RHEL7下PXE+NFS+Kickstart无人值守安装操作系统
1.配置yum源
vim /etc/yum.repos.d/development.repo
[development]
name=yum server
baseurl=file:///mnt
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
2.挂载光盘
mount /dev/sr0 /mnt
3.安装相关软件包
yum install dhcp syslinux xinetd tftp-server
4.配置dhcp
vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
5.添加内容
subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
range 192.168.1.50 192.168.1.90;
option domain-name-servers 192.168.1.1;
option domain-name "internal.example.org";
option routers 192.168.1.1;
option broadcast-address 192.168.1.255;
next-server 192.168.1.30;
filename "pxelinux.0";
default-lease-time 600;
max-lease-time 7200;
}
6.启动服务和开机自启动
systemctl start dhcpd.service
systemctl enable dhcpd.service
7.复制启动文件
cd /var/lib/tftpboot/ #进入/var/lib/tftpboot/
cp /mnt/isolinux/initrd.img /var/lib/tftpboot #复制initrd.img到/var/lib/tftpboot目录下
cp /mnt/isolinux/vmlinuz /var/lib/tftpboot/ #复制vmlinuz到/var/lib/tftpboot目录下
cp /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 /var/lib/tftpboot/ #复制pxelinux.0到/var/lib/tftpboot目录下
cp /mnt/isolinux/vesamenu.c32 /var/lib/tftpboot/ #复制vesamenu.c32到/var/lib/tftpboot目录下
cp /mnt/isolinux/boot.msg /var/lib/tftpboot/ #复制boot.msg到/var/lib/tftpboot目录下
cd /var/lib/tftpboot/ #进入/var/lib/tftpboot目录下
mkdir pxelinux.cfg #在/var/lib/tftpboot目录下创建pxelinux.cfg目录
cd pxelinux.cfg/ #进入pxelinux.cfg目录下
cp /mnt/isolinux/isolinux.cfg /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default #复制isolinux.cfg到pxelinux.cfg目录下并命名为default
vim default #在/var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg目录下修改default文件
label PXE-linux
menu label ^Install System from PXE-RHEL7.0
kernel vmlinuz
append initrd=initrd.img ks=nfs://192.168.1.30/rhel7/ks.cfg ksdevice=eno16777736 ip=dhcp quiet
8.配置tftp-server syslinux
vim /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
service tftp
{
socket_type = dgram
protocol = udp
wait = yes
user = root
server = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd
server_args = -s /var/lib/tftpboot
disable = no
per_source = 11
cps = 100 2
flags = IPv4
}
9.启动服务和开机自启动
systemctl start xinetd.service
systemctl enable xinetd.service
10.安装配置NFS
yum -y install nfs* #安装nfs服务
mkdir /rhel7 #根下创建安装文件目录
cd /rhel7 #进入RHEL7.0目录
cp -rf /mnt/* /rhel7/ #复制光盘内容到rhel7目录下
vim /etc/exports #nfs共享系统文件
/rhel7 192.168.1.0/24(rw,sync,no_root_squash,no_all_squash)
11.启动服务
systemctl start nfs-server
systemctl enable nfs-server
12.无图形界面配置kickstart一键安装应答文件
vim /rhel7/ks.cfg
#platform=x86, AMD64, 或 Intel EM64T
#version=DEVEL
# Install OS instead of upgrade
install
# Keyboard layouts
keyboard 'us'# Reboot after installation
reboot
# Root password
rootpw --iscrypted $1$FyasdJen$q2zUDfVq.ln1FmIlP8O/m0 //root密码为7788521
# System timezone
timezone Asia/Shanghai
# System language
lang en_US
# Firewall configuration
firewall --disabled
# Network information
network --bootproto=dhcp --device=eno16777736
# System authorization information
auth --useshadow --passalgo=sha512
# Use graphical install
graphical
firstboot --disable
# SELinux configuration
selinux --disabled
# Use NFS installation media
nfs --server=192.168.1.30 --dir=/rhel7
# System bootloader configuration
bootloader --location=mbr
# Partition clearing information
clearpart --all --initlabel
# Disk partitioning information
part /boot --asprimary --fstype="xfs" --size=500
part swap --asprimary --fstype="swap" --size=2048
part / --asprimary --fstype="xfs" --size=10240
part /home --fstype="xfs" --grow --size=1
%packages
@base
@core
@desktop-debugging
@dial-up
@fonts
@gnome-desktop
@guest-agents
@guest-desktop-agents
@input-methods
@internet-browser
@kde-desktop
@multimedia
@print-client
@x11
%end
图形化系统可以安装Kickstart
yum -y install system-config-kickstart.noarch
system-config-kickstart
13.修改SELinux状态
vim /etc/sysconfig/selinux
SELINUX=disabled
14.开放防火墙服务和端口
firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=dhcp
firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=nfs
firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=69/udp
firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=111/tcp
firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=111/udp
firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=20048/tcp
firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=20048/udp
firewall-cmd --reload
配置文件详细内容
1.dhcpd.conf文件内容
[root@localhost tftpboot]# cat /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
range 192.168.1.50 192.168.1.90;
option domain-name-servers 192.168.1.1;
option domain-name "internal.example.org";
option routers 192.168.1.1;
option broadcast-address 192.168.1.255;
next-server 192.168.1.30;
filename "pxelinux.0";
default-lease-time 600;
max-lease-time 7200;
}
2.tftp文件内容
[root@localhost tftpboot]# cat /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
# default: off
# description: The tftp server serves files using the trivial file transfer
# protocol. The tftp protocol is often used to boot diskless
# workstations, download configuration files to network-aware printers,
# and to start the installation process for some operating systems.
service tftp
{
socket_type = dgram
protocol = udp
wait = yes
user = root
server = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd
server_args = -s /var/lib/tftpboot
disable = no
per_source = 11
cps = 100 2
flags = IPv4
}
3.default文件内容
[root@localhost tftpboot]# cat /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
default vesamenu.c32
timeout 600
display boot.msg
# Clear the screen when exiting the menu, instead of leaving the menu displayed.
# For vesamenu, this means the graphical background is still displayed without
# the menu itself for as long as the screen remains in graphics mode.
menu clear
menu background splash.png
menu title Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0
menu vshift 8
menu rows 18
menu margin 8
#menu hidden
menu helpmsgrow 15
menu tabmsgrow 13
# Border Area
menu color border * #00000000 #00000000 none
# Selected item
menu color sel 0 #ffffffff #00000000 none
# Title bar
menu color title 0 #ff7ba3d0 #00000000 none
# Press [Tab] message
menu color tabmsg 0 #ff3a6496 #00000000 none
# Unselected menu item
menu color unsel 0 #84b8ffff #00000000 none
# Selected hotkey
menu color hotsel 0 #84b8ffff #00000000 none
# Unselected hotkey
menu color hotkey 0 #ffffffff #00000000 none
# Help text
menu color help 0 #ffffffff #00000000 none
# A scrollbar of some type? Not sure.
menu color scrollbar 0 #ffffffff #ff355594 none
# Timeout msg
menu color timeout 0 #ffffffff #00000000 none
menu color timeout_msg 0 #ffffffff #00000000 none
# Command prompt text
menu color cmdmark 0 #84b8ffff #00000000 none
menu color cmdline 0 #ffffffff #00000000 none
# Do not display the actual menu unless the user presses a key. All that is displayed is a timeout message.
menu tabmsg Press Tab for full configuration options on menu items.
menu separator # insert an empty line
menu separator # insert an empty line
label PXE-linux
menu label ^Install System from PXE-RHEL7.0
kernel vmlinuz
append initrd=initrd.img ks=nfs://192.168.1.30/rhel7/ks.cfg ksdevice=eno16777736 ip=dhcp quiet
label linux
menu label ^Install Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0
kernel vmlinuz
append initrd=initrd.img inst.stage2=hd:LABEL=RHEL-7.0x20Server.x86_64 quiet
label check
menu label Test this ^media & install Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0
menu default
kernel vmlinuz
append initrd=initrd.img inst.stage2=hd:LABEL=RHEL-7.0x20Server.x86_64 rd.live.check quiet
menu separator # insert an empty line
# utilities submenu
menu begin ^Troubleshooting
menu title Troubleshooting
label vesa
menu indent count 5
menu label Install Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0 in ^basic graphics mode
text help
Try this option out if you're having trouble installing
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0.
endtext
kernel vmlinuz
append initrd=initrd.img inst.stage2=hd:LABEL=RHEL-7.0x20Server.x86_64 xdriver=vesa nomodeset quiet
label rescue
menu indent count 5
menu label ^Rescue a Red Hat Enterprise Linux system
text help
If the system will not boot, this lets you access files
and edit config files to try to get it booting again.
endtext
kernel vmlinuz
append initrd=initrd.img inst.stage2=hd:LABEL=RHEL-7.0x20Server.x86_64 rescue quiet
label memtest
menu label Run a ^memory test
text help
If your system is having issues, a problem with your
system's memory may be the cause. Use this utility to
see if the memory is working correctly.
endtext
kernel memtest
menu separator # insert an empty line
label local
menu label Boot from ^local drive
localboot 0xffff
menu separator # insert an empty line
menu separator # insert an empty line
label returntomain
menu label Return to ^main menu
menu exit
menu end
4.ks.cfg文件内容
[root@localhost tftpboot]# cat /rhel7/ks.cfg
#platform=x86, AMD64, 或 Intel EM64T
#version=DEVEL
# Install OS instead of upgrade
install
# Keyboard layouts
keyboard 'us'# Reboot after installation
reboot
# Root password
rootpw --iscrypted $1$FyasdJen$q2zUDfVq.ln1FmIlP8O/m0
# System timezone
timezone Asia/Shanghai
# System language
lang en_US
# Firewall configuration
firewall --disabled
# Network information
network --bootproto=dhcp --device=eno16777736
# System authorization information
auth --useshadow --passalgo=sha512
# Use graphical install
graphical
firstboot --disable
# SELinux configuration
selinux --disabled
# Use NFS installation media
nfs --server=192.168.1.30 --dir=/rhel7
# System bootloader configuration
bootloader --location=mbr
# Partition clearing information
clearpart --all --initlabel
# Disk partitioning information
part /boot --asprimary --fstype="xfs" --size=500
part swap --asprimary --fstype="swap" --size=2048
part / --asprimary --fstype="xfs" --size=10240
part /home --fstype="xfs" --grow --size=1
%packages
@base
@core
@desktop-debugging
@dial-up
@fonts
@gnome-desktop
@guest-agents
@guest-desktop-agents
@input-methods
@internet-browser
@kde-desktop
@multimedia
@print-client
@x11
%end
5.tftpboot目录下的文件
[root@localhost tftpboot]# pwd
/var/lib/tftpboot
[root@localhost tftpboot]# ll
总用量 39688
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 74 6月 4 17:10 boot.msg
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 35544564 6月 4 17:28 initrd.img
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 26460 6月 4 17:29 pxelinux.0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 20 6月 4 17:10 pxelinux.cfg
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 155792 6月 4 17:33 vesamenu.c32
-r-xr-xr-x 1 root root 4902000 6月 4 17:28 vmlinuz
6.pxelinux.cfg目录下的文件
[root@localhost pxelinux.cfg]# pwd
/var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg
[root@localhost pxelinux.cfg]# ll
总用量 4
-r--r--r--. 1 root root 3343 6月 4 17:10 default