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  • Centos 7.x 系统基础优化

    Centos 7.x 系统基础优化

    1、更换国内yum

    删除系统带的centos官方yum

    rm -rf /etc/yum.repos.d/*

    使用国内阿里云

    curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo

    使用国内阿里云epel

    wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo

    提示:如果这里提示没有wget命令,则需要执行:yum install wget -y

    2、安装系统基础包

    yum install vim lrzsz tree telnet wget lsof net-tools dos2unix sysstat traceroute unzip zip rsync -y

    3、市区配置和时间同步


    将硬件时钟调整为与本地时钟一致, 0 为设置为 UTC 时间 >cp /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime 或者 >使用命令:timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Shanghai

    yum install chrony -y

    配置:
    编辑配置文件:/etc/chrony.conf,删除4-6行,并修改第3行,如下:

    server time4.aliyun.com iburst

    启动chrony服务并设置开机自启

    systemctl enable chronyd.service
    systemctl start chronyd.service

    查看时间同步状态:

    [root@centos7 ~]# chronyc sources
    210 Number of sources = 1
    MS Name/IP address Stratum Poll Reach LastRx Last sample

    ===============================================================================
    ^* 203.107.6.88 2 9 377 287 -182us[ -676us] +/- 19ms

    4、关闭selinux和iptables


    iptables需要根据实际情况来决定是否关闭,请自行判断;
    关闭selinux: >sed -i 's#SELINUX=enforcing#SELINUX=disabled#g' /etc/sysconfig/selinux

    此配置是重启后生效,如果没有条件重启或者不想重启可以使用:

    setenforce 0 #此命令仅是忽略,还是建议关闭

    5、调整文件描述符数量

    修改/etc/security/limits.conf配置文件:

    echo '* - nofile 65535'>>/etc/security/limits.conf

    增加开机启动:

    cat >>/etc/rc.local<<EOF


    #open files
    ulimit -HSn 65535
    #stack size
    ulimit -s 65535
    EOF

    chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local

    6、锁定关键系统文件,防止提权篡改

    上锁:

    chattr +i /etc/passwd /etc/shadow /etc/group /etc/gshadow /etc/inittab

    解锁:

    chattr -i /etc/passwd /etc/shadow /etc/group /etc/gshadow /etc/inittab

    7、内核优化

    内核优化相关的参数很多,需要根据自身的业务进行相关参数的变更优化
    下面提供几个案例优化参数,仅供参考:

    #CTCDN系统优化参数
    #关闭ipv6
    net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6 = 1
    net.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6 = 1
    #决定检查过期多久邻居条目
    net.ipv4.neigh.default.gc_stale_time=120
    #使用arp_announce / arp_ignore解决ARP映射问题
    net.ipv4.conf.default.arp_announce = 2
    net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_announce=2
    net.ipv4.conf.lo.arp_announce=2 # 避免放大
    net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1 # 开启恶意icmp错误消息保护
    net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses = 1
    #关闭路由转发
    net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0
    net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects = 0
    net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects = 0
    #开启反向路径过滤
    net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1
    net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1
    #处理无源路由的包
    net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route = 0
    net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0
    #关闭sysrq功能
    kernel.sysrq = 0
    #core文件名中添加pid作为扩展名
    kernel.core_uses_pid = 1 # 开启SYN洪水保护
    net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
    #修改消息队列长度
    kernel.msgmnb = 65536
    kernel.msgmax = 65536
    #设置最大内存共享段大小bytes
    kernel.shmmax = 68719476736
    kernel.shmall = 4294967296
    #timewait的数量,默认180000
    net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 6000
    net.ipv4.tcp_sack = 1
    net.ipv4.tcp_window_scaling = 1
    net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 87380 4194304
    net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 16384 4194304
    net.core.wmem_default = 8388608
    net.core.rmem_default = 8388608
    net.core.rmem_max = 16777216
    net.core.wmem_max = 16777216
    #每个网络接口接收数据包的速率比内核处理这些包的速率快时,允许送到队列的数据包的最大数目
    net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 262144
    #限制仅仅是为了防止简单的DoS ***
    net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 3276800
    #未收到客户端确认信息的连接请求的最大值
    net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 262144
    net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0
    #内核放弃建立连接之前发送SYNACK 包的数量
    net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 1
    #内核放弃建立连接之前发送SYN 包的数量
    net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 1
    #启用timewait 快速回收
    net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
    #开启重用。允许将TIME-WAIT sockets 重新用于新的TCP 连接
    net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
    net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 94500000 915000000 927000000
    net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 1
    #当keepalive 起用的时候,TCP 发送keepalive 消息的频度。缺省是2 小时
    net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 1800
    net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_probes = 3
    net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_intvl = 15
    #允许系统打开的端口范围
    net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000
    #修改防火墙表大小,默认65536
    net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_max=655350
    net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_established=1200 # 确保无人能修改路由表
    net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects = 0
    net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects = 0
    net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects = 0
    net.ipv4.conf.default.secure_redirects = 0

    生效

    sysctl -p #生效

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/winstom/p/9402123.html
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