  
    2.    
    3. Table created.  
    SQL> create table emp004 as select *from emp001;
 
Table created.


    查看emp003表已经被删除，emp004表被创建成功。

    [sql] view plain copy
     
    print?
    1. SQL> select * from tab;  
    2.    
    3. TNAME                          TABTYPE  CLUSTERID  
    4. ------------------------------ -----------------  
    5. BONUS                          TABLE  
    6. DEPT                           TABLE  
    7. EMP                            TABLE  
    8. EMP001                         TABLE  
    9. EMP004                         TABLE  
    10. SALGRADE                       TABLE  
    11.    
    12. 6 rows selected.  
    SQL> select * from tab;
 
TNAME                          TABTYPE  CLUSTERID
------------------------------ -----------------
BONUS                          TABLE
DEPT                           TABLE
EMP                            TABLE
EMP001                         TABLE
EMP004                         TABLE
SALGRADE                       TABLE
 
6 rows selected.

    备库上数据直接就可以过来了：

    查询到数据和第一次pry数据库一致：

    [sql] view plain copy
     
    print?
    1. SQL> select * from tab;  
    2.    
    3. TNAME                          TABTYPE  CLUSTERID  
    4. ------------------------------ -----------------  
    5. BONUS                          TABLE  
    6. DEPT                           TABLE  
    7. EMP                            TABLE  
    8. EMP001                         TABLE  
    9. EMP003                         TABLE  
    10. SALGRADE                       TABLE  
    11.    
    12. 6 rows selected.  
    SQL> select * from tab;
 
TNAME                          TABTYPE  CLUSTERID
------------------------------ -----------------
BONUS                          TABLE
DEPT                           TABLE
EMP                            TABLE
EMP001                         TABLE
EMP003                         TABLE
SALGRADE                       TABLE
 
6 rows selected.


    在pri端删除emp003后，可以看到在sty端也随即删除。

    [sql] view plain copy
     
    print?
    1. SQL> select * from tab;  
    2.    
    3. TNAME                          TABTYPE  CLUSTERID  
    4. ------------------------------ -----------------  
    5. BONUS                          TABLE  
    6. DEPT                           TABLE  
    7. EMP                            TABLE  
    8. EMP001                         TABLE  
    9. SALGRADE                       TABLE  
    SQL> select * from tab;
 
TNAME                          TABTYPE  CLUSTERID
------------------------------ -----------------
BONUS                          TABLE
DEPT                           TABLE
EMP                            TABLE
EMP001                         TABLE
SALGRADE                       TABLE


    在pri端创建emp004后，在sty端也随即实时创建。

    [sql] view plain copy
     
    print?
    1. SQL> select * from tab;  
    2.    
    3. TNAME                          TABTYPE  CLUSTERID  
    4. ------------------------------ ------- ----------  
    5. BONUS                          TABLE  
    6. DEPT                           TABLE  
    7. EMP                            TABLE  
    8. EMP001                         TABLE  
    9. EMP004                         TABLE  
    10. SALGRADE                       TABLE  
    11.    
    12. 6 rows selected.  
    13.    
    14. SQL>  
    SQL> select * from tab;
 
TNAME                          TABTYPE  CLUSTERID
------------------------------ ------- ----------
BONUS                          TABLE
DEPT                           TABLE
EMP                            TABLE
EMP001                         TABLE
EMP004                         TABLE
SALGRADE                       TABLE
 
6 rows selected.
 
SQL>


    实验二，在maximum availability 模式下关闭standby端，在主库执行DML操作后起备库，是否会有数据丢失:

    1、  关闭standby端:

    [sql] view plain copy
     
    print?
    1. [root@sty ~]# shutdown -h now  
    2.    
    3. Broadcast message from root (pts/1) (TueMay 21 02:09:34 2013):  
    4.    
    5. The system is going down for system haltNOW!  
    6. [root@sty ~]#  
    7.    
    [root@sty ~]# shutdown -h now
 
Broadcast message from root (pts/1) (TueMay 21 02:09:34 2013):
 
The system is going down for system haltNOW!
[root@sty ~]#



    2、  查看主库这个时候的状态，已经检测到了standby失败

    [sql] view plain copy
     
    print?
    1. SQL> selectname,open_mode,database_role,protection_mode,SWITCHOVER_STATUS  From v$database;  
    2.    
    3. NAME                           OPEN_MODE            DATABASE_ROLE    PROTECTION_MODE      SWITCHOVER_STATUS  
    4. -------------------------------------------------- ---------------- -------------------- --------------------  
    5. WOO                            READ WRITE           PRIMARY          MAXIMUM AVAILABILITY FAILEDDESTINATION  
    6.    
    7. SQL>  
    SQL> selectname,open_mode,database_role,protection_mode,SWITCHOVER_STATUS  From v$database;
 
NAME                           OPEN_MODE            DATABASE_ROLE    PROTECTION_MODE      SWITCHOVER_STATUS
-------------------------------------------------- ---------------- -------------------- --------------------
WOO                            READ WRITE           PRIMARY          MAXIMUM AVAILABILITY FAILEDDESTINATION
 
SQL>



    3、  这个时候我们删除emp004及创建emp005

    [sql] view plain copy
     
    print?
    1. SQL> select * from tab;  
    2.    
    3. TNAME                          TABTYPE CLUSTERID  
    4. ------------------------------ -----------------  
    5. BONUS                          TABLE  
    6. DEPT                           TABLE  
    7. EMP                            TABLE  
    8. EMP001                         TABLE  
    9. EMP004                         TABLE  
    10. SALGRADE                       TABLE  
    11.    
    12. 6 rows selected.  
    13.    
    14. SQL> drop table emp004 purge;  
    15.    
    16. Table dropped.  
    17.    
    18. SQL> create table emp005 as select *from emp001;  
    19.    
    20. Table created.  
    21.    
    22. SQL> select * from tab;  
    23.    
    24. TNAME                          TABTYPE  CLUSTERID  
    25. ------------------------------ -----------------  
    26. BONUS                          TABLE  
    27. DEPT                           TABLE  
    28. EMP                            TABLE  
    29. EMP001                         TABLE  
    30. EMP005                         TABLE  
    31. SALGRADE                       TABLE  
    32.    
    33. 6 rows selected.  
    34.    
    SQL> select * from tab;
 
TNAME                          TABTYPE CLUSTERID
------------------------------ -----------------
BONUS                          TABLE
DEPT                           TABLE
EMP                            TABLE
EMP001                         TABLE
EMP004                         TABLE
SALGRADE                       TABLE
 
6 rows selected.
 
SQL> drop table emp004 purge;
 
Table dropped.
 
SQL> create table emp005 as select *from emp001;
 
Table created.
 
SQL> select * from tab;
 
TNAME                          TABTYPE  CLUSTERID
------------------------------ -----------------
BONUS                          TABLE
DEPT                           TABLE
EMP                            TABLE
EMP001                         TABLE
EMP005                         TABLE
SALGRADE                       TABLE
 
6 rows selected.



    4、  把sty服务器启起来，open数据库：

    打开备库后，我们可以看到，standby现在正在应用日志：

    [sql] view plain copy
     
    print?
    1. SQL> select process, status fromv$managed_standby;  
    2.    
    3. PROCESS  STATUS  
    4. --------- ------------  
    5. ARCH     CLOSING  
    6. ARCH     CLOSING  
    7. ARCH     CONNECTED  
    8. ARCH     CLOSING  
    9. RFS      IDLE  
    10. RFS      IDLE  
    11. RFS      IDLE  
    12. MRP0     APPLYING_LOG  
    13.    
    SQL> select process, status fromv$managed_standby;
 
PROCESS  STATUS
--------- ------------
ARCH     CLOSING
ARCH     CLOSING
ARCH     CONNECTED
ARCH     CLOSING
RFS      IDLE
RFS      IDLE
RFS      IDLE
MRP0     APPLYING_LOG


    过一会儿，我们再查询，发现standby 端宕机过程中primary端数据库的改变也同样通过日志更新过来了。

    [sql] view plain copy
     
    print?
    1. SQL> select * from tab;  
    2.    
    3. TNAME                          TABTYPE  CLUSTERID  
    4. ------------------------------ -----------------  
    5. BONUS                          TABLE  
    6. DEPT                           TABLE  
    7. EMP                            TABLE  
    8. EMP001                         TABLE  
    9. EMP005                         TABLE  
    10. SALGRADE                       TABLE  
    11.    
    12. 6 rows selected.  
    SQL> select * from tab;
 
TNAME                          TABTYPE  CLUSTERID
------------------------------ -----------------
BONUS                          TABLE
DEPT                           TABLE
EMP                            TABLE
EMP001                         TABLE
EMP005                         TABLE
SALGRADE                       TABLE
 
6 rows selected.



     我们通过这个实验可以看出，将DataGuard配置为Maximumavailability模式后，pri数据是实时同步到sty端。

    DG最大保护模式Maximum protection

    1、将主库修改为最大保护模式

    [sql] view plain copy
     
    print?
    1. 先关闭主库  
    2. SQL>shutdown immediate  
    3. Databaseclosed.  
    4. Databasedismounted.  
    5. ORACLEinstance shut down.  
    6.  启动到mount状态  
    7. SQL>startup mount;  
    8. ORACLEinstance started.  
    9.    
    10. TotalSystem Global Area  839282688 bytes  
    11. FixedSize                  2217992 bytes  
    12. VariableSize             557844472 bytes  
    13. DatabaseBuffers          276824064 bytes  
    14. RedoBuffers                2396160 bytes  
    15. Databasemounted.  
    16.    
    17.  修改为最大保护模式  
    18. SQL>alter database set standby database to maximize protection;  
    19.    
    20. Databasealtered.  
    21.    
    22. Open数据库  
    23. SQL>alter database open;  
    24.    
    25. Databasealtered.  
    26.    
    先关闭主库
SQL>shutdown immediate
Databaseclosed.
Databasedismounted.
ORACLEinstance shut down.
 启动到mount状态
SQL>startup mount;
ORACLEinstance started.
 
TotalSystem Global Area  839282688 bytes
FixedSize                  2217992 bytes
VariableSize             557844472 bytes
DatabaseBuffers          276824064 bytes
RedoBuffers                2396160 bytes
Databasemounted.
 
 修改为最大保护模式
SQL>alter database set standby database to maximize protection;
 
Databasealtered.
 
Open数据库
SQL>alter database open;
 
Databasealtered.

    Primary端查询状态：

    [sql] view plain copy
     
    print?
    1. SQL>select name,open_mode,database_role,protection_mode,SWITCHOVER_STATUS  From v$database;  
    2.    
    3. NAME                           OPEN_MODE            DATABASE_ROLE    PROTECTION_MODE      SWITCHOVER_STATUS  
    4. -------------------------------------------------- ---------------- -------------------- --------------------  
    5. WOO                            READ WRITE           PRIMARY          MAXIMUM PROTECTION   TO STANDBY  
    SQL>select name,open_mode,database_role,protection_mode,SWITCHOVER_STATUS  From v$database;
 
NAME                           OPEN_MODE            DATABASE_ROLE    PROTECTION_MODE      SWITCHOVER_STATUS
-------------------------------------------------- ---------------- -------------------- --------------------
WOO                            READ WRITE           PRIMARY          MAXIMUM PROTECTION   TO STANDBY



    Standby端查询状态（切换只需要操作主库，备库不需要动即可）

    [sql] view plain copy
     
    print?
    1. SQL>select name,open_mode,database_role,protection_mode,SWITCHOVER_STATUS  From v$database;  
    2.    
    3. NAME      OPEN_MODE            DATABASE_ROLE    PROTECTION_MODE      SWITCHOVER_STATUS  
    4. ----------------------------- ---------------- -------------------- --------------------  
    5. WOO       READ ONLY WITH APPLY PHYSICAL STANDBYMAXIMUM PROTECTION   NOT ALLOWED  
    6.    
    SQL>select name,open_mode,database_role,protection_mode,SWITCHOVER_STATUS  From v$database;
 
NAME      OPEN_MODE            DATABASE_ROLE    PROTECTION_MODE      SWITCHOVER_STATUS
----------------------------- ---------------- -------------------- --------------------
WOO       READ ONLY WITH APPLY PHYSICAL STANDBYMAXIMUM PROTECTION   NOT ALLOWED

    我们现在可以看到，primary和standby端现在都为Maximumprotection 最大保护模式。

    实验

    先查看当前的表

    [sql] view plain copy
     
    print?
    1. SQL> select * from tab;  
    2.    
    3. TNAME                          TABTYPE  CLUSTERID  
    4. ------------------------------------- ----------  
    5. BONUS                          TABLE  
    6. DEPT                           TABLE  
    7. EMP                            TABLE  
    8. EMP001                         TABLE  
    9. EMP005                         TABLE  
    10. SALGRADE                       TABLE  
    11.    
    12. 6 rows selected.  
    SQL> select * from tab;
 
TNAME                          TABTYPE  CLUSTERID
------------------------------------- ----------
BONUS                          TABLE
DEPT                           TABLE
EMP                            TABLE
EMP001                         TABLE
EMP005                         TABLE
SALGRADE                       TABLE
 
6 rows selected.


    我们删除emp005以及创建emp006表

    [sql] view plain copy
     
    print?
    1. SQL> drop table emp005 purge;  
    2.    
    3. Table dropped.  
    4.    
    5. SQL> create table emp006 as select* from emp001;  
    6.    
    7. Table created.  
    8.    
    SQL> drop table emp005 purge;
 
Table dropped.
 
SQL> create table emp006 as select* from emp001;
 
Table created.

    我们可以看到emp005已经被删除，并且emp006表也被创建好了。

    [sql] view plain copy
     
    print?
    1. SQL> select * from tab;  
    2.    
    3. TNAME                          TABTYPE  CLUSTERID  
    4. ------------------------------------- ----------  
    5. BONUS                          TABLE  
    6. DEPT                           TABLE  
    7. EMP                            TABLE  
    8. EMP001                         TABLE  
    9. EMP006                         TABLE  
    10. SALGRADE                       TABLE  
    11.    
    12. 6 rows selected.  
    13.    
    14. SQL>  
    SQL> select * from tab;
 
TNAME                          TABTYPE  CLUSTERID
------------------------------------- ----------
BONUS                          TABLE
DEPT                           TABLE
EMP                            TABLE
EMP001                         TABLE
EMP006                         TABLE
SALGRADE                       TABLE
 
6 rows selected.
 
SQL>

    现在看standby端，我们可以发现如下

    两边的表是一样的

    [sql] view plain copy
     
    print?
    1. SQL> select * from tab;  
    2.    
    3. TNAME                          TABTYPE  CLUSTERID  
    4. ------------------------------------- ----------  
    5. BONUS                          TABLE  
    6. DEPT                           TABLE  
    7. EMP                            TABLE  
    8. EMP001                         TABLE  
    9. EMP005                         TABLE  
    10. SALGRADE                       TABLE  
    11.    
    12. 6 rows selected.  
    SQL> select * from tab;
 
TNAME                          TABTYPE  CLUSTERID
------------------------------------- ----------
BONUS                          TABLE
DEPT                           TABLE
EMP                            TABLE
EMP001                         TABLE
EMP005                         TABLE
SALGRADE                       TABLE
 
6 rows selected.

    在主库端删除的emp005及新创建的emp006也实时同步过来了

    [sql] view plain copy
     
    print?
    1. SQL> select * from tab;  
    2.    
    3. TNAME                          TABTYPE  CLUSTERID  
    4. ------------------------------------- ----------  
    5. BONUS                          TABLE  
    6. DEPT                           TABLE  
    7. EMP                            TABLE  
    8. EMP001                         TABLE  
    9. EMP006                         TABLE  
    10. SALGRADE                       TABLE  
    11.    
    12. 6 rows selected.  
    13.    
    14. SQL>  
    SQL> select * from tab;
 
TNAME                          TABTYPE  CLUSTERID
------------------------------------- ----------
BONUS                          TABLE
DEPT                           TABLE
EMP                            TABLE
EMP001                         TABLE
EMP006                         TABLE
SALGRADE                       TABLE
 
6 rows selected.
 
SQL>


    我现在关闭sty端服务器： 

    [sql] view plain copy
     
    print?
    1. [root@sty ~]# shutdown -h now  
    2.    
    3. Broadcast message from root (pts/1)(Tue May 21 03:14:28 2013):  
    4.    
    5. The system is going down for systemhalt NOW!  
    6.    
    [root@sty ~]# shutdown -h now
 
Broadcast message from root (pts/1)(Tue May 21 03:14:28 2013):
 
The system is going down for systemhalt NOW!



    返回来看主库的状态:

     日志传输以及终止了:

    [sql] view plain copy
     
    print?
    1. Log Transport Services   Error        ORA-16198: LGWR received timedout error from KSR  
    2. Log Transport Services   Error        Error 12543 received logging on to the standby  
    3. Log Transport Services   Error        LGWR: Error 12543 attaching to RFS for reconnect  
    4. Log Transport Services   Error        Error 12543 received logging on to the standby  
    5. Log Transport Services   Error        LGWR: Error 12543 attaching to RFS for reconnect  
    6.    
    Log Transport Services   Error        ORA-16198: LGWR received timedout error from KSR
Log Transport Services   Error        Error 12543 received logging on to the standby
Log Transport Services   Error        LGWR: Error 12543 attaching to RFS for reconnect
Log Transport Services   Error        Error 12543 received logging on to the standby
Log Transport Services   Error        LGWR: Error 12543 attaching to RFS for reconnect



     一段时间之后，primary端也宕机了：

    [sql] view plain copy
     
    print?
    1. SQL> selectname,open_mode,database_role,protection_mode,SWITCHOVER_STATUS  From v$database;  
    2.    
    3. NAME                                    OPEN_MODE           DATABASE_ROLE   PROTECTION_MODE      SWITCHOVER_STATUS  
    4. ------------------------------------------------------------ ---------------- -------------------- --------------------  
    5. WOO                                      READWRITE           PRIMARY          MAXIMUM PROTECTION   TO STANDBY  
    6.    
    7. SQL> selectname,open_mode,database_role,protection_mode,SWITCHOVER_STATUS  From v$database;  
    8. selectname,open_mode,database_role,protection_mode,SWITCHOVER_STATUS  From v$database  
    9. *  
    10. ERROR at line 1:  
    11. ORA-03135: connection lost contact  
    12. Process ID: 8386  
    13. Session ID: 39 Serial number: 5  
    SQL> selectname,open_mode,database_role,protection_mode,SWITCHOVER_STATUS  From v$database;
 
NAME                                    OPEN_MODE           DATABASE_ROLE   PROTECTION_MODE      SWITCHOVER_STATUS
------------------------------------------------------------ ---------------- -------------------- --------------------
WOO                                      READWRITE           PRIMARY          MAXIMUM PROTECTION   TO STANDBY
 
SQL> selectname,open_mode,database_role,protection_mode,SWITCHOVER_STATUS  From v$database;
selectname,open_mode,database_role,protection_mode,SWITCHOVER_STATUS  From v$database
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-03135: connection lost contact
Process ID: 8386
Session ID: 39 Serial number: 5


    这个时候需要把standby端起来，primary端，数据库才能起来。

    [sql] view plain copy
     
    print?
    1. SQL> startup mount;  
    2. ORACLE instance started.  
    3.    
    4. Total System Global Area  839282688 bytes  
    5. Fixed Size                  2217992 bytes  
    6. Variable Size             507512824 bytes  
    7. Database Buffers          327155712 bytes  
    8. Redo Buffers                2396160 bytes  
    9. Database mounted.  
    SQL> startup mount;
ORACLE instance started.
 
Total System Global Area  839282688 bytes
Fixed Size                  2217992 bytes
Variable Size             507512824 bytes
Database Buffers          327155712 bytes
Redo Buffers                2396160 bytes
Database mounted.


    停止redo应用

    [sql] view plain copy
     
    print?
    1. SQL> ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASECANCEL;  
    2. Database altered.  
    SQL> ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASECANCEL;
Database altered.


    Open数据库

    [sql] view plain copy
     
    print?
    1. SQL> alter database open;  
    2.    
    3. Database altered.  
    SQL> alter database open;
 
Database altered.


    开启redo应用

    [sql] view plain copy
     
    print?
    1. SQL> ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGEDSTANDBY DATABASE DISCONNECT FROM SESSION;  
    2.   
    3. Database altered.  
    SQL> ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGEDSTANDBY DATABASE DISCONNECT FROM SESSION;

Database altered.


    Database altered.再启主库

    [sql] view plain copy
     
    print?
    1. SQL> startup  
    2. ORACLE instance started.  
    3.    
    4. Total System Global Area  839282688 bytes  
    5. Fixed Size                  2217992 bytes  
    6. Variable Size             507512824 bytes  
    7. Database Buffers          327155712 bytes  
    8. Redo Buffers                2396160 bytes  
    9. Database mounted.  
    10. Database opened.  
    SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
 
Total System Global Area  839282688 bytes
Fixed Size                  2217992 bytes
Variable Size             507512824 bytes
Database Buffers          327155712 bytes
Redo Buffers                2396160 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.


    最后我们一块来看一个表格，一目了然的清楚DG三种模式的区别：

    最大保护模式

    最大可用

    最大性能

    进程

    LGWR

    LGWR

    LGWR或ARCH

    网络传输模式

    SYNC

    SYNC

    LGWR时设置SYNC

    磁盘写操作

    AFFIRM

    AFFIRM

    NOAFFIRM

    备用日志

    Yes

    Phycal 备库需要

    LGWR和物理需要

    备用库类型

    Phycal mode

    Phycal and logical

    Phycal and logical
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  • 原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/willsun8023/p/5287673.html
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