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    起始算法有很多,或者说太多,这里不写了,主要写一写在 vector deque stack queue set map 中出现过的算法,其他算法,以后在此补充!

    这些算法使用时候,包含:#include<algorithm>

    其余算法参考:https://blog.csdn.net/tick_tock97/article/details/71316372

    在线手册:http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/algorithm

    首先,总结下,博客中各个容器自带的算法:

    string: http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/string/string/?kw=string

    erase  find  copy  data 

    vector:http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/vector/vector/

    erase clear 

    stack queue 略

    list: http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/list/list/remove/

    erase clear sort remove (removeif unique merge)

    set / multiset : http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/set/set/

    erase clear find count 

    map / multimap: http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/map/map/  

    erase clear find count 

    一、sort

    没有返回值;

    1 std::sort
    2 default (1)    
    3 template <class RandomAccessIterator>
    4   void sort (RandomAccessIterator first, RandomAccessIterator last);
    5 custom (2)    
    6 template <class RandomAccessIterator, class Compare>
    7   void sort (RandomAccessIterator first, RandomAccessIterator last, Compare comp);
     1 // sort algorithm example
     2 #include <iostream>     // std::cout
     3 #include <algorithm>    // std::sort
     4 #include <vector>       // std::vector
     5 
     6 bool myfunction (int i,int j) { return (i<j); }
     7 
     8 struct myclass {
     9   bool operator() (int i,int j) { return (i<j);}
    10 } myobject;
    11 
    12 int main () {
    13   int myints[] = {32,71,12,45,26,80,53,33};
    14   std::vector<int> myvector (myints, myints+8);               // 32 71 12 45 26 80 53 33
    15 
    16   // using default comparison (operator <):
    17   std::sort (myvector.begin(), myvector.begin()+4);           //(12 32 45 71)26 80 53 33
    18 
    19   // 仿函数不必多言
    20   std::sort (myvector.begin()+4, myvector.end(), myfunction); // 12 32 45 71(26 33 53 80)
    21 
    22   // using object as comp
    23   std::sort (myvector.begin(), myvector.end(), myobject);     //(12 26 32 33 45 53 71 80)
    24 
    25   // print out content:
    26   std::cout << "myvector contains:";
    27   for (std::vector<int>::iterator it=myvector.begin(); it!=myvector.end(); ++it)
    28     std::cout << ' ' << *it;
    29   std::cout << '
    ';
    30 
    31   return 0;
    32 }
    33 
    34 Output:
    35 myvector contains: 12 26 32 33 45 53 71 80

    二、find

    返回改元素迭代器【没找到则返回 .end()】

    自带该算法的容器有:

    string【还带有rfind】: https://www.cnblogs.com/winslam/p/9405673.html

    1 std::find
    2 template <class InputIterator, class T>
    3 InputIterator find (InputIterator first, InputIterator last, const T& val);

    可以看到,find的返回值是一个同输入类型的迭代器。一般地,如果找到了该元素,就会返回该元素地泛型指针,如果没找到就默认返回该容器的 .end()。

    find算法的底层实现如下:

    1 template<class InputIterator, class T>
    2   InputIterator find (InputIterator first, InputIterator last, const T& val)
    3 {
    4   while (first!=last) {
    5     if (*first==val) return first;
    6     ++first;
    7   }
    8   return last;
    9 }

    例如:

     1 vector<int> vec;
     2 it = find(vec.begin(), vec.end(), val);
     3 if(it != vec.end()) // 代表找到了
     4 {
     5    cout << "*found" << endl;
     6 }
     7 else  // 代表 it = vec.end() 也就是没找到
     8 {
     9    cout << "not found" << endl;
    10 }
     1 // find example
     2 #include <iostream>     // std::cout
     3 #include <algorithm>    // std::find
     4 #include <vector>       // std::vector
     5 
     6 int main () {
     7   // using std::find with array and pointer:
     8   int myints[] = { 10, 20, 30, 40 };
     9   int * p;
    10 
    11   // <1>在数组中查找
    12   p = std::find (myints, myints+4, 30);
    13   if (p != myints+4) // 注意这里写法
    14     std::cout << "在数组中找到元素:" << *p << '
    ';
    15   else
    16     std::cout << "Element not found in myints
    ";
    17 
    18   // <2>在容器中查找
    19   std::vector<int> myvector (myints,myints+4);//数组初始化容器
    20   std::vector<int>::iterator it;
    21 
    22   it = find (myvector.begin(), myvector.end(), 30);
    23   if (it != myvector.end())
    24     std::cout << "在容器中找到元素: " << *it << '
    ';
    25   else
    26     std::cout << "容器中没有这个元素
    ";
    27 
    28   return 0;
    29 }

    三、count

    返回元素出现的次数

    1 std::count
    2 template <class InputIterator, class T>
    3 typename iterator_traits<InputIterator>::difference_type
    4 count (InputIterator first, InputIterator last, const T& val);

    实现如下:

     1 template <class InputIterator, class T>
     2   typename iterator_traits<InputIterator>::difference_type
     3     count (InputIterator first, InputIterator last, const T& val)
     4 {
     5   typename iterator_traits<InputIterator>::difference_type ret = 0;
     6   while (first!=last) {
     7     if (*first == val) ++ret;
     8     ++first;
     9   }
    10   return ret;
    11 }
     1 // count algorithm example
     2 #include <iostream>     // std::cout
     3 #include <algorithm>    // std::count
     4 #include <vector>       // std::vector
     5 
     6 int main () {
     7   // 统计元素在数组中出现次数
     8   int myints[] = {10,20,30,30,20,10,10,20};   // 8 elements
     9   int mycount = std::count (myints, myints+8, 10);
    10   std::cout << "10 appears " << mycount << " times.
    ";
    11 
    12   //  统计元素在容器中出现次数
    13   std::vector<int> myvector (myints, myints+8);
    14   mycount = std::count (myvector.begin(), myvector.end(), 20);
    15   std::cout << "20 appears " << mycount  << " times.
    ";
    16   return 0;
    17 }

    四、remove(参考《STL源码剖析》Page356)

    自带该算法的容器有:

    list  https://www.cnblogs.com/winslam/p/9416335.html

    1、执行remove之后,对象size不变,【不是和erase一样真的删除了】

    2、remove是将相同元素,移动到容器后端;例如:

    vec : 10 20 30 20 30 10

    执行:vector<int>::iterator pend =   remove(vec.begin(), vec.end(), 20);

    vec:    10  30  30  10  ?  ?

                                       ^

                                       |

    itr指向---------------------

    例如:

     1 // remove algorithm example
     2 #include <iostream>     // std::cout
     3 #include <algorithm>    // std::remove
     4 #include<vector>
     5 
     6 using namespace std;
     7 
     8 int main() {
     9     int myints[] = { 10,20,30,30,20,10,10,20 };      // 10 20 30 30 20 10 10 20
    10 
    11     vector<int> vec(myints, myints + sizeof(myints)/sizeof(int));
    12     // bounds of range:
    13     //int* pbegin = myints;                         
    14     //int* pend = pbegin + sizeof(myints) / sizeof(int);
    15 
    16     //pend = std::remove(pbegin, pend, 20);         // 10 30 30 10 10 ?  ?  ?                                
    17     //std::cout << "range contains:";
    18     //for (int* p = pbegin; p != pend; ++p)
    19     //    std::cout << ' ' << *p;
    20     //std::cout << '
    ';
    21 
    22     //================================================================
    23 
    24     vector<int>::iterator pend = remove(vec.begin(), vec.end(), 20);
    25     // 执行remove之后 vec的size不变
    26     // vec = 10 30 30 10 10 ?  ?  ?        至于后面三个,是残余数据不确定的
    27     for(vector<int>::iterator itr = vec.begin(); itr != pend; itr++ )
    28     {
    29         cout << *itr << " "; // 10 30 30 10 10
    30     }
    31     cout << endl;
    32     vec.erase(pend, vec.end()); // 你可以再加一步,完成删除操作   10 30 30 10 10
    33 34 return 0; 35 }

    有关 remove_copy remove_if remove_copy_if 暂时不更新;用什么学什么,就是这个原则。

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/winslam/p/9499164.html
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