１．安装MongoDB社区版
# 1. 导入MongoDB public GPG Key
sudo apt-key adv --keyserver hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:80 --recv 2930ADAE8CAF5059EE73BB4B58712A2291FA4AD5
# 2. 添加软件源
echo "deb [ arch=amd64,arm64 ] https://repo.mongodb.org/apt/ubuntu xenial/mongodb-org/3.6 multiverse" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mongodb-org-3.6.list
# 3. 更新本地软件包
sudo apt-get update
# 4. 安装MongoDB
sudo apt-get install -y mongodb-org
根据教程，本地Ubuntu 16.04系统安装的是mongodb3.6，安装的时候提示如下，会安装下面相关几个软件包：
Get:1 https://repo.mongodb.org/apt/ubuntu xenial/mongodb-org/3.6/multiverse amd64 mongodb-org-shell amd64 3.6.0 [8,477 kB]
Get:2 https://repo.mongodb.org/apt/ubuntu xenial/mongodb-org/3.6/multiverse amd64 mongodb-org-server amd64 3.6.0 [14.9 MB]
Get:3 https://repo.mongodb.org/apt/ubuntu xenial/mongodb-org/3.6/multiverse amd64 mongodb-org-mongos amd64 3.6.0 [8,468 kB]
Get:4 https://repo.mongodb.org/apt/ubuntu xenial/mongodb-org/3.6/multiverse amd64 mongodb-org-tools amd64 3.6.0 [34.9 MB]
Get:5 https://repo.mongodb.org/apt/ubuntu xenial/mongodb-org/3.6/multiverse amd64 mongodb-org amd64 3.6.0 [3,524 B]
２．MongoDB的运行
查看mongod的配置文件，可以看到它默认的数据存储路径、log文件路径、IP接口等并根据需要修改：
$ sudo vim /etc/mongod.conf
# mongod.conf
# for documentation of all options, see:
# http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/configuration-options/
# Where and how to store data.
storage:
dbPath: /var/lib/mongodb
journal:
enabled: true
# engine:
# mmapv1:
# wiredTiger:
# where to write logging data.
systemLog:
destination: file
logAppend: true
path: /var/log/mongodb/mongod.log
# network interfaces
net:
port: 27017
bindIp: 127.0.0.1
# how the process runs
processManagement:
timeZoneInfo: /usr/share/zoneinfo
#security:
#operationProfiling:
#replication:
#sharding:
## Enterprise-Only Options:
#auditLog:
#snmp:
# 1. 启动MongoDB
sudo service mongod start
# 2. 验证MongoDB是否启动成功（在/var/log/mongodb/mongod.log文件中看到下面这一行就表示启动成功）
[initandlisten] waiting for connections on port 27017
# 3. 停止MongoDB进程
sudo service mongod stop
# 4. 重启MongoDB
sudo service mongod restart
# 5. 查看MongoDB运行状态
sudo service mongod status
３．MongoDB的使用
# 查看版本
$ mongod --version
db version v3.6.0
git version: a57d8e71e6998a2d0afde7edc11bd23e5661c915
OpenSSL version: OpenSSL 1.0.2g 1 Mar 2016
allocator: tcmalloc
modules: none
build environment:
distmod: ubuntu1604
distarch: x86_64
target_arch: x86_64
# 查看帮助信息
$ mongod --help
Options:
General options:
-h [ --help ] show this usage information
--version show version information
-f [ --config ] arg configuration file specifying
additional options
-v [ --verbose ] [=arg(=v)] be more verbose (include multiple times
for more verbosity e.g. -vvvvv)
--quiet quieter output
--port arg specify port number - 27017 by default
--bind_ip arg comma separated list of ip addresses to
listen on - localhost by default
--bind_ip_all bind to all ip addresses
--ipv6 enable IPv6 support (disabled by
default)
--listenBacklog arg (=128) set socket listen backlog size
--maxConns arg max number of simultaneous connections
- 1000000 by default
--logpath arg log file to send write to instead of
stdout - has to be a file, not
directory
--syslog log to system's syslog facility instead
of file or stdout
--syslogFacility arg syslog facility used for mongodb syslog
message
--logappend append to logpath instead of
over-writing
--logRotate arg set the log rotation behavior
(rename|reopen)
--timeStampFormat arg Desired format for timestamps in log
messages. One of ctime, iso8601-utc or
iso8601-local
--pidfilepath arg full path to pidfile (if not set, no
pidfile is created)
--timeZoneInfo arg full path to time zone info directory,
e.g. /usr/share/zoneinfo
--keyFile arg private key for cluster authentication
--noauth run without security
--setParameter arg Set a configurable parameter
--transitionToAuth For rolling access control upgrade.
Attempt to authenticate over outgoing
connections and proceed regardless of
success. Accept incoming connections
with or without authentication.
--clusterAuthMode arg Authentication mode used for cluster
authentication. Alternatives are
(keyFile|sendKeyFile|sendX509|x509)
--nounixsocket disable listening on unix sockets
--unixSocketPrefix arg alternative directory for UNIX domain
sockets (defaults to /tmp)
--filePermissions arg permissions to set on UNIX domain
socket file - 0700 by default
--fork fork server process
--networkMessageCompressors [=arg(=disabled)] (=snappy)
Comma-separated list of compressors to
use for network messages
--auth run with security
--clusterIpSourceWhitelist arg Network CIDR specification of permitted
origin for `__system` access.
--slowms arg (=100) value of slow for profile and console
log
--slowOpSampleRate arg (=1) fraction of slow ops to include in the
profile and console log
--profile arg 0=off 1=slow, 2=all
--cpu periodically show cpu and iowait
utilization
--sysinfo print some diagnostic system
information
--noIndexBuildRetry don't retry any index builds that were
interrupted by shutdown
--noscripting disable scripting engine
--notablescan do not allow table scans
--shutdown kill a running server (for init
scripts)
Replication options:
--oplogSize arg size to use (in MB) for replication op
log. default is 5% of disk space (i.e.
large is good)
Master/slave options (old; use replica sets instead):
--master master mode
--slave slave mode
--source arg when slave: specify master as
<server:port>
--only arg when slave: specify a single database
to replicate
--slavedelay arg specify delay (in seconds) to be used
when applying master ops to slave
--autoresync automatically resync if slave data is
stale
Replica set options:
--replSet arg arg is <setname>[/<optionalseedhostlist
>]
--replIndexPrefetch arg specify index prefetching behavior (if
secondary) [none|_id_only|all]
--enableMajorityReadConcern [=arg(=1)] (=1)
enables majority readConcern
Sharding options:
--configsvr declare this is a config db of a
cluster; default port 27019; default
dir /data/configdb
--shardsvr declare this is a shard db of a
cluster; default port 27018
SSL options:
--sslOnNormalPorts use ssl on configured ports
--sslMode arg set the SSL operation mode
(disabled|allowSSL|preferSSL|requireSSL
)
--sslPEMKeyFile arg PEM file for ssl
--sslPEMKeyPassword arg PEM file password
--sslClusterFile arg Key file for internal SSL
authentication
--sslClusterPassword arg Internal authentication key file
password
--sslCAFile arg Certificate Authority file for SSL
--sslCRLFile arg Certificate Revocation List file for
SSL
--sslDisabledProtocols arg Comma separated list of TLS protocols
to disable [TLS1_0,TLS1_1,TLS1_2]
--sslWeakCertificateValidation allow client to connect without
presenting a certificate
--sslAllowConnectionsWithoutCertificates
allow client to connect without
presenting a certificate
--sslAllowInvalidHostnames Allow server certificates to provide
non-matching hostnames
--sslAllowInvalidCertificates allow connections to servers with
invalid certificates
--sslFIPSMode activate FIPS 140-2 mode at startup
Storage options:
--storageEngine arg what storage engine to use - defaults
to wiredTiger if no data files present
--dbpath arg directory for datafiles - defaults to
/data/db
--directoryperdb each database will be stored in a
separate directory
--noprealloc disable data file preallocation - will
often hurt performance
--nssize arg (=16) .ns file size (in MB) for new databases
--quota limits each database to a certain
number of files (8 default)
--quotaFiles arg number of files allowed per db, implies
--quota
--smallfiles use a smaller default file size
--syncdelay arg (=60) seconds between disk syncs (0=never,
but not recommended)
--upgrade upgrade db if needed
--repair run repair on all dbs
--repairpath arg root directory for repair files -
defaults to dbpath
--journal enable journaling
--nojournal disable journaling (journaling is on by
default for 64 bit)
--journalOptions arg journal diagnostic options
--journalCommitInterval arg how often to group/batch commit (ms)
WiredTiger options:
--wiredTigerCacheSizeGB arg maximum amount of memory to allocate
for cache; defaults to 1/2 of physical
RAM
--wiredTigerJournalCompressor arg (=snappy)
use a compressor for log records
[none|snappy|zlib]
--wiredTigerDirectoryForIndexes Put indexes and data in different
directories
--wiredTigerCollectionBlockCompressor arg (=snappy)
block compression algorithm for
collection data [none|snappy|zlib]
--wiredTigerIndexPrefixCompression arg (=1)
use prefix compression on row-store
leaf pages
数据库操作：
$ mongo # 进入shell
MongoDB shell version v3.6.0
connecting to: mongodb://127.0.0.1:27017
MongoDB server version: 3.6.0
Welcome to the MongoDB shell.
For interactive help, type "help".
For more comprehensive documentation, see
http://docs.mongodb.org/
Questions? Try the support group
http://groups.google.com/group/mongodb-user
> show dbs; # 查看数据库列表
admin 0.000GB
config 0.000GB
local 0.000GB
>
其它的数据增删改查等数据库操作有待更新补充。
参考：