mysql的binlog操作
开启binlog后，数据库的执行操作都会被记录到日志中，方便出差错时，及时回滚。
1、开启binlog
找到my.ini文件，在[mysqld]后面增加如下两行：
log-bin=mysql-bin
binlog-format=Row
重启mysql数据库
2、检查binlog开启状态：
mysql> show variables like 'log_%';
+----------------------------------------+---------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +----------------------------------------+---------------+ | log_bin | OFF | | log_bin_basename | | | log_bin_index | | | log_bin_trust_function_creators | OFF | | log_bin_use_v1_row_events | OFF | | log_builtin_as_identified_by_password | OFF | | log_error | .MONSTER.err | | log_error_verbosity | 3 | | log_output | FILE | | log_queries_not_using_indexes | OFF | | log_slave_updates | OFF | | log_slow_admin_statements | OFF | | log_slow_slave_statements | OFF | | log_statements_unsafe_for_binlog | ON | | log_syslog | ON | | log_syslog_tag | | | log_throttle_queries_not_using_indexes | 0 | | log_timestamps | UTC | | log_warnings | 2 | +----------------------------------------+---------------+
如果log_bin显示为ON，则代表已开启。
3、查看当前正在写入的binlog文件
mysql> show master status; +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | mysql-bin.000001 | 1357 | | | | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
4、查看当前所有的binlog文件
修改或删除一条表记录后，观察日志
运行以下语句可以查看当前记录的日志名称，及日志大小，你会发现每当有修改或删除操作时，日志大小都会增加。
mysql> show binary logs; +------------------+-----------+ | Log_name | File_size | +------------------+-----------+ | mysql-bin.000001 | 1357 | +------------------+-----------+
5、只查看第一个binlog文件的内容 和查看指定binlog文件的内容
mysql> show binlog events;
+------------------+------+----------------+-----------+-------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Log_name | Pos | Event_type | Server_id | End_log_pos | Info | +------------------+------+----------------+-----------+-------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | mysql-bin.000001 | 4 | Format_desc | 1 | 123 | Server ver: 5.7.28-log, Binlog ver: 4 | | mysql-bin.000001 | 123 | Previous_gtids | 1 | 154 | | | mysql-bin.000001 | 154 | Anonymous_Gtid | 1 | 219 | SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'ANONYMOUS' | | mysql-bin.000001 | 219 | Query | 1 | 344 | use `test`; CREATE TABLE `test2` ( `1` int(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' ) | | mysql-bin.000001 | 344 | Anonymous_Gtid | 1 | 409 | SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'ANONYMOUS' | | mysql-bin.000001 | 409 | Query | 1 | 481 | BEGIN | | mysql-bin.000001 | 481 | Table_map | 1 | 529 | table_id: 109 (test.test2) | | mysql-bin.000001 | 529 | Write_rows | 1 | 569 | table_id: 109 flags: STMT_END_F | | mysql-bin.000001 | 569 | Xid | 1 | 600 | COMMIT /* xid=11 */ | | mysql-bin.000001 | 600 | Anonymous_Gtid | 1 | 665 | SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'ANONYMOUS' | | mysql-bin.000001 | 665 | Query | 1 | 825 | use `test`; CREATE TABLE `test3` ( `a` int(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0', `b` int(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' ) | | mysql-bin.000001 | 825 | Anonymous_Gtid | 1 | 890 | SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'ANONYMOUS' | | mysql-bin.000001 | 890 | Query | 1 | 962 | BEGIN | | mysql-bin.000001 | 962 | Table_map | 1 | 1011 | table_id: 110 (test.test3) | | mysql-bin.000001 | 1011 | Write_rows | 1 | 1055 | table_id: 110 flags: STMT_END_F | | mysql-bin.000001 | 1055 | Xid | 1 | 1086 | COMMIT /* xid=14 */ | | mysql-bin.000001 | 1086 | Anonymous_Gtid | 1 | 1151 | SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'ANONYMOUS' | | mysql-bin.000001 | 1151 | Query | 1 | 1223 | BEGIN | | mysql-bin.000001 | 1223 | Table_map | 1 | 1272 | table_id: 110 (test.test3) | | mysql-bin.000001 | 1272 | Update_rows | 1 | 1326 | table_id: 110 flags: STMT_END_F | | mysql-bin.000001 | 1326 | Xid | 1 | 1357 | COMMIT /* xid=20 */ | +------------------+------+----------------+-----------+-------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 21 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show binlog events in 'mysql-bin.000001';
使用mysqlbinlog查看二进制日志
(一)mysqlbinlog工具介绍
binlog类型是二进制的，也就意味着我们没法直接打开看，MySQL提供了mysqlbinlog来查看二进制日志，该工具类似于Oracle的logminer。mysqlbinlog用法为
其中，常用的option选项如下：
| option | 作用 |
| -d , --database=name | 只列出指定数据库的操作 |
| -o , --offset = n | 忽略日志前n行 |
| -r , --result-file=name | 将输出的文本格式日志保存到文件 |
| -v -vv |
-v ：从binlog中重建sql语句 -vv：显示的SQL语句增加了注释，可以理解为-v的增强 |
| --start-datetime=datetime --stop-datetime=datetime |
指定日期间隔内的所有日志 |
| --start-position=position --stop-position=position |
指定位置间隔内的所有日志 |
(二)mysqlbinlog使用例子
（1）提取指定的binlog日志
mysqlbinlog /home/mysql/data/ins3308/binlog.000001
(2)提取指定position位置的binlog日志
mysqlbinlog --start-position=120 --stop-position=332 binlog.000001
(3)提取指定position位置的binlog日志并输出到压缩文件
mysqlbinlog --start-position=120 --stop-position=332 binlog.000001 |gzip >extra_01.sql.gz
(4)提取指定position位置的binlog日志导入数据库
mysqlbinlog --start-position=120 --stop-position=332 binlog.000001| mysql -uroot -p
(5)提取指定开始时间的binlog并输出到日志文件
mysqlbinlog --start-datetime="2017-08-14 10:00:00" binlog.000001--result-file=extra02.sql
(6)提取指定位置的多个binlog日志文件
mysqlbinlog --start-position=120 --stop-position=332 binlog.000001 binlog.000002|more
(7)提取指定数据库binlog并转换字符集到UTF8
mysqlbinlog --database=test --set-charset=utf8 binlog.000001 binlog.000002 >test.sql
(8)远程提取日志，指定结束时间
mysqlbinlog -uroot -p -h192.168.10.02 -P3306 --stop-datetime="2017-08-14 10:00:00" --read-from-remote-server binlog.000001 |more
(9)远程提取使用row格式的binlog日志并输出到本地文件
mysqlbinlog -uroot -p -P3308 -h192.168.10.02 --read-from-remote-server -vv binlog.000001 >row.sql
案例：
mysqlbinlog --base64-output=decode-rows -vv .mysql-bin.000001 /*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=1*/; /*!50003 SET @OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE=@@COMPLETION_TYPE,COMPLETION_TYPE=0*/; DELIMITER /*!*/; # at 4 #201224 13:55:03 server id 1 end_log_pos 123 CRC32 0x7277df22 Start: binlog v 4, server v 5.7.28-log created 201224 13:55:03 at startup # Warning: this binlog is either in use or was not closed properly. ROLLBACK/*!*/; # at 123 #201224 13:55:03 server id 1 end_log_pos 154 CRC32 0xb076cda3 Previous-GTIDs # [empty] # at 154 #201224 14:07:05 server id 1 end_log_pos 219 CRC32 0x940c4fcf Anonymous_GTID last_committed=0 sequence_number=1 rbr_only=no SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'ANONYMOUS'/*!*/; # at 219 #201224 14:07:05 server id 1 end_log_pos 344 CRC32 0x52b87213 Query thread_id=3 exec_time=0 error_code=0 use `test`/*!*/; SET TIMESTAMP=1608790025/*!*/; SET @@session.pseudo_thread_id=3/*!*/; SET @@session.foreign_key_checks=1, @@session.sql_auto_is_null=0, @@session.unique_checks=1, @@session.autocommit=1/*!*/; SET @@session.sql_mode=1344274432/*!*/; SET @@session.auto_increment_increment=1, @@session.auto_increment_offset=1/*!*/; /*!C gbk *//*!*/; SET @@session.character_set_client=28,@@session.collation_connection=28,@@session.collation_server=8/*!*/; SET @@session.lc_time_names=0/*!*/; SET @@session.collation_database=DEFAULT/*!*/; CREATE TABLE `test2` ( `1` int(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' ) /*!*/; # at 344 #201224 14:07:05 server id 1 end_log_pos 409 CRC32 0x6b4a8cc7 Anonymous_GTID last_committed=1 sequence_number=2 rbr_only=yes /*!50718 SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED*//*!*/; SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'ANONYMOUS'/*!*/; # at 409 #201224 14:07:05 server id 1 end_log_pos 481 CRC32 0x222ab41e Query thread_id=3 exec_time=0 error_code=0 SET TIMESTAMP=1608790025/*!*/; BEGIN /*!*/; # at 481 #201224 14:07:05 server id 1 end_log_pos 529 CRC32 0xec90b509 Table_map: `test`.`test2` mapped to number 109 # at 529 #201224 14:07:05 server id 1 end_log_pos 569 CRC32 0xf08256ae Write_rows: table id 109 flags: STMT_END_F ### INSERT INTO `test`.`test2` ### SET ### @1=1 /* INT meta=0 nullable=0 is_null=0 */ # at 569 #201224 14:07:05 server id 1 end_log_pos 600 CRC32 0x932732d7 Xid = 11 COMMIT/*!*/; # at 600 #201224 14:11:42 server id 1 end_log_pos 665 CRC32 0x454a006d Anonymous_GTID last_committed=2 sequence_number=3 rbr_only=no SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'ANONYMOUS'/*!*/; # at 665 #201224 14:11:42 server id 1 end_log_pos 825 CRC32 0xc75a0c24 Query thread_id=3 exec_time=0 error_code=0 SET TIMESTAMP=1608790302/*!*/; CREATE TABLE `test3` ( `a` int(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0', `b` int(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' ) /*!*/; # at 825 #201224 14:11:42 server id 1 end_log_pos 890 CRC32 0x010aa555 Anonymous_GTID last_committed=3 sequence_number=4 rbr_only=yes /*!50718 SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED*//*!*/; SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'ANONYMOUS'/*!*/; # at 890 #201224 14:11:42 server id 1 end_log_pos 962 CRC32 0x54d9f256 Query thread_id=3 exec_time=0 error_code=0 SET TIMESTAMP=1608790302/*!*/; BEGIN /*!*/; # at 962 #201224 14:11:42 server id 1 end_log_pos 1011 CRC32 0x735e8b7c Table_map: `test`.`test3` mapped to number 110 # at 1011 #201224 14:11:42 server id 1 end_log_pos 1055 CRC32 0x60ddce64 Write_rows: table id 110 flags: STMT_END_F ### INSERT INTO `test`.`test3` ### SET ### @1=1 /* INT meta=0 nullable=0 is_null=0 */ ### @2=1 /* INT meta=0 nullable=0 is_null=0 */ # at 1055 #201224 14:11:42 server id 1 end_log_pos 1086 CRC32 0x64816cb5 Xid = 14 COMMIT/*!*/; # at 1086 #201224 14:13:33 server id 1 end_log_pos 1151 CRC32 0x81a76dba Anonymous_GTID last_committed=4 sequence_number=5 rbr_only=yes /*!50718 SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED*//*!*/; SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'ANONYMOUS'/*!*/; # at 1151 #201224 14:13:33 server id 1 end_log_pos 1223 CRC32 0xf626162b Query thread_id=3 exec_time=0 error_code=0 SET TIMESTAMP=1608790413/*!*/; BEGIN /*!*/; # at 1223 #201224 14:13:33 server id 1 end_log_pos 1272 CRC32 0x62f1ec4a Table_map: `test`.`test3` mapped to number 110 # at 1272 #201224 14:13:33 server id 1 end_log_pos 1326 CRC32 0xd84d3f41 Update_rows: table id 110 flags: STMT_END_F ### UPDATE `test`.`test3` ### WHERE ### @1=1 /* INT meta=0 nullable=0 is_null=0 */ ### @2=1 /* INT meta=0 nullable=0 is_null=0 */ ### SET ### @1=1 /* INT meta=0 nullable=0 is_null=0 */ ### @2=2 /* INT meta=0 nullable=0 is_null=0 */ # at 1326 #201224 14:13:33 server id 1 end_log_pos 1357 CRC32 0xb1b4d8b0 Xid = 20 COMMIT/*!*/; SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'AUTOMATIC' /* added by mysqlbinlog */ /*!*/; DELIMITER ; # End of log file /*!50003 SET COMPLETION_TYPE=@OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE*/; /*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=0*/;