http://www.truecrypt.org/docs/
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Introduction
The documentation is not guaranteed to contain no errors and is provided without warranty of any kind. For more information, please see Disclaimer.
TrueCrypt is a software system for establishing and maintaining an on-the-fly-encrypted volume (data storage device). On-the-fly encryption means that data is automatically encrypted right before it is saved and decrypted right after it is loaded, without any user intervention. No data stored on an encrypted volume can be read (decrypted) without using the correct password/keyfile(s) or correct encryption keys. Entire file system is encrypted (e.g., file names, folder names, contents of every file, free space, meta data, etc).
Files can be copied to and from a mounted TrueCrypt volume just like they are copied to/from any normal disk (for example, by simple drag-and-drop operations). Files are automatically being decrypted on the fly (in memory/RAM) while they are being read or copied from an encrypted TrueCrypt volume. Similarly, files that are being written or copied to the TrueCrypt volume are automatically being encrypted on the fly (right before they are written to the disk) in RAM. Note that this does not mean that the whole file that is to be encrypted/decrypted must be stored in RAM before it can be encrypted/decrypted. There are no extra memory (RAM) requirements for TrueCrypt. For an illustration of how this is accomplished, see the following paragraph.
Let's suppose that there is an .avi video file stored on a TrueCrypt
volume (therefore, the video file is entirely encrypted). The user
provides the correct password (and/or keyfile) and mounts (opens) the
TrueCrypt volume. When the user double clicks the icon of the video
file, the operating system launches the application associated with the
file type – typically a media player. The media player then begins
loading a small
initial
portion of the video file from the TrueCrypt-encrypted volume to RAM
(memory) in order to play it. While the portion is being loaded,
TrueCrypt is automatically decrypting it (in RAM). The decrypted portion
of the video (stored in RAM) is then played by the media player. While
this portion is being played, the media player begins loading another
small portion of the video file from the TrueCrypt-encrypted volume to
RAM (memory) and the process repeats. This process is called on-the-fly
encryption/decryption and it works for all file types (not only for
video files).
Note that TrueCrypt never saves any decrypted data to a disk – it only stores them temporarily in RAM (memory). Even when the volume is mounted, data stored in the volume is still encrypted. When you restart Windows or turn off your computer, the volume will be dismounted and files stored in it will be inaccessible (and encrypted). Even when power supply is suddenly interrupted (without proper system shut down), files stored in the volume are inaccessible (and encrypted). To make them accessible again, you have to mount the volume (and provide the correct password and/or keyfile).
For a quick start guide, please see the chapter Beginner's Tutorial.