java基础11（IO流）-字符流

转换流

由于字节流操作中文不是特别方便，所以java中提供了转换流

编码表：由现实世界的字符和对应的数值组成的一张表

编码：把看得懂的变成看不懂的(String-------byte[])

解码：把看不懂的变成看得懂的(byte[]-------String)

• String-----bytes[]

import java.util.Arrays;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
public class StringDemo{
	public static void main(String[] args)throws UnsupportedEncodingException{
		String s = "你好";
		
		//String-----bytes[]
/*
		byte[] bys = s.getBytes();//将字符串转换成字节数组
		System.out.println(Arrays.toString(bys));//输出结果：[-28, -67, -96, -27, -91, -67]
*/

/*
		byte[] bys = s.getBytes("GBK");//指定编码方式
		System.out.println(Arrays.toString(bys));//输出结果：[-60, -29, -70, -61]		
*/

		byte[] bys = s.getBytes("utf-8");
		System.out.println(Arrays.toString(bys));//输出结果：[-28, -67, -96, -27, -91, -67]


	
	}
}

• bytes[]-----String

import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
public class StringDemo{
	public static void main(String[] args)throws UnsupportedEncodingException{
		String s = "你好";
		
	//	byte[] bys = s.getBytes();//默认是utf-8编码
		byte[] bys = s.getBytes("utf-8");

		//byte[] ---Sttring
//		String ss = new String(bys);//utf-8编码的，utf-8解码的
//		System.out.println(ss);//转换成字符串;输出结果是你好
	
		String ss = new String(bys,"GBK");//utf-8编的,GBK解码的
		System.out.println(ss);//输出结果是：浣犲ソ
			
	}
}

OutputStreamWriter

OutputStreamWriter(OutputStream out) :使用默认编码把字节流的数据转换为字符流
OutputStreamWriter(OutputStream out, String charseName)：根据指定编码把字节流数据转换成字符流

OutputStreamWriter(或FileWriter)写数据

public void write(int c):写一个字符
public void write(char[] cbuf):写一个字符数组
public void write(char[] cbuf,int off,int len):写一个字符数组的一部分
public void write(String str):写一个字符串
public void write(String str,int off,int len):写一个字符串的一部分

代码练习

import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
import java.io.IOException;

public class OutputStreamWriteDemo{
	public static void main(String[] args)throws IOException{
		//创建对象
		OutputStreamWriter osw = new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream("/home/hadoop/a.txt"));

/*
		//写数据
		//public void write(int c):写一个字符
		osw.write("
a
");
		osw.write(87);

*/

		//public void write(char[] cbuf):写一个字符数组
		char[] chs = {'a','b','c','d'};//不能使用双引号？
//		osw.write(chs);

		//public void write(char[] cbuf,int off,int len):写一个字符数组的一部分
//		osw.write(chs,1,3);


		//public void write(String str):
//		osw.write("自学java");
		
		//public void write(String str,int off, int len):写一个字符串的一部分
		osw.write("邬家栋自学java",3,6);
	
		osw.flush();
		osw.close();
		
	}
}

InputStreamReader

InputStreamReader(InputStream in) :用默认的编码读取数据
InputStreamReader(InputStream in, String charsetName) :用指定的编码读取数据

InputStreamReader(或FileReader)读取数据

int read():一次读取一个字符
int read(char[] chs):一次读取一个字符数组

代码练习

import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.IOException;

public class InputStreamReadDemo{
	public static void main(String[] args)throws IOException{
		//创建对象
		InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream("/home/hadoop/javatest/IO/OutputStreamWriteDemo.java"));

/*
		int ch = 0;
		while((ch = isr.read())!= -1){
			System.out.print((char)ch);
		}

*/

		//一次读取一个字符数组
		char[] chs = new char[1024];
		int len = 0;
		while((len = isr.read(chs)) != -1){
			System.out.print(new String(chs,0,len));
		}
	

		isr.close();
		
	}
}

字符流读写数据（复制文本文件）

import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;

public class CopyFileDemo{
	public static void main(String[] args)throws IOException{
		//封装数据源
		InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream("/home/hadoop/a.txt"));
		//封装目的地
		OutputStreamWriter osw = new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream("/home/hadoop/b.txt"));
		
/*
		//方式一
		int ch = 0;
		while((ch = isr.read()) != -1){
			osw.write(ch);
		}
*/

		//方式二
		char[] chs = new char[1024];
		int len = 0;
		while((len = isr.read(chs)) != -1){
			osw.write(chs,0,len);
			osw.flush();
	
		}

		isr.close();
		osw.close();
		
	}
}

字符缓冲流BufferedWriter写数据

import java.io.BufferedWriter;
import java.io.FileWriter;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;

public class BufferedWriterDemo{
	public static void main(String[] args)throws IOException{
		
		//BufferedWriter bw = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream("bw.txt")));
		BufferedWriter bw = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter("bw.txt"));
		
		bw.write("hello
");
		bw.write("wujiadong
");

		bw.close();

	}
}

字符缓冲流BufferedReader读数据

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.IOException;

public class BufferedReaderDemo{
	public static void main(String[] args)throws IOException{
		//创建字符缓冲输入流对象
		BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("bw.txt"));

/*
		//方式1
		int ch = 0;
		while((ch = br.read()) != -1){
			System.out.print((char) ch);
		}
*/

		//方式2
		char[] chs = new char[1024];
		int len = 0;
		while((len = br.read(chs)) != -1){
			System.out.print(new String(chs,0,len));
		}

		br.close();
	}
}

字符缓存流复制文件

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.BufferedWriter;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.FileWriter;
import java.io.IOException;

public class CopyFileDemo{
	public static void main(String[] args)throws IOException{
		//
		BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("a.txt"));
		
		BufferedWriter bw = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter("b.txt"));

		//方式1
		//方式2
		char[] chs = new char[1024];
		int len = 0;
		while((len = br.read(chs)) != -1){
			bw.write(chs,0,len);
			
		}

		br.close();
		bw.close();
	}
}

特殊功能（一次读一行）

• readLine(): 无换行符
• newline(): 换行

import java.io.BufferedWriter;
import java.io.FileWriter;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.FileReader;

public class BufferedDemo{
	public static void main(String[] args)throws IOException{
	//	write();
		read();
	}

	public static void read()throws IOException{
		BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("bw2.txt"));
		
		String line = null;
		while((line = br.readLine()) != null){
			System.out.println(line);
		}
		
		br.close();
		
	}
	
	public static void write() throws IOException{
		BufferedWriter bw = new BufferedWriter (new FileWriter("bw2.txt"));

		for(int i=0;i<10;i++){
			bw.write("wujiadong");
			bw.newLine(); //换行
			bw.flush();
		}

		bw.close();
	}

}

复制文件

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.BufferedWriter;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.FileWriter;

public class CopyFileDemo1{
	public static void main(String[] args)throws IOException{
		//封装数据源
		BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("CopyFileDemo.java"));

		//封装目的地
		BufferedWriter bw = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter("bw3.txt"));

		String line = null;
		while((line = br.readLine()) != null){
			bw.write(line);
			bw.newLine();
			bw.flush();
		}

		br.close();
		bw.close();
	}
}

练习1：复制文本文件

import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.FileWriter;
import java.io.IOException;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.BufferedWriter;

public class CopyFileDemo{
	public static void main(String[] args)throws IOException{
		String srcString = "bw3.txt";
		String desString = "wu.txt";

//		method1(srcString,desString);
// 		method2(srcString,desString);
//		method3(srcString,desString);
//		method4(srcString,desString);
		method5(srcString,desString);
		
	}

	//字符缓存流一次读写一个字符串
	private static void method5(String srcString,String desString)throws IOException{
		BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(srcString));
		BufferedWriter bw = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter(desString));

		String line = null;
		while((line = br.readLine()) != null){
			bw.write(line);
			bw.newLine();
			bw.flush();
		}

		br.close();
		bw.close();
	}
	

	//字符缓存流一次读写一个字符数组
	private static void method4(String srcString,String desString)throws IOException{
		BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(srcString));
		BufferedWriter bw = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter(desString));
	
		char[] ch = new char[1024];
		int len = 0;
		while((len = br.read(ch)) != -1){
			bw.write(ch);
		}

		br.close();
		bw.close();
	}

	//字符缓冲流一次读写一个字符
	private static void method3(String srcString,String desString)throws IOException{
		BufferedReader fr = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(srcString));
		BufferedWriter fw = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter(desString));

		int ch = 0;
		while((ch = fr.read()) != -1){
			fw.write(ch);
		}		
		
		fr.close();
		fw.close();
			
	}

	//基本字符流一次读取一个字符数组
	private static void method2(String srcString,String desString)throws IOException{
		FileReader fr = new FileReader(srcString);
		FileWriter fw = new FileWriter(desString);
		
		char[] ch = new char[1024];
		int len = 0;
		while((len = fr.read(ch)) != -1){
			fw.write(ch, 0 ,len);
		}
		
		fr.close();
		fw.close();
	}

	//基本字符流一次读写一个字符
	private static void method1(String srcString,String desString)throws IOException{
		FileReader fr = new FileReader(srcString);
		FileWriter fw = new FileWriter(desString);

		int ch = 0;
		while((ch = fr.read()) != -1){
			fw.write(ch);
		}

		fr.close();
		fw.close();
	}
}

练习2：复制非文本文件的4种方法

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;

import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
import java.io.BufferedOutputStream;

public class CopyImageDemo{
	public static void main(String[] args)throws IOException{
		//使用字符串作为路径
//		String srcFile = "1.jpg";
//		String desFile = "/home/hadoop/javatest/1.jpg";
		
		//使用File对象作为参数
		File srcFile = new File("/home/hadoop/1.jpg");
		File desFile = new File("/home/hadoop/javatest/1.jpg");

//		method1(srcFile,desFile);
//		method2(srcFile,desFile);
//		method3(srcFile,desFile);
		method4(srcFile,desFile);
	}

	//基本字节流一次读取一个字节
	public static void method1(File srcFile,File desFile)throws IOException{
		FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(srcFile);
		FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(desFile);

		int by = 0;
		while((by = fis.read()) != -1){
			fos.write(by);
		}

		fis.close();
		fos.close();
	}

	//基本字节流一次读写一个字节数组
	public static void method2(File srcFile,File desFile)throws IOException{
		FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(srcFile);
		FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(desFile);
		
		byte[] by = new byte[1024];
		int len = 0;
		while((len = fis.read(by)) != -1){
			fos.write(len);
			fos.flush();
		}

		fis.close();
		fos.close();

	}	

	public static void method3(File srcFile,File desFile)throws IOException{
		BufferedInputStream bis = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(srcFile));
		BufferedOutputStream bos = new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(desFile));

		int by = 0;
		while((by = bis.read()) != -1){
			bos.write(by);
		}

		bis.close();
		bos.close();
	}

	//字节缓冲流一次读取一个字节数组
	public static void method4(File srcFile,File desFile)throws IOException{
		BufferedInputStream bis = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(srcFile));
		BufferedOutputStream bos = new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(desFile));

		byte[] by = new byte[1024];
		int len = 0;
		while((len = bis.read()) != -1){
			bos.write(by);
			bos.flush();
		}
	
		bis.close();
		bos.close();

	}
	
}

练习3：将集合中的数据存储到文本文件

/*
 * 需求：将ArrayList集合中的字符串数据存储到文本文件
 *
 */
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.io.BufferedWriter;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.FileWriter;

public class ArrayListToFileDemo{
	public static void main(String[] args)throws IOException{
		//创建集合对象
		ArrayList<String> array = new ArrayList<String>();

		array.add("java");
		array.add("python");
		array.add("scala");

		//封装目的地
		BufferedWriter bw = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter("/home/hadoop/wu.txt"));	

		//遍历集合
		for(String s:array){
			bw.write(s);
			bw.newLine();
		}

		bw.close();
	}
}

练习4：把文本文件的数据存储到集合

/*
 * 需求：从文本文件中读取数据（一行为一个字符串数据）到集合中,并遍历集合
 *
 *
 */
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.IOException;

public class FileToArrayListDemo{
	public static void main(String[] args)throws IOException{
		//封装数据源
		BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("/home/hadoop/wu.txt"));

		//封装目的地
		ArrayList<String> array = new ArrayList<String>();

		//读取数据存储到集合中
		String line = null;
		while((line = br.readLine()) != null){
			array.add(line);
		}

		br.close();

		//遍历集合
		for(String s:array){
			System.out.println(s);
		}
	}
}

练习5：

/*
 * 需求：有一个文本文件存储了几个名称，写一个程序实现随机获取一个人的名字
 *
 */
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Random;

public class GetName{
	public static void main(String[] args)throws IOException{
		//把文本文件的数据存储到集合中
		BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("/home/hadoop/wu.txt"));
		ArrayList<String> array = new ArrayList<String>();
		
		String line = null;
		while((line = br.readLine()) != null){
			array.add(line);
		}

		br.close();
	
		//产生一个随机索引
		Random r = new Random();
		int index = r.nextInt(array.size());
		
		//根据该索引获取一个值
		String name = array.get(index);
		System.out.println("幸运者是："+name);

	}
}

练习6：复制单级文件夹

import java.io.File;

import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
import java.io.BufferedOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;

public class CopyFolderDemo{
	public static void main(String[] args)throws IOException{
		//封装目录
		File srcFolder = new File("/home/hadoop/javatest/IO");
		File desFolder = new File("/home/hadoop/wu_test");

		//如果目的地文件夹不存在就创建
		if(!desFolder.exists()){
			desFolder.mkdir();
		}

		//获取该目录下的所有文本的File数组
		File[] fileArray = srcFolder.listFiles();

		//遍历该File数组，得到么一个File对象
		for(File file:fileArray){
			//System.out.println(file);
			//数据源：/home/hadoop/javatest
			//目的地：/home/hadoop/wu_test

			String name = file.getName();
			File newFile = new File(desFolder,name);

			copyFile(file,newFile);
		}
	}

	private static void copyFile(File file,File newFile)throws IOException{
		BufferedInputStream bis = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(file));
		BufferedOutputStream bos = new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(newFile));

		byte[] by = new byte[1024];
		int len = 0;
		while((len = bis.read(by)) != -1){
			bos.write(by,0,len);
		}

		bos.close();
		bis.close();
		
	}
}