一) Spring 介绍、IOC控制反转思想与DI依赖注入

一。spring介绍
1.IOC反转控制思想（Inversion of Control）与DI依赖注入（Dependency Injection）
2.AOP面向切面的编程思想与动态代理
3.作用：项目的粘合剂，总管，使项目的维护性和扩展性更好

二。spring作为bean的管理容器使用步骤
1.pom.xml加入spring的依赖

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>spring</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <build>
        <sourceDirectory>src</sourceDirectory>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.5.1</version>
                <configuration>
                    <source>1.8</source>
                    <target>1.8</target>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
            <version>4.3.13.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>4.3.13.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

2.在src目录下创建beans.xml配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
         http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
         http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
         http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
         http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
         http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">

     <bean id="bt" class="com.bean.BeanTest"></bean> 

     <bean id="stuDAO" class="com.dao.StudentDAO"></bean> 
     <bean id="stuMysqlDAO" class="com.dao.StudentMysqlDAO"></bean> 

     <bean id="stuSer" class="com.service.StudentService"> 
         <property name="stuDAO"> 
             <ref bean="stuMysqlDAO" /> 
         </property> 
     </bean> 

     <bean id="stuControl" class="com.control.StudentControl"> 
         <property name="stuSer"> 
             <ref bean="stuSer" /> 
         </property> 
     </bean> 

</beans>

3.将java对象加入到配置文件中注册
　　<bean id="hello" class="com.bean.Hello"></bean>
4.在代码中获取容器，拿到bean对象，运行
　　// 初始化spring的容器
　　BeanFactory bf = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
　　// 从容器中拿到javabean
　　Hello h = (Hello) bf.getBean("hello");

三。ioc反转控制。依赖注入
1.set方法的注入
2.构造方法的注入

四。注解的方式完成注入
1.补充schema
2.打开注解开关
　　<!-- 打开spring的注解开关 -->
　　<context:annotation-config></context:annotation-config>
　　<!-- 告诉spring到哪些包下去扫描bean对象 -->
　　<context:component-scan base-package="com"></context:component-scan>
3.给类加注解
　　@comptent:表示注册为组件
　　@Repository:表示注册为DAO组件
　　@Service:表示注册为业务组件
　　@Controller:注册为控制器组件
4.注入的注解
　　@Autowired：写在属性上，表示自动按照类型注入
　　注意：
　　　　a。属性的类型必须是接口
　　　　b。如果一个接口有多个实现类， 通过@Qualifier("db2")指定实现类
附:spring注解可参考此链接 https://www.cnblogs.com/wlxslsb/p/10718402.html

实例：使用注解的形式来写一个Spring项目

　1.dao层  

IStudentDAO.java

package com.dao;

public interface IStudentDAO {
    public void saveStu();
}

StudentDAO.java

package com.dao;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

//@Component("oracle")
@Repository("oracle")
public class StudentDAO implements IStudentDAO{
    @Override
    public void saveStu() {
        System.out.println("使用oracle数据库");
        System.out.println("正在保存学员对象");
    }

}

StudentMysqlDAO.java

package com.dao;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component("mysql")
public class StudentMysqlDAO implements IStudentDAO{

    @Override
    public void saveStu() {
        System.out.println("正在使用mysql数据库");
        System.out.println("保存学员对象");
    }

}

　 2.Service层

IStudentService.java

package com.service;

public interface IStudentService {
    public void addStudent();
}

StudentService.java

package com.service;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import com.dao.IStudentDAO;
import com.dao.StudentDAO;
//@Component
@Service
public class StudentService implements IStudentService{
//    IStudentDAO stuDAO = new StudentDAO();
    @Autowired
    @Qualifier("mysql")//当借口有多个实现类时，必须指明注入哪个实现类
    IStudentDAO stuDAO;
    
    public void setStuDAO(IStudentDAO stuDAO) {
        this.stuDAO = stuDAO;
    }

    @Override
    public void addStudent() {
        System.out.println("拿到数据");
        System.out.println("调用dao保存数据");
        stuDAO.saveStu();
    }

}

3.Control层

StudentControl.java

package com.control;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;

import com.service.IStudentService;
//@Component("sc")
@Controller
public class StudentControl {
    @Autowired
    IStudentService stuSer;

    public void setStuSer(IStudentService stuSer) {
        this.stuSer = stuSer;
    }
    
    public String execute(){
        System.out.println("接收页面参数");
        System.out.println("调用业务层");
        stuSer.addStudent();
        return "success";
    }
}

4.配置文件

　　beans.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
         http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
         http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
         http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
         http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
         http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">
    <!--     打开spring的注解功能 -->
    <context:annotation-config></context:annotation-config>
    <!-- 告诉spring到哪些包下去扫描bean对象 -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com"></context:component-scan>

</beans>

5.测试代码

RunTest.java

package com.bean;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanFactory;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import com.control.StudentControl;
import com.service.IStudentService;

public class RunTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //根据beans.xml去构造出bean工厂，就是spring的容器
        BeanFactory bf = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
        
        StudentControl sc = (StudentControl) bf.getBean("sc");
        sc.execute();
    }
}