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  • PTA甲级—STL使用

    1.Stack

    1051 Pop Sequence (25分) 

    简答的栈模拟题,只要把过程想清楚就能做出来。

    扫描到某个元素时候,假如比栈顶元素还大,说明包括其本身的在内的数字都应该入栈。将栈顶元素和序列比对即可,相同则弹栈,继续扫描;否则无法生成满足条件的序列。注意栈满时不能入栈

    #include <cstdio>
    #include <cstring>
    #include <algorithm>
    using namespace std;
    const int maxn = 1e3+100;
    int m, n, q, a[maxn], sta[maxn];
    bool flag;
    int main(){
        scanf("%d%d%d", &m, &n, &q);
        while(q--){
            for(int i = 1; i <= n; i++) scanf("%d", &a[i]);
            int k = 1, max_num = 0, t = 0;
            flag = true;
            while(k<=n){
                while(max_num<a[k]&&t<m) sta[++t] = ++max_num;
                if(sta[t]==a[k]) t--, k++;
                else{
                    flag = false;
                    break;
                }
            }
            if(flag) printf("YES
    ");
            else printf("NO
    ");
        }
    }
    View Code

    2.Queue

    1056 Mice and Rice (25分)

    这题意我看了很久都没明白,后来看到别的博客才知道是什么意思,才开始动手写

    题目的要求是让你模拟一场比赛,n个参赛选手,k人一组,最后的不足k人也视为一组。然后每轮比赛决出一个冠军,进入下一组,直到最后只剩下一个人。所有在同一轮比赛中输掉的人排名相同。

    我的思路是将参赛者排入优先队列,得出每场比赛优胜者继续分入优先队列,重复上述过程得出冠军,中途记录每个人所处的轮次。之后可以根据每个人所处的轮次得到他的排名。能解决上述的两个小点这题就搞定了,但是我还是卡了很久,调试的时候有点粗心。

    #include <cstdio>
    #include <cstring>
    #include <string>
    #include <algorithm>
    #include <iostream>
    #include <map>
    #include <queue>
    #include <cmath>
    #define ll long long
    #define inf 0x3f3f3f
    #define pii pair<int, int>
    using namespace std;
    const int maxn = 1e3+100;
    priority_queue<pii, vector<pii>, less<pii> >que[maxn];
    int n, m, a[maxn];
    int id, rnd[maxn], cnt[maxn];
    int main(){
        scanf("%d%d", &n, &m);
        for(int i = 0; i <= n-1; i++) scanf("%d", &a[i]);
        for(int i = 0; i <= n-1; i++){
            scanf("%d", &id);
            que[i/m].push({a[id], id}), rnd[id]++;
        }
        int l = 0, r = (n-1)/m;
        while(l<r){
            //cout << l << "  " << r << endl;
            for(int i = l; i <= r; i++){
                pii P = que[i].top();
                que[(i-l)/m + r+1].push(P), rnd[P.second]++;
    //            cout << P.second << "  ";
            }
    //        cout << endl;
            int tmp = (r-l)/m;
            l = r + 1, r = tmp + l;
        }
        int maxRound = ++rnd[que[r].top().second];
        for(int i = 0; i <= n-1; i++) cnt[rnd[i]]++;
        for(int i = maxRound-1; i >= 1; i--) cnt[i] += cnt[i+1];
        for(int i = 0; i <= n-1; i++) printf("%d ", cnt[rnd[i]+1]+1);
    }
    View Code

    reference:

    https://blog.csdn.net/CV_Jason/article/details/85238006

    https://www.nowcoder.com/questionTerminal/667e3c519c30492fbb007fbb42f44bff

    3.String

    1060 Are They Equal (25分)

    这题有点把我恶心到了,得分确实不是很难,但是要把分拿全还是有很多地方需要去考虑的。按照算法笔记的样例测试下自己的代码,后来改了很久才过了,这本书确实还挺那不错的,给了很多指导。之后有空的话,可以根据书中的知识点稍作总结。

    题目大意是说将两个数改写成科学计数法的形式,然后判断他们是否相等。根据科学计数法的定义,只需要判断本体部分和指数是否相等即可。这样一来问题就转化成如何求给定浮点数的本体部分和指数。本体部分自然是要去掉前导0,这是关键。指数部分的话需要分三种情况,一种是0.0001345这种,指数为负数;一种是1234.678,指数为正数,一种是0.0000,指数为0;需要细心对这几种情况进行处理。

    #include <cstdio>
    #include <cstring>
    #include <string>
    #include <algorithm>
    #include <iostream>
    #include <map>
    #include <queue>
    #include <cmath>
    #define ll long long
    #define inf 0x3f3f3f
    #define pii pair<int, int>
    using namespace std;
    const int maxn = 1e3+100;
    int n, num1, num2;
    string s1, s2;
    int main(){
        cin >> n >> s1 >> s2;
        int len1 = s1.length(), len2 = s2.length(), p1 = s1.find('.'), p2 = s2.find('.');
        if(p1==-1) num1 = s1.length();
        else num1 = p1, s1.erase(p1, 1);
        if(p2==-1) num2 = s2.length();
        else num2 = p2, s2.erase(p2, 1);
        int tmp1 = n - num1, tmp2 = n - num2;
        while(tmp1>0) s1.insert(s1.end(), '0'), tmp1--;
        while(tmp2>0) s2.insert(s2.end(), '0'), tmp2--;
        //cout << s1 << " " << s2;
        if(s1.substr(0, n)==s2.substr(0, n))
            cout << "YES 0." << s1.substr(0, n) << "*10^" << num1 << endl;
        else
            cout << "NO 0." << s1.substr(0, n) << "*10^" << num1 << " 0." << s2.substr(0, n) << "*10^" << num2;
        
    }
    WA
    #include <cstdio>
    #include <cstring>
    #include <string>
    #include <algorithm>
    #include <iostream>
    #include <map>
    #include <queue>
    #include <cmath>
    #define ll long long
    #define inf 0x3f3f3f
    #define pii pair<int, int>
    using namespace std;
    int n, e1, e2;
    string s1, s2, s3, s4;
    string deal(string s, int &e){
        //cout << s << "   ";
        while(s[0]=='0') s.erase(s.begin());
        if(s[0]=='.'){
            s.erase(s.begin());
            while(s[0]=='0') s.erase(s.begin()), e--;
            if(s.length()==0) e = 0; 
        }
        else {
            e = s.find('.');
            if(e==-1) e = s.length();
            else s.erase(e, 1);
        }
        int tmp = n - e;
        while(tmp>0) s.insert(s.end(), '0'), tmp--;
        //cout << s << endl;
        return s.substr(0, n);
    } 
    int main(){
        cin >> n >> s1 >> s2;
        s3 = deal(s1, e1);
        s4 = deal(s2, e2);
        //cout << s3 << "  " << s4;
        if(s3==s4&&e1==e2)
            cout << "YES 0." << s3 << "*10^" << e1 << endl;
        else
            cout << "NO 0." << s3 << "*10^" << e1 << " 0." << s4 << "*10^" << e2;
        
    }
    AC

    4.Vector

    1039 Course List for Student (25分)

    map和vector的基本使用,最后记得对vector进行排序就可以了

    #include <cstdio>
    #include <cstring>
    #include <string>
    #include <algorithm>
    #include <iostream>
    #include <map>
    #include <queue>
    #include <vector>
    #include <cmath>
    #define ll long long
    #define inf 0x3f3f3f
    #define pii pair<int, int>
    #define pb push_back
    using namespace std;
    const int maxn = 3e3+100;
    map<string, vector<int> > mp;
    string s;
    int n, m, id, q;
    int main(){
        scanf("%d%d", &n, &m);
        while(m--){
            scanf("%d%d", &id, &q);
            while(q--){
                cin >> s;
                mp[s].pb(id);
            }
        }
        while(n--){
            cin >> s;
            int len = mp[s].size();
            cout << s << " " << len;
            sort(mp[s].begin(), mp[s].end());
            for(int i = 0; i < len; i++)
                cout << " " << mp[s][i];
            cout << endl;
        }
    } 
    View Code

    1047. Student List for Course
    vector的基本用法,但是最后一个测试点我超时了,原因是大量使用cout。这样一来解决方案有两种,一种是开始存储的时候就使用char*,另外一种为了方便起见,存储使用string,最后用string.to_str()转化使用printf输出,不过要注意to_str()的用法

    #include <cstdio>
    #include <cstring>
    #include <string>
    #include <algorithm>
    #include <iostream>
    #include <map>
    #include <queue>
    #include <vector>
    #include <cmath>
    #define ll long long
    #define inf 0x3f3f3f
    #define pii pair<int, int>
    #define pb push_back
    using namespace std;
    const int maxn = 3e3+100;
    vector<string> g[maxn];
    string s;
    int n, m, id, q;
    int main(){
        scanf("%d%d", &n, &m);
        while(n--){
            cin >> s >> q;
            while(q--){
                cin >> id;
                g[id].pb(s);
            }
        }
        for(int i = 1; i <= m; i++){
            cout << i << " " << g[i].size() << endl;
            sort(g[i].begin(), g[i].end());
            int len = g[i].size();
            for(int j = 0; j < len; j++)
                printf("%s
    ", g[i][j].c_str());
        }
    
    } 
    View Code

     reference:

    https://www.liuchuo.net/archives/2147

    https://www.xingmal.com/article/article/1234485790168453120

    https://blog.csdn.net/wangshubo1989/article/details/49872717

    https://www.cnblogs.com/newzol/p/8686076.html

    5.Map

    1071 Speech Patterns (25分)

    理解错题目意思了,题干还带干扰,导致后来WA后都不知道什么原因,发现自己连题目对单词的定义都没看清楚,当时觉得这句话太长了,就跳过了

    题目意思很简单,统计一句话中出现次数最多的单词的个数。这里的单词定义为被非数字、字母分割的连续数字、字母序列(e.g. aaa***aaaa需要进行分割):

    Here a "word" is defined as a continuous sequence of alphanumerical characters separated by non-alphanumerical characters or the line beginning/end.

     剩下的就是直接统计了,不过需要注意读取字符的方式,这里可以使用getline(cin, str) 读入一整行

    #include <cstdio>
    #include <cstring>
    #include <string>
    #include <algorithm>
    #include <iostream>
    #include <map>
    #include <queue>
    #include <vector>
    #include <cmath>
    #define ll long long
    #define inf 0x3f3f3f
    #define pii pair<int, int>
    #define pb push_back
    using namespace std;
    const int maxn = 1e8+100;
    string str, id;
    int t, res;
    char ch;
    map<string, int> mp;
    bool check(char ch){
        if(ch>='a'&&ch<='z') return true;
        else if(ch>='A'&&ch<='Z') return true;
        else if(ch>='0'&&ch<='9') return true;
        else return false;
    }
    int main(){
        getline(cin, str);
        while(str[t]){
            string word;
            while(check(ch=str[t++])){
                if((ch>='a'&&ch<='z')||(ch>='0'&&ch<='9')) word += ch;
                else if(ch>='A'&&ch<='Z') word += ch-'A'+'a';
                else if(word!="") word.clear();
            }
            if(word!="") {
    //            cout << word << " ";
                if(++mp[word]>=res) id = word , res = mp[id];
                else if(mp[word]==res) id = id=="" ? word : min(id, word);
            }
        }
        cout << id << " " << res;
    } 
    View Code

    Reference:

    https://blog.csdn.net/a3192048/article/details/80303547

    https://blog.csdn.net/qq_41325698/article/details/103424661

     

    1100 Mars Numbers (20分)

    map的基本使用,不难但是这种字符串的题目处理起来有点小麻烦。

    还有两点需要注意:

    • tret字符串长度为4啊,不要默认它长度为3
    • 火星文进位没有0,比如26 输入的是 hel 而不是hel tret(题目中并没有指明)
    #include <cstdio>
    #include <cstring>
    #include <string>
    #include <algorithm>
    #include <iostream>
    #include <map>
    #include <queue>
    #include <vector>
    #include <cmath>
    #define ll long long
    #define inf 0x3f3f3f
    #define pii pair<int, int>
    #define pb push_back
    using namespace std;
    const int maxn = 1e8+100;
    int t;
    string str;
    map<string, int> num;
    string low[13] = {"tret", "jan", "feb", "mar", "apr", "may", "jun", "jly", "aug", "sep", "oct", "nov", "dec" };
    string high[13] = {"tret","tam", "hel", "maa", "huh", "tou", "kes", "hei", "elo", "syy", "lok","mer", "jou" };
    int main(){
        for(int i = 0; i < 13; i++) num[low[i]] = i, num[high[i]] = 13*i;
        scanf("%d", &t);
        getchar();
        while(t--){
            getline(cin, str);
            int len = str.length();
            if(str[0]>='0'&&str[0]<='9') {
                int sum = 0;
                for(int i = 0; i < len; i++) sum += (str[i]-'0')*pow(10, len-1-i);
                if(sum<13) cout << low[sum] << endl;
                else {
                    cout << high[sum/13];
                    if(sum%13!=0) cout << " " << low[sum%13];
                    cout << endl;
                } 
            }
            else if(len<=4) cout << num[str] << endl;
            else cout << num[str.substr(0, 3)]+num[str.substr(4, 3)] << endl;
        }
    }
    View Code

    Reference:

    https://blog.csdn.net/qq_26398495/article/details/79159381

     

    1022 Digital Library (30分)

    map的基本使用,需要注意两点:

    • getline的使用,详细见Refernce
    • 记录id的时候最好使用string而不是int,可能会碰到0000111的格式,或者输出时限制格式也可
    #include <cstdio>
    #include <cstring>
    #include <string>
    #include <algorithm>
    #include <iostream>
    #include <map>
    #include <queue>
    #include <vector>
    #include <cmath>
    #define ll long long
    #define inf 0x3f3f3f
    #define pii pair<int, int>
    #define pb push_back
    using namespace std;
    const int maxn = 1e8+100;
    map<string, vector<string> >mp;
    string id, title, author, keyword, publisher, date, query;
    int t, q;
    int main(){
        scanf("%d", &t);
        while(t--){
            cin >> id, getchar(); 
            getline(cin, title), getline(cin, author);
    //        cout << id << " " << title << " " << author << endl;
            mp[title].pb(id), mp[author].pb(id);
            while(cin>>keyword){
                mp[keyword].pb(id);
                if(getchar()=='
    ') break;
            }
            getline(cin, publisher); 
            cin >> date;
            mp[publisher].pb(id), mp[date].pb(id);
        }
        cin >> q, getchar();
        while(q--){
            getline(cin, query);
            cout << query << endl;
            string tmp = query.erase(0, 3);
            int len = mp[tmp].size();
            if(len!=0){
                sort(mp[tmp].begin(), mp[tmp].end());
                for(int i = 0; i < len; i++)
                    cout << mp[tmp][i] << endl;
            }    
            else cout << "Not Found" << endl;
    //        cout << query << endl;
        }
    } 
    View Code

    Reference:

    https://www.cnblogs.com/zzzlight/p/12541729.html

     

    6.Set

    1063 Set Similarity (25分)

    这题就是set的基本使用,最开始做的时候由于把查询的两个数据集结果用set再保存一遍,发现测试点4会超时。

    为了降低复杂度,策略改成找两个数据集相同的部分。可以分别使用两个指针指向数据集去判断,不过使用find足以过题,就没有再优化了

    #include <cstdio>
    #include <cstring>
    #include <string>
    #include <algorithm>
    #include <iostream>
    #include <cmath>
    #include <map>
    #include <queue>
    #include <vector>
    #include <set>
    #define ll long long
    #define inf 0x3f3f3f
    #define pii pair<int, int>
    #define pb push_back
    using namespace std;
    const int maxn = 1e8+100;
    set<int> s[100];
    int n, m, num, q;
    int main(){
        scanf("%d", &n);
        for(int i = 1; i <= n; i++){
            scanf("%d", &m);
            while(m--){
                scanf("%d", &num);
                s[i].insert(num);
            }        
        }
        scanf("%d", &q);
        while(q--){
            int a, b, tot = 0;
            scanf("%d%d", &a, &b);
            int lena = s[a].size(), lenb = s[b].size();
            set<int>::iterator it;
            for(it = s[a].begin(); it != s[a].end(); it++) {
                if(s[b].find(*it)!=s[b].end()) tot++;
            }
    //        cout << lena << " " << lenb << " " << s[n+1].size() << endl;
            printf("%.1f%
    ", 100.0*tot/(lena+lenb-tot));
        }
    }
    View Code
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/wizarderror/p/14289072.html
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