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Kubernetes之（十六）Dashboard认证访问

Kubernetes之（十六）Dashboard认证访问

Kubernetes之（十六）Dashboard认证访问

Dashboard:https://github.com/kubernetes/dashboard

Dashboard部署

下载yaml文件

[root@master manifests]# wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v1.10.1/src/deploy/recommended/kubernetes-dashboard.yaml

查看yaml
deployment的image需要从k8s.gcr.io仓库下载，国内无法拉取成功。两种方法：

提前在node节点拉取镜像kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.10.1，然后docker tag修改标签。
直接把yaml文件内的image修改为可用的仓库，

[root@master manifests]# vim kubernetes-dashboard.yaml
......
        #image: k8s.gcr.io/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.10.1
        image: xiaobai20201/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.10.1 # 我自己的dockerhub仓库
......

其中 yaml文件种的service配置没有指定type，此时我们需要指定为NodePort才能使用外部访问

......
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  ports:
    - port: 443
      targetPort: 8443
  selector:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  type: NodePort
  ......

执行

[root@master manifests]# kubectl apply -f kubernetes-dashboard.yaml 
secret/kubernetes-dashboard-certs created
serviceaccount/kubernetes-dashboard created
role.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard-minimal created
rolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard-minimal created
deployment.apps/kubernetes-dashboard created
service/kubernetes-dashboard created

[root@master manifests]# kubectl get pods -n kube-system
NAME                                   READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
coredns-78d4cf999f-6cb69               1/1     Running   0          11d
coredns-78d4cf999f-tflpn               1/1     Running   0          11d
etcd-master                            1/1     Running   0          11d
kube-apiserver-master                  1/1     Running   0          11d
kube-controller-manager-master         1/1     Running   0          11d
kube-flannel-ds-amd64-gtv85            1/1     Running   0          11d
kube-flannel-ds-amd64-gwbql            1/1     Running   1          11d
kube-flannel-ds-amd64-ml7nf            1/1     Running   0          11d
kube-proxy-ch4vp                       1/1     Running   0          11d
kube-proxy-cz2rf                       1/1     Running   1          11d
kube-proxy-kdp7d                       1/1     Running   0          11d
kube-scheduler-master                  1/1     Running   0          11d
kubernetes-dashboard-6f9998798-klf4t   1/1     Running   0          2m46s

[root@master manifests]# kubectl get svc -n kube-system
NAME                   TYPE        CLUSTER-IP      EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)         AGE
kube-dns               ClusterIP   10.96.0.10      <none>        53/UDP,53/TCP   11d
kubernetes-dashboard   NodePort    10.104.230.45   <none>        443:30650/TCP   43s

浏览器访问 https://10.0.0.10:30650 ,注意这里的https证书是不安全的，谷歌浏览器会禁止访问，此时建议使用火狐，并且需要在高级选项中认证。

在k8s中 dashboard可以有两种访问方式：kubeconfig（HTTPS）和token（http）:

token认证

创建dashboard专用证书

[root@master manifests]# cd /etc/kubernetes/pki/
[root@master pki]# (umask 077;openssl genrsa -out dashboard.key 2048)
Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus
...................................................................+++
.......+++
e is 65537 (0x10001)

证书签署请求

[root@master pki]# openssl req -new -key dashboard.key -out dashboard.csr -subj "/O=white/CN=dasnboard" #如果以后需要域名访问 /CN需要和域名一致

签署证书

[root@master pki]# openssl x509 -req -in dashboard.csr  -CA ca.crt -CAkey ca.key -CAcreateserial -out dashboard.crt -days 3650                                      
Signature ok
subject=/O=white/CN=dasnboard
Getting CA Private Key

定义令牌方式仅能访问default名称空间

[root@master pki]# kubectl create secret generic dashboard-cert -n kube-system --from-file=dashboard.crt=./dashboard.crt  --from-file=dashboard.key=./dashboard.key
secret/dashboard-cert created

[root@master pki]# kubectl get secret -n kube-system |grep dashboard
dashboard-cert                                   Opaque                                2      25s
kubernetes-dashboard-certs                       Opaque                                0      101m
kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder                  Opaque                                2      100m
kubernetes-dashboard-token-4pln6                 kubernetes.io/service-account-token   3      101m

#创建serviceaccount
[root@master pki]# kubectl create serviceaccount def-ns-admin -n default
serviceaccount/def-ns-admin created

 #service account账户绑定到集群角色admin
[root@master pki]# kubectl create rolebinding def-ns-admin --clusterrole=admin --serviceaccount=default:def-ns-admin
rolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/def-ns-admin created

[root@master pki]# kubectl get secret
NAME                       TYPE                                  DATA   AGE
admin-token-sswgb          kubernetes.io/service-account-token   3      4d1h
def-ns-admin-token-p5nxf   kubernetes.io/service-account-token   3      74s
default-token-dqd2f        kubernetes.io/service-account-token   3      11d
mysql-root-password        Opaque                                1      5d
tomcat-ingress-secret      kubernetes.io/tls                     2      6d5h
[root@master pki]# kubectl describe secret def-ns-admin-token-p5nxf
Name:         def-ns-admin-token-p5nxf
Namespace:    default
Labels:       <none>
Annotations:  kubernetes.io/service-account.name: def-ns-admin
              kubernetes.io/service-account.uid: 45e2e667-59d0-11e9-80a7-000c295ec349

Type:  kubernetes.io/service-account-token

Data
====
ca.crt:     1025 bytes
namespace:  7 bytes
token:      eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6IiJ9.eyJpc3MiOiJrdWJlcm5ldGVzL3NlcnZpY2VhY2NvdW50Iiwia3ViZXJuZXRlcy5pby9zZXJ2aWNlYWNjb3VudC9uYW1lc3BhY2UiOiJkZWZhdWx0Iiwia3ViZXJuZXRlcy5pby9zZXJ2aWNlYWNjb3VudC9zZWNyZXQubmFtZSI6ImRlZi1ucy1hZG1pbi10b2tlbi1wNW54ZiIsImt1YmVybmV0ZXMuaW8vc2VydmljZWFjY291bnQvc2VydmljZS1hY2NvdW50Lm5hbWUiOiJkZWYtbnMtYWRtaW4iLCJrdWJlcm5ldGVzLmlvL3NlcnZpY2VhY2NvdW50L3NlcnZpY2UtYWNjb3VudC51aWQiOiI0NWUyZTY2Ny01OWQwLTExZTktODBhNy0wMDBjMjk1ZWMzNDkiLCJzdWIiOiJzeXN0ZW06c2VydmljZWFjY291bnQ6ZGVmYXVsdDpkZWYtbnMtYWRtaW4ifQ.BhsCdi6yjO4-epmIUEXgSvO332FDvOM8_HdWGCEeES08aiLu4hPg3kGunSkkX5YUDyjU7A_wxzHSFvT4pqMQ-ufSDXmVfdNRe1ZTbgbncvJR2_OeclbKCjUqyYaXYs-UNk-qGPxLQT8Qq9fg73SSlqGF4jI8TzbblXZIGnhcTsdCfMwFoAd3i9u_pEFHgFzVV1XdAR9bV1EnGOpTP5J5RXsZnWyLkQu8LxVB3uHJt_HvsAop9OGLcOJIVEYnfMVl4DO_ieJrspFDqlfm4n_t9JFMpJ13cPTBPSGKeLmdt9xtK6WLKjzvxC59i_xaovC14VJz3vNEZ__wXnGUpyjyJw

将该token复制后，填入验证，要知道的是，该token认证仅可以查看default名称空间的内容，如下图：

kube-config认证

配置def-ns-admin的集群信息

[root@master pki]# kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes --certificate-authority=./ca.crt --server="https://10.0.0.10:6443" --embed-certs=true --kubeconfig=/root/def-ns-admin.conf
Cluster "kubernetes" set.

使用token写入集群验证

[root@master pki]# kubectl config set-credentials -h   #认证的方式可以通过crt和key文件，也可以使用token进行配置，这里使用tonken

[root@master pki]#  kubectl describe secret def-ns-admin-token-p5nxf
Name:         def-ns-admin-token-p5nxf
Namespace:    default
Labels:       <none>
Annotations:  kubernetes.io/service-account.name: def-ns-admin
              kubernetes.io/service-account.uid: 45e2e667-59d0-11e9-80a7-000c295ec349

Type:  kubernetes.io/service-account-token

Data
====
ca.crt:     1025 bytes
namespace:  7 bytes
token:      eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6IiJ9.eyJpc3MiOiJrdWJlcm5ldGVzL3NlcnZpY2VhY2NvdW50Iiwia3ViZXJuZXRlcy5pby9zZXJ2aWNlYWNjb3VudC9uYW1lc3BhY2UiOiJkZWZhdWx0Iiwia3ViZXJuZXRlcy5pby9zZXJ2aWNlYWNjb3VudC9zZWNyZXQubmFtZSI6ImRlZi1ucy1hZG1pbi10b2tlbi1wNW54ZiIsImt1YmVybmV0ZXMuaW8vc2VydmljZWFjY291bnQvc2VydmljZS1hY2NvdW50Lm5hbWUiOiJkZWYtbnMtYWRtaW4iLCJrdWJlcm5ldGVzLmlvL3NlcnZpY2VhY2NvdW50L3NlcnZpY2UtYWNjb3VudC51aWQiOiI0NWUyZTY2Ny01OWQwLTExZTktODBhNy0wMDBjMjk1ZWMzNDkiLCJzdWIiOiJzeXN0ZW06c2VydmljZWFjY291bnQ6ZGVmYXVsdDpkZWYtbnMtYWRtaW4ifQ.BhsCdi6yjO4-epmIUEXgSvO332FDvOM8_HdWGCEeES08aiLu4hPg3kGunSkkX5YUDyjU7A_wxzHSFvT4pqMQ-ufSDXmVfdNRe1ZTbgbncvJR2_OeclbKCjUqyYaXYs-UNk-qGPxLQT8Qq9fg73SSlqGF4jI8TzbblXZIGnhcTsdCfMwFoAd3i9u_pEFHgFzVV1XdAR9bV1EnGOpTP5J5RXsZnWyLkQu8LxVB3uHJt_HvsAop9OGLcOJIVEYnfMVl4DO_ieJrspFDqlfm4n_t9JFMpJ13cPTBPSGKeLmdt9xtK6WLKjzvxC59i_xaovC14VJz3vNEZ__wXnGUpyjyJw

#此处token是base64编码，此处需要进行解码操作
[root@master pki]# kubectl get secret def-ns-admin-token-p5nxf -o jsonpath={.data.token} |base64 -d
eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6IiJ9.eyJpc3MiOiJrdWJlcm5ldGVzL3NlcnZpY2VhY2NvdW50Iiwia3ViZXJuZXRlcy5pby9zZXJ2aWNlYWNjb3VudC9uYW1lc3BhY2UiOiJkZWZhdWx0Iiwia3ViZXJuZXRlcy5pby9zZXJ2aWNlYWNjb3VudC9zZWNyZXQubmFtZSI6ImRlZi1ucy1hZG1pbi10b2tlbi1wNW54ZiIsImt1YmVybmV0ZXMuaW8vc2VydmljZWFjY291bnQvc2VydmljZS1hY2NvdW50Lm5hbWUiOiJkZWYtbnMtYWRtaW4iLCJrdWJlcm5ldGVzLmlvL3NlcnZpY2VhY2NvdW50L3NlcnZpY2UtYWNjb3VudC51aWQiOiI0NWUyZTY2Ny01OWQwLTExZTktODBhNy0wMDBjMjk1ZWMzNDkiLCJzdWIiOiJzeXN0ZW06c2VydmljZWFjY291bnQ6ZGVmYXVsdDpkZWYtbnMtYWRtaW4ifQ.BhsCdi6yjO4-epmIUEXgSvO332FDvOM8_HdWGCEeES08aiLu4hPg3kGunSkkX5YUDyjU7A_wxzHSFvT4pqMQ-ufSDXmVfdNRe1ZTbgbncvJR2_OeclbKCjUqyYaXYs-UNk-qGPxLQT8Qq9fg73SSlqGF4jI8TzbblXZIGnhcTsdCfMwFoAd3i9u_pEFHgFzVV1XdAR9bV1EnGOpTP5J5RXsZnWyLkQu8LxVB3uHJt_HvsAop9OGLcOJIVEYnfMVl4DO_ieJrspFDqlfm4n_t9JFMpJ13cPTBPSGKeLmdt9xtK6WLKjzvxC59i_xaovC14VJz3vNEZ__wXnGUpyjyJw

#配置token信息
[root@master pki]# kubectl config set-credentials def-ns-admin --token=eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6IiJ9.eyJpc3MiOiJrdWJlcm5ldGVzL3NlcnZpY2VhY2NvdW50Iiwia3ViZXJuZXRlcy5pby9zZXJ2aWNlYWNjb3VudC9uYW1lc3BhY2UiOiJkZWZhdWx0Iiwia3ViZXJuZXRlcy5pby9zZXJ2aWNlYWNjb3VudC9zZWNyZXQubmFtZSI6ImRlZi1ucy1hZG1pbi10b2tlbi1wNW54ZiIsImt1YmVybmV0ZXMuaW8vc2VydmljZWFjY291bnQvc2VydmljZS1hY2NvdW50Lm5hbWUiOiJkZWYtbnMtYWRtaW4iLCJrdWJlcm5ldGVzLmlvL3NlcnZpY2VhY2NvdW50L3NlcnZpY2UtYWNjb3VudC51aWQiOiI0NWUyZTY2Ny01OWQwLTExZTktODBhNy0wMDBjMjk1ZWMzNDkiLCJzdWIiOiJzeXN0ZW06c2VydmljZWFjY291bnQ6ZGVmYXVsdDpkZWYtbnMtYWRtaW4ifQ.BhsCdi6yjO4-epmIUEXgSvO332FDvOM8_HdWGCEeES08aiLu4hPg3kGunSkkX5YUDyjU7A_wxzHSFvT4pqMQ-ufSDXmVfdNRe1ZTbgbncvJR2_OeclbKCjUqyYaXYs-UNk-qGPxLQT8Qq9fg73SSlqGF4jI8TzbblXZIGnhcTsdCfMwFoAd3i9u_pEFHgFzVV1XdAR9bV1EnGOpTP5J5RXsZnWyLkQu8LxVB3uHJt_HvsAop9OGLcOJIVEYnfMVl4DO_ieJrspFDqlfm4n_t9JFMpJ13cPTBPSGKeLmdt9xtK6WLKjzvxC59i_xaovC14VJz3vNEZ__wXnGUpyjyJw  --kubeconfig=/root/def-ns-admin.conf 
User "def-ns-admin" set.

配置上下文和当前上下文

[root@master ~]# kubectl config set-context def-ns-admin@kubernetes --cluster=kubernetes --user=def-ns-admin --kubeconfig=/root/def-ns-admin.conf 
Context "def-ns-admin@kubernetes" created.

[root@master ~]# kubectl config view --kubeconfig=/root/def-ns-admin.conf 
apiVersion: v1
clusters:
- cluster:
    certificate-authority-data: DATA+OMITTED
    server: https://10.0.0.10:6443
  name: kubernetes
contexts:
- context:
    cluster: kubernetes
    user: def-ns-admin
  name: def-ns-admin@kubernetes
current-context: ""
kind: Config
preferences: {}
users:
- name: def-ns-admin
  user:
    token: eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6IiJ9.eyJpc3MiOiJrdWJlcm5ldGVzL3NlcnZpY2VhY2NvdW50Iiwia3ViZXJuZXRlcy5pby9zZXJ2aWNlYWNjb3VudC9uYW1lc3BhY2UiOiJkZWZhdWx0Iiwia3ViZXJuZXRlcy5pby9zZXJ2aWNlYWNjb3VudC9zZWNyZXQubmFtZSI6ImRlZi1ucy1hZG1pbi10b2tlbi1wNW54ZiIsImt1YmVybmV0ZXMuaW8vc2VydmljZWFjY291bnQvc2VydmljZS1hY2NvdW50Lm5hbWUiOiJkZWYtbnMtYWRtaW4iLCJrdWJlcm5ldGVzLmlvL3NlcnZpY2VhY2NvdW50L3NlcnZpY2UtYWNjb3VudC51aWQiOiI0NWUyZTY2Ny01OWQwLTExZTktODBhNy0wMDBjMjk1ZWMzNDkiLCJzdWIiOiJzeXN0ZW06c2VydmljZWFjY291bnQ6ZGVmYXVsdDpkZWYtbnMtYWRtaW4ifQ.BhsCdi6yjO4-epmIUEXgSvO332FDvOM8_HdWGCEeES08aiLu4hPg3kGunSkkX5YUDyjU7A_wxzHSFvT4pqMQ-ufSDXmVfdNRe1ZTbgbncvJR2_OeclbKCjUqyYaXYs-UNk-qGPxLQT8Qq9fg73SSlqGF4jI8TzbblXZIGnhcTsdCfMwFoAd3i9u_pEFHgFzVV1XdAR9bV1EnGOpTP5J5RXsZnWyLkQu8LxVB3uHJt_HvsAop9OGLcOJIVEYnfMVl4DO_ieJrspFDqlfm4n_t9JFMpJ13cPTBPSGKeLmdt9xtK6WLKjzvxC59i_xaovC14VJz3vNEZ__wXnGUpyjyJw

将/root/def-ns-admin.conf文件发送到宿主机，浏览器访问时选择Kubeconfig认证，载入该配置文件，点击登陆，即可实现访问，如图：

总结

部署dashboard的时候，官方的yaml文件内Deployment的image文件需要换成国内的源，（xiaobai20201 个人仓库）
官方的yaml文件内Service内spec.type要修改为NodePort。
认证时的账号必须为ServiceAccount：其作用是被dashboard pod拿来由kubenetes进行认证；认证方式有2种：

token：
1. 创建ServiceAccount，根据其管理目标，使用rolebinding或clusterbinding绑定至合理的role或clusterrole；
2. 获取此ServiceAccount的secret，查看secret的详细信息，其中就有token；
3. 复制token到认证页面即可登录。
kubeconfig：把ServiceAccount的token封装为kubeconfig文件

创建ServiceAccount，根据其管理目标，使用rolebinding或clusterbinding绑定至合理的role或clusterrole；
kubectl get secret |awk '/^ServiceAccount/{print $1}' KUBE_TOKEN=$(kubectl get secret SERVICEACCOUNT_SECRET_NAME -o jsonpath={.data.token} | base64 -d)
生成kubeconfig文件

kubectl config set-cluster
kubectl config set-credentials NAME --token=$KUBE_TOKEN
kubectl config set-context
kubectl config use-context

参考资料

https://www.cnblogs.com/linuxk
马永亮. Kubernetes进阶实战 (云计算与虚拟化技术丛书)
Kubernetes-handbook-jimmysong-20181218

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原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/wlbl/p/10694371.html