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  • ORM大结局

      1.添加记录:

        # 一对多的添加方式:
        #pub_obj=Publish.objects.filter(name="橙子出版社").first()
    
        # book=Book.objects.create(
        #     title="python",
        #     price=120,
        #     pub_date="2012-12-12",
        #     publish_id=1,
        #     #publish=pub_obj
        #
        # )
    
        # 多对多的添加方式:
    
        # 方式1
        # alex=Author.objects.filter(name="alex").first()
        # egon=Author.objects.filter(name="egon").first()
        # book.authors.add(alex,egon)
        # 方式2:
        # book.authors.add(1,2)
        # 方式3:
        # book.authors.add(*[1,2])
    View Code

      2.解除在绑定

        ###### 解除再绑定
        book = Book.objects.filter(nid=3).first()
        book.authors.clear()
        book.authors.add(1)
    
        book.authors.set(1)
    View Code

      3.基于对象的跨表查询

    ######################### 基于对象的跨表查询 #############################
        ####### 一对多 ##########
        '''
        正向查询:关联属性所在的表查询关联表记录
        反向查询
    
            ----正向查询按字段:book.publish
        Book------------------------------------>Publish
             <-----------------------------------
              反向查询表名小写_set.all():pub_obj.book_set.all()
    
        '''
    
    
    
        # 1 查询python这本书出版社的名字和邮箱
        # book=Book.objects.filter(title="python").first()
        # pub_obj=Publish.objects.filter(nid=book.publish_id).first()
        # print(pub_obj.name)
        # print(pub_obj.email)
        ########################
        # book = Book.objects.filter(title="python").first()
        # print(book.publish) #  与book这本书关联出版社对象
        # print(book.publish.name) #  与book这本书关联出版社对象
        # print(book.publish.email) #  与book这本书关联出版社对象
    
        # 2 查询苹果出版社出版的所有的书籍的名称
        # pub_obj=Publish.objects.get(name="苹果出版社")
        # print(pub_obj.book_set.all())  # queryset
        # print(pub_obj.book_set.all().values("title"))  # queryset
    
        ####### 多对多 ##########
        '''
                    正向查询按字段 book.authors.all()
           Book  -------------------------------------->Author
                 <--------------------------------------
                    反向查询按表名小写_set.all(): alex.book_set.all()
        '''
    
        # 查询python这本书籍的作者的年龄
        book=Book.objects.filter(title="python").first()
        ret=book.authors.all().values("age") # 与这本书关联的左右作者的queryset的集合
        print(ret)
        # #查询alex出版过的所有的书籍名称
        # alex=Author.objects.filter(name="alex").first()
        # print(alex.book_set.all())
        ####### 一对一 ##########
        '''
                         正常查询安字段:alex.ad
            Author -----------------------------------------> AuthorDetail
                   <------------------------------------------
                         反向查询按表名小写  ad.author
        '''
        # 查询alex的手机号
        # alex = Author.objects.filter(name="alex").first()
        # print(alex.ad.tel)
        # # 查询手机号为110的作者的名字
        # ad=AuthorDetail.objects.filter(tel=110).first()
        # print(ad.author.name)
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      4.基于双下划线的跨表查询

     ################基于双下划线的跨表查询(基于join实现的)################
    
        # KEY:正向查询按字段,反向查询按表明小写
    
    
        # 1 查询python这本书出版社的名字
    
        # ret=Book.objects.filter(title="python").values("price")
        # ret=Book.objects.filter(title="python").values("publish__name")
        # print(ret)
        # ret=Publish.objects.filter(book__title="python").values("name")
        # print(ret)
    
        # 2 查询苹果出版社出版的所有的书籍的名称
        # ret=Publish.objects.filter(name="苹果出版社").values("book__title")
        # ret=Book.objects.filter(publish__name="苹果出版社")
    
    
        # 3 查询python这本书籍的作者的年龄
    
        # ret=Book.objects.filter(title="python").values("authors__age")
        # print(ret)
        # ret=Author.objects.filter(book__title="python").values("age")
        #
        # # 4 查询alex出版过的所有的书籍名称
        # ret1=Book.objects.filter(authors__name="alex").values("title")
        # ret2=Author.objects.filter(name="alex").values("book__title")
        # print(ret1,ret2)
    
        # 5 查询alex的手机号
    
        # ret=Author.objects.filter(name="alex").values("ad__tel")
        # ret=AuthorDetail.objects.filter(author__name="alex").values("tel")
    
        # 6 查询手机号为110的作者的名字
    
        # ret=AuthorDetail.objects.filter(tel=110).values("author__name")
        # ret=Author.objects.filter(ad__tel=110).values("name")
    
        ########### 连续跨表  ###############
    
        # 查询苹果出版社出版过的所有书籍的名字以及作者的姓名
    
        # ret=Publish.objects.filter(name="苹果出版社").values("book__title","book__authors__name")
        # ret=Book.objects.filter(publish__name="苹果出版社").values("title","authors__name")
        # ret=Book.objects.filter(publish__name="苹果出版社").values("title","authors__name")
        # print(ret)
    
        # 手机号以110开头的作者出版过的所有书籍名称以及出版社名称
        # 方式1:
        # ret=Author.objects.filter(ad__tel__startswith=110).values_list("book__title","book__publish__name")
        # print(ret)
    
        # 方式2:
        # ret=AuthorDetail.objects.filter(tel__startswith=110).values("author__book__title","author__book__publish__name")
        #
        # # 方式3:
        # ret=Book.objects.filter(authors__ad__tel__startswith=110).values("title","publish__name")
    
        ################ 聚合 分组 ################
    
        '''
        emp
           id  name    dep      pro  salary
            1  alex   教学部   山东    1000
            2  mjj    教学部   山东    3000
            3  林海峰 保安部    山东   5000
            4  peiqi  人事部   河北   10000
    
            select Count(id) from emp;
            select AVG(salary) from emp;
    
            select dep,AVG(salary) from emp group by dep
            select pro,Count(1) from emp group by pro
    
    
        '''
        # 聚合
        # 查询所有书籍的平均价格
        from django.db.models import Avg,Max,Sum,Min,Count
        # ret=Book.objects.all().aggregate(priceAvg=Avg("price"))
        # print(ret) # {'priceAvg': 142.0}
        # # 查询所有书籍的个数
        # ret=Book.objects.all().aggregate(c=Count(1))
        # print(ret) # {'c': 4}
    
    
        # 分组
    
        # 单表分组查询
    
        # 查询书籍表每一个出版社id以及对应的书籍个数
        # key: annotate()前values哪一个字段就按哪一个字段group by
        # ret=Book.objects.values("publish_id").annotate(c=Count(1))
        # print(ret)
        #
        # # 查询每一个部门的名称以及对应员工的平均薪水
        # ret=Emp.objects.values("dep").annotate(avg_salary=Avg("salary"))
        # print(ret) # [{'dep': '教学部', 'avg_salary': 2500.0}, {'dep': '保洁部', 'avg_salary': 3500.0}, {'dep': '保安部', 'avg_salary': 4000.0}]>
        #
        # # 查询每一个省份的名称以及对应的员工最大年龄
        #
        # ret=Emp.objects.values("pro").annotate(max_age=Max("age"))
        # print(ret) # <QuerySet [{'pro': '山东省', 'max_age': 123}, {'pro': '河南省', 'max_age': 23}, {'pro': '河北省', 'max_age': 56}]>
    
    
        # 单表按主键分组没有意义
        # Emp.objects.values("id").annotate()
    
        # 跨表分组查询
        # '''
        # select app01_publish.name,COUNT(1) from app01_book INNER JOIN app01_publish ON app01_book.publish_id=app01_publish.nid
        #
        #                          GROUP BY app01_publish.nid
        # '''
    
        # 1 查询每一个出版社的名称以及对应的书籍平均价格
        # 方式1:
        # ret=Publish.objects.values("name","email").annotate(avg_price=Avg("book__price"))
        # print(ret) # <QuerySet [{'name': '苹果出版社', 'avg_price': 117.0}, {'name': '橙子出版社', 'avg_price': 112.0}, {'name': '西瓜出版社', 'avg_price': 222.0}]>
        # 方式2:
        # ret=Publish.objects.all().annotate(avg_price=Avg("book__price")).values("name","email","avg_price")
        # print(ret) # <QuerySet [<Publish: 苹果出版社>, <Publish: 橙子出版社>, <Publish: 西瓜出版社>]>
        # 方式3:
        # ret=Publish.objects.annotate(avg_price=Avg("book__price")).values("name","email","avg_price")
        # print(ret) # <QuerySet [<Publish: 苹果出版社>, <Publish: 橙子出版社>, <Publish: 西瓜出版社>]>
        # 2 查询每一个作者的名字以及出版的书籍的最高价格
    
        # ret=Author.objects.values("pk","name").annotate(max_price=Max("book__price"))
        # print(ret)
    
        # ret=Author.objects.annotate(maxprice=Max("book__price")).values("name","maxprice")
        # print(ret)
    
        # 3 查询每一个书籍的名称以及对应的作者的个数
        # ret=Book.objects.values("title").annotate(c=Count("authors"))
        # print(ret) # <QuerySet [{'title': 'python', 'authors__count': 2}, {'title': 'linux', 'authors__count': 1}, {'title': 'go', 'authors__count': 1}, {'title': 'java', 'authors__count': 0}]>
    
        # ret=Book.objects.annotate(c=Count("authors")).values("title","c")
        # print(ret)
    
        # 4 查询作者数不止一个的书籍名称以及作者个数
        # ret=Book.objects.annotate(c=Count("authors__name")).filter(c__gt=1).values("title","c")
        # print(ret)
    
        # 5 根据一本图书作者数量的多少对查询集 QuerySet进行排序
        # ret=Book.objects.annotate(c=Count("authors__name")).order_by("c")
    
        # 6 统计每一本以py开头的书籍的名称以及作者个数
    
        # ret=Book.objects.filter(title__startswith="py").annotate(c=Count("authors__name"))
    View Code

      5.FQ查询

    ################ F 与 Q ################
        from django.db.models import F,Q
    
        # # 查询评论数大于100的所有的书籍名称
        # ret=Book.objects.filter(comment_count__gt=100).values("title")
        # # 查询评论数大于2倍点赞数的所有的书籍名称
        # ret=Book.objects.filter(comment_count__gt=F("poll_count")*2)
        # print(ret)
    
        # 给每一本书籍的价格提升100
        # Book.objects.all().update(price=100+F("price"))
    
        # 查询价格大于300或者评论数大于3000的书籍
        # ret=Book.objects.filter(price__gt=300,comment_count__gt=3000)
        # print(ret)
    
        # 与 &    或 |   非 ~
        # ret = Book.objects.filter(Q(price__gt=300)|~Q(comment_count__gt=3000))
        # print(ret)
        ret = Book.objects.filter(Q(Q(price__gt=300) | ~Q(comment_count__gt=3000))&Q(poll_count__gt=2000))
        ret = Book.objects.filter(Q(Q(price__gt=300) | ~Q(comment_count__gt=3000)),poll_count__gt=2000)
        #ret = Book.objects.filter(poll_count__gt=2000,Q(Q(price__gt=300) | ~Q(comment_count__gt=3000)))
        print(ret)
    View Code
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/wqzn/p/10148452.html
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