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  • SpringBoot---web开发


    1、简介
    使用SpringBoot;
    1)、创建SpringBoot应用,选中我们需要的模块;
    2)、SpringBoot已经默认将这些场景配置好了,只需要在配置文件中指定少量配置就可以运行起来
    3)、自己编写业务代码;
    自动配置原理?
    这个场景SpringBoot帮我们配置了什么?能不能修改?能修改哪些配置?能不能扩展?xxx

    xxxxAutoConfiguration:帮我们给容器中自动配置组件;
    xxxxProperties:配置类来封装配置文件的内容;

     2、SpringBoot对静态资源的映射规则

    @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.resources", ignoreUnknownFields = false)
    public class ResourceProperties implements ResourceLoaderAware {
    //可以设置和静态资源有关的参数,缓存时间等
    WebMvcAuotConfiguration:
    @Override
    public void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) {
    if (!this.resourceProperties.isAddMappings()) {
    logger.debug("Default resource handling disabled");
    return;
    }
    Integer cachePeriod = this.resourceProperties.getCachePeriod();
    if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern("/webjars/**")) {
    customizeResourceHandlerRegistration(
    registry.addResourceHandler("/webjars/**")
    .addResourceLocations(
    "classpath:/META‐INF/resources/webjars/")
    .setCachePeriod(cachePeriod));
    }
    String staticPathPattern = this.mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern();
    //静态资源文件夹映射
    if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern(staticPathPattern)) {
    customizeResourceHandlerRegistration(
    registry.addResourceHandler(staticPathPattern)
    .addResourceLocations(
    this.resourceProperties.getStaticLocations())
    .setCachePeriod(cachePeriod));
    }
    }
    //配置欢迎页映射
    @Bean
    public WelcomePageHandlerMapping welcomePageHandlerMapping(
    ResourceProperties resourceProperties) {
    return new WelcomePageHandlerMapping(resourceProperties.getWelcomePage(),
    this.mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern());
    }
    //配置喜欢的图标
    @Configuration
    @ConditionalOnProperty(value = "spring.mvc.favicon.enabled", matchIfMissing = true)

    public static class FaviconConfiguration {
    private final ResourceProperties resourceProperties;
    public FaviconConfiguration(ResourceProperties resourceProperties) {
    this.resourceProperties = resourceProperties;
    }
    @Bean
    public SimpleUrlHandlerMapping faviconHandlerMapping() {
    SimpleUrlHandlerMapping mapping = new SimpleUrlHandlerMapping();
    mapping.setOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE + 1);
    //所有 **/favicon.ico
    mapping.setUrlMap(Collections.singletonMap("**/favicon.ico",
    faviconRequestHandler()));
    return mapping;
    }
    @Bean
    public ResourceHttpRequestHandler faviconRequestHandler() {
    ResourceHttpRequestHandler requestHandler = new
    ResourceHttpRequestHandler();
    requestHandler
    .setLocations(this.resourceProperties.getFaviconLocations());
    return requestHandler;
    }
    }

    1)、所有 /webjars/** ,都去 classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/ 找资源;
    webjars:以jar包的方式引入静态资源;
    http://www.webjars.org/

    localhost:8080/webjars/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.js

    <!‐‐引入jquery‐webjar‐‐>在访问的时候只需要写webjars下面资源的名称即可
    <dependency>
    <groupId>org.webjars</groupId>
    <artifactId>jquery</artifactId>
    <version>3.3.1</version>
    </dependency>

    2)、"/**" 访问当前项目的任何资源,都去(静态资源的文件夹)找映射

    "classpath:/META‐INF/resources/",
    "classpath:/resources/",
    "classpath:/static/",
    "classpath:/public/"
    "/":当前项目的根路径

    localhost:8080/abc === 去静态资源文件夹里面找abc
    3)、欢迎页; 静态资源文件夹下的所有index.html页面;被"/**"映射;
    localhost:8080/ 找index页面
    4)、所有的 **/favicon.ico 都是在静态资源文件下找;

    3、模板引擎
    JSP、Velocity、Freemarker、Thymeleaf

    SpringBoot推荐的Thymeleaf;
    语法更简单,功能更强大;

    1、引入thymeleaf;

    <dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring‐boot‐starter‐thymeleaf</artifactId>
    2.1.6
    </dependency>
    切换thymeleaf版本
    <properties>
    <thymeleaf.version>3.0.9.RELEASE</thymeleaf.version>
    <!‐‐ 布局功能的支持程序 thymeleaf3主程序 layout2以上版本 ‐‐>
    <!‐‐ thymeleaf2 layout1‐‐>
    <thymeleaf‐layout‐dialect.version>2.2.2</thymeleaf‐layout‐dialect.version>
    </properties>

    2、Thymeleaf使用

    @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.thymeleaf")
    public class ThymeleafProperties {
    private static final Charset DEFAULT_ENCODING = Charset.forName("UTF‐8");
    private static final MimeType DEFAULT_CONTENT_TYPE = MimeType.valueOf("text/html");
    public static final String DEFAULT_PREFIX = "classpath:/templates/";
    public static final String DEFAULT_SUFFIX = ".html";

    只要我们把HTML页面放在classpath:/templates/,thymeleaf就能自动渲染;
    使用:
    1、导入thymeleaf的名称空间

    <html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">

    2、使用thymeleaf语法;

    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
    <head>
    <meta charset="UTF‐8">
    <title>Title</title>
    </head>
    <body>
    <h1>成功!</h1>
    <!‐‐th:text 将div里面的文本内容设置为 ‐‐>
    <div th:text="${hello}">这是显示欢迎信息</div>
    </body>
    </html>

    3、语法规则
    1)、th:text;改变当前元素里面的文本内容;
    th:任意html属性;来替换原生属性的值

     2)、表达式?

    Simple expressions:(表达式语法)
    Variable Expressions: ${...}:获取变量值;OGNL;
    1)、获取对象的属性、调用方法
    2)、使用内置的基本对象:
    #ctx : the context object.
    #vars: the context variables.
    #locale : the context locale.
    #request : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpServletRequest object.
    #response : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpServletResponse object.
    #session : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpSession object.
    #servletContext : (only in Web Contexts) the ServletContext object.
    ${session.foo}
    3)、内置的一些工具对象:
    #execInfo : information about the template being processed.
    #messages : methods for obtaining externalized messages inside variables expressions, in the
    same way as they would be obtained using #{…} syntax.
    #uris : methods for escaping parts of URLs/URIs
    #conversions : methods for executing the configured conversion service (if any).
    #dates : methods for java.util.Date objects: formatting, component extraction, etc.
    #calendars : analogous to #dates , but for java.util.Calendar objects.
    #numbers : methods for formatting numeric objects.
    #strings : methods for String objects: contains, startsWith, prepending/appending, etc.
    #objects : methods for objects in general.
    #bools : methods for boolean evaluation.
    #arrays : methods for arrays.
    #lists : methods for lists.
    #sets : methods for sets.
    #maps : methods for maps.
    #aggregates : methods for creating aggregates on arrays or collections.
    #ids : methods for dealing with id attributes that might be repeated (for example, as a
    result of an iteration).
    Selection Variable Expressions: *{...}:选择表达式:和${}在功能上是一样;
    补充:配合 th:object="${session.user}:
    <div th:object="${session.user}">
    <p>Name: <span th:text="*{firstName}">Sebastian</span>.</p>
    <p>Surname: <span th:text="*{lastName}">Pepper</span>.</p>
    <p>Nationality: <span th:text="*{nationality}">Saturn</span>.</p>
    </div>
    Message Expressions: #{...}:获取国际化内容
    Link URL Expressions: @{...}:定义URL;
    @{/order/process(execId=${execId},execType='FAST')}
    Fragment Expressions: ~{...}:片段引用表达式
    <div th:insert="~{commons :: main}">...</div>
    Literals(字面量)
    Text literals: 'one text' , 'Another one!' ,…
    Number literals: 0 , 34 , 3.0 , 12.3 ,…
    Boolean literals: true , false
    Null literal: null
    Literal tokens: one , sometext , main ,…
    Text operations:(文本操作)
    String concatenation: +
    Literal substitutions: |The name is ${name}|
    Arithmetic operations:(数学运算)
    Binary operators: + , ‐ , * , / , %
    Minus sign (unary operator): ‐
    Boolean operations:(布尔运算)
    Binary operators: and , or
    Boolean negation (unary operator): ! , not
    Comparisons and equality:(比较运算)
    Comparators: > , < , >= , <= ( gt , lt , ge , le )
    Equality operators: == , != ( eq , ne )
    Conditional operators:条件运算(三元运算符)
    If‐then: (if) ? (then)
    If‐then‐else: (if) ? (then) : (else)
    Default: (value) ?: (defaultvalue)
    Special tokens:
    No‐Operation: _

    4、SpringMVC自动配置

    https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/1.5.10.RELEASE/reference/htmlsingle/#boot-features-developingweb-applications
    1. Spring MVC auto-configuration
    Spring Boot 自动配置好了SpringMVC
    以下是SpringBoot对SpringMVC的默认配置:(WebMvcAutoConfiguration)
    Inclusion of ContentNegotiatingViewResolver and BeanNameViewResolver beans.
    自动配置了ViewResolver(视图解析器:根据方法的返回值得到视图对象(View),视图对象决定如何
    渲染(转发?重定向?))
    ContentNegotiatingViewResolver:组合所有的视图解析器的;
    如何定制:我们可以自己给容器中添加一个视图解析器;自动的将其组合进来;
    Support for serving static resources, including support for WebJars (see below).静态资源文件夹路
    径,webjars
    Static index.html support. 静态首页访问
    Custom Favicon support (see below). favicon.ico
    自动注册了 of Converter , GenericConverter , Formatter beans.
    Converter:转换器; public String hello(User user):类型转换使用Converter
    Formatter 格式化器; 2017.12.17===Date;

    @Bean
    @ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "spring.mvc", name = "date‐format")//在文件中配置日期格
    式化的规则
    public Formatter<Date> dateFormatter() {
    return new DateFormatter(this.mvcProperties.getDateFormat());//日期格式化组件
    }

    自己添加的格式化器转换器,我们只需要放在容器中即可

    Support for HttpMessageConverters (see below).
    HttpMessageConverter:SpringMVC用来转换Http请求和响应的;User---Json;
    HttpMessageConverters 是从容器中确定;获取所有的HttpMessageConverter;
    自己给容器中添加HttpMessageConverter,只需要将自己的组件注册容器中
    (@Bean,@Component)
    Automatic registration of MessageCodesResolver (see below).定义错误代码生成规则
    Automatic use of a ConfigurableWebBindingInitializer bean (see below).
    我们可以配置一个ConfigurableWebBindingInitializer来替换默认的;(添加到容器)

    初始化WebDataBinder;
    请求数据=====JavaBean;

    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web:web的所有自动场景;
    If you want to keep Spring Boot MVC features, and you just want to add additional MVC configuration
    (interceptors, formatters, view controllers etc.) you can add your own @Configuration class of type
    WebMvcConfigurerAdapter , but without @EnableWebMvc . If you wish to provide custom instances of
    RequestMappingHandlerMapping , RequestMappingHandlerAdapter or ExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver
    you can declare a WebMvcRegistrationsAdapter instance providing such components.
    If you want to take complete control of Spring MVC, you can add your own @Configuration annotated with
    @EnableWebMvc

    2、扩展SpringMVC

    <mvc:view‐controller path="/hello" view‐name="success"/>
    <mvc:interceptors>
    <mvc:interceptor>
    <mvc:mapping path="/hello"/>
    <bean></bean>
    </mvc:interceptor>
    </mvc:interceptors>

    编写一个配置类(@Configuration),是WebMvcConfigurerAdapter类型;不能标注@EnableWebMvc;
    既保留了所有的自动配置,也能用我们扩展的配置;

    //使用WebMvcConfigurerAdapter可以来扩展SpringMVC的功能
    @Configuration
    public class MyMvcConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {
    @Override
    public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
    // super.addViewControllers(registry);
    //浏览器发送 /atguigu 请求来到 success
    registry.addViewController("/atguigu").setViewName("success");
    }
    }

    原理:
    1)、WebMvcAutoConfiguration是SpringMVC的自动配置类
    2)、在做其他自动配置时会导入;@Import(EnableWebMvcConfiguration.class)

    @Configuration
    public static class EnableWebMvcConfiguration extends DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration {
    private final WebMvcConfigurerComposite configurers = new WebMvcConfigurerComposite();
    //从容器中获取所有的WebMvcConfigurer
    @Autowired(required = false)
    public void setConfigurers(List<WebMvcConfigurer> configurers) {
    if (!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(configurers)) {
    this.configurers.addWebMvcConfigurers(configurers);
    //一个参考实现;将所有的WebMvcConfigurer相关配置都来一起调用;
    @Override
    // public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
    // for (WebMvcConfigurer delegate : this.delegates) {
    // delegate.addViewControllers(registry);
    // }
    }
    }
    }

    3)、容器中所有的WebMvcConfigurer都会一起起作用;
    4)、我们的配置类也会被调用;
    效果:SpringMVC的自动配置和我们的扩展配置都会起作用;
    3、全面接管SpringMVC;
    SpringBoot对SpringMVC的自动配置不需要了,所有都是我们自己配置;所有的SpringMVC的自动配置都失效了
    我们需要在配置类中添加@EnableWebMvc即可;

    //使用WebMvcConfigurerAdapter可以来扩展SpringMVC的功能
    @EnableWebMvc
    @Configuration
    public class MyMvcConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {
    @Override
    public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
    // super.addViewControllers(registry);
    //浏览器发送 /atguigu 请求来到 success
    registry.addViewController("/atguigu").setViewName("success");
    }
    }

    原理:
    为什么@EnableWebMvc自动配置就失效了;

    1)@EnableWebMvc的核心

    @Import(DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration.class)
    public @interface EnableWebMvc {

    2)、

    @Configuration
    public class DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration extends WebMvcConfigurationSupport {

    3)、

    @Configuration
    @ConditionalOnWebApplication
    @ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, DispatcherServlet.class,
    WebMvcConfigurerAdapter.class })
    //容器中没有这个组件的时候,这个自动配置类才生效
    @ConditionalOnMissingBean(WebMvcConfigurationSupport.class)
    @AutoConfigureOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE + 10)
    @AutoConfigureAfter({ DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration.class,
    ValidationAutoConfiguration.class })
    public class WebMvcAutoConfiguration {

    4)、@EnableWebMvc将WebMvcConfigurationSupport组件导入进来;
    5)、导入的WebMvcConfigurationSupport只是SpringMVC最基本的功能;

    5、如何修改SpringBoot的默认配置
    模式:
    1)、SpringBoot在自动配置很多组件的时候,先看容器中有没有用户自己配置的(@Bean、@Component)如
    果有就用用户配置的,如果没有,才自动配置;如果有些组件可以有多个(ViewResolver)将用户配置的和自己默
    认的组合起来;
    2)、在SpringBoot中会有非常多的xxxConfigurer帮助我们进行扩展配置
    3)、在SpringBoot中会有很多的xxxCustomizer帮助我们进行定制配置
    6、RestfulCRUD
    1)、默认访问首页

    //使用WebMvcConfigurerAdapter可以来扩展SpringMVC的功能
    //@EnableWebMvc 不要接管SpringMVC
    @Configuration
    public class MyMvcConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {
    @Override
    public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
    // super.addViewControllers(registry);
    //浏览器发送 /atguigu 请求来到 success
    registry.addViewController("/atguigu").setViewName("success");
    }
    //所有的WebMvcConfigurerAdapter组件都会一起起作用
    @Bean //将组件注册在容器
    public WebMvcConfigurerAdapter webMvcConfigurerAdapter(){
    WebMvcConfigurerAdapter adapter = new WebMvcConfigurerAdapter() {
    @Override
    public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
    registry.addViewController("/").setViewName("login");
    registry.addViewController("/index.html").setViewName("login");
    }
    };
    return adapter;
    }
    }

    2)、国际化
    1)、编写国际化配置文件;
    2)、使用ResourceBundleMessageSource管理国际化资源文件
    3)、在页面使用fmt:message取出国际化内容
    步骤:
    1)、编写国际化配置文件,抽取页面需要显示的国际化消息

     2)、SpringBoot自动配置好了管理国际化资源文件的组件;

    @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.messages")
    public class MessageSourceAutoConfiguration {
    /**
    * Comma‐separated list of basenames (essentially a fully‐qualified classpath
    * location), each following the ResourceBundle convention with relaxed support for
    * slash based locations. If it doesn't contain a package qualifier (such as
    * "org.mypackage"), it will be resolved from the classpath root.
    */
    private String basename = "messages";
    //我们的配置文件可以直接放在类路径下叫messages.properties;
    @Bean
    public MessageSource messageSource() {
    ResourceBundleMessageSource messageSource = new ResourceBundleMessageSource();
    if (StringUtils.hasText(this.basename)) {
    //设置国际化资源文件的基础名(去掉语言国家代码的)
    messageSource.setBasenames(StringUtils.commaDelimitedListToStringArray(
    StringUtils.trimAllWhitespace(this.basename)));
    }
    if (this.encoding != null) {
    messageSource.setDefaultEncoding(this.encoding.name());
    }
    messageSource.setFallbackToSystemLocale(this.fallbackToSystemLocale);
    messageSource.setCacheSeconds(this.cacheSeconds);
    messageSource.setAlwaysUseMessageFormat(this.alwaysUseMessageFormat);
    return messageSource;
    }

    3)、去页面获取国际化的值;

    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
    <head>
    <meta http‐equiv="Content‐Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF‐8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device‐width, initial‐scale=1, shrink‐to‐
    fit=no">
    <meta name="description" content="">
    <meta name="author" content="">
    <title>Signin Template for Bootstrap</title>
    <!‐‐ Bootstrap core CSS ‐‐>
    <link href="asserts/css/bootstrap.min.css"
    th:href="@{/webjars/bootstrap/4.0.0/css/bootstrap.css}" rel="stylesheet">
    <!‐‐ Custom styles for this template ‐‐>
    <link href="asserts/css/signin.css" th:href="@{/asserts/css/signin.css}"
    rel="stylesheet">
    </head>
    <body class="text‐center">
    <form class="form‐signin" action="dashboard.html">
    <img class="mb‐4" th:src="@{/asserts/img/bootstrap‐solid.svg}"
    src="asserts/img/bootstrap‐solid.svg" alt="" width="72" height="72">
    <h1 class="h3 mb‐3 font‐weight‐normal" th:text="#{login.tip}">Please sign
    in</h1>
    <label class="sr‐only" th:text="#{login.username}">Username</label>
    <input type="text" class="form‐control" placeholder="Username" th:placeholder="#
    {login.username}" required="" autofocus="">
    <label class="sr‐only" th:text="#{login.password}">Password</label>
    <input type="password" class="form‐control" placeholder="Password"
    th:placeholder="#{login.password}" required="">
    <div class="checkbox mb‐3">
    <label>
    <input type="checkbox" value="remember‐me"/> [[#{login.remember}]]
    </label>
    </div>
    <button class="btn btn‐lg btn‐primary btn‐block" type="submit" th:text="#
    {login.btn}">Sign in</button>
    <p class="mt‐5 mb‐3 text‐muted">© 2017‐2018</p>
    <a class="btn btn‐sm">中文</a>
    <a class="btn btn‐sm">English</a>
    </form>
    </body>
    </html>

    效果:根据浏览器语言设置的信息切换了国际化;
    原理:
    国际化Locale(区域信息对象);LocaleResolver(获取区域信息对象);

    @Bean
    @ConditionalOnMissingBean
    @ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "spring.mvc", name = "locale")
    public LocaleResolver localeResolver() {
    if (this.mvcProperties
    .getLocaleResolver() == WebMvcProperties.LocaleResolver.FIXED) {
    return new FixedLocaleResolver(this.mvcProperties.getLocale());
    }
    AcceptHeaderLocaleResolver localeResolver = new AcceptHeaderLocaleResolver();
    localeResolver.setDefaultLocale(this.mvcProperties.getLocale());
    return localeResolver;
    }
    默认的就是根据请求头带来的区域信息获取Locale进行国际化

    4)、点击链接切换国际化

    /**
    * 可以在连接上携带区域信息
    */
    public class MyLocaleResolver implements LocaleResolver {
    @Override
    public Locale resolveLocale(HttpServletRequest request) {
    String l = request.getParameter("l");
    Locale locale = Locale.getDefault();
    if(!StringUtils.isEmpty(l)){
    String[] split = l.split("_");
    locale = new Locale(split[0],split[1]);
    }
    return locale;
    }
    @Override
    public void setLocale(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Locale
    locale) {
    }
    }
    @Bean
    public LocaleResolver localeResolver(){
    return new MyLocaleResolver();
    }
    }

    3)、登陆
    开发期间模板引擎页面修改以后,要实时生效

    1)、禁用模板引擎的缓存

    # 禁用缓存
    spring.thymeleaf.cache=false

    2)、页面修改完成以后ctrl+f9:重新编译;
    登陆错误消息的显示

    <p style="color: red" th:text="${msg}" th:if="${not #strings.isEmpty(msg)}"></p>

    4)、拦截器进行登陆检查
    拦截器

    /**
    * 登陆检查,
    */
    public class LoginHandlerInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
    //目标方法执行之前
    @Override
    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,
    Object handler) throws Exception {
    Object user = request.getSession().getAttribute("loginUser");
    if(user == null){
    //未登陆,返回登陆页面
    request.setAttribute("msg","没有权限请先登陆");
    request.getRequestDispatcher("/index.html").forward(request,response);
    return false;
    }else{
    //已登陆,放行请求
    return true;
    }
    }
    @Override
    public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object
    handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
    }
    @Override
    public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,
    Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {
    }
    }

    注册拦截器

    //所有的WebMvcConfigurerAdapter组件都会一起起作用
    @Bean //将组件注册在容器
    public WebMvcConfigurerAdapter webMvcConfigurerAdapter(){
    WebMvcConfigurerAdapter adapter = new WebMvcConfigurerAdapter() {
    @Override
    public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
    registry.addViewController("/").setViewName("login");
    registry.addViewController("/index.html").setViewName("login");
    registry.addViewController("/main.html").setViewName("dashboard");
    }
    //注册拦截器
    @Override
    public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
    //super.addInterceptors(registry);
    //静态资源; *.css , *.js
    //SpringBoot已经做好了静态资源映射
    registry.addInterceptor(new
    LoginHandlerInterceptor()).addPathPatterns("/**")
    .excludePathPatterns("/index.html","/","/user/login");
    }
    };
    return adapter;
    }

    5)、CRUD-员工列表
    实验要求:
    1)、RestfulCRUD:CRUD满足Rest风格;
    URI: /资源名称/资源标识 HTTP请求方式区分对资源CRUD操作

     2)、实验的请求架构;

    3)、员工列表:
    thymeleaf公共页面元素抽取

    1、抽取公共片段
    <div th:fragment="copy">
    &copy; 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery
    </div>
    2、引入公共片段
    <div th:insert="~{footer :: copy}"></div>
    ~{templatename::selector}:模板名::选择器
    ~{templatename::fragmentname}:模板名::片段名
    3、默认效果:
    insert的公共片段在div标签中
    如果使用th:insert等属性进行引入,可以不用写~{}:
    行内写法可以加上:[[~{}]];[(~{})];

    三种引入公共片段的th属性:
    th:insert:将公共片段整个插入到声明引入的元素中
    th:replace:将声明引入的元素替换为公共片段
    th:include:将被引入的片段的内容包含进这个标签中

    <footer th:fragment="copy">
    &copy; 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery
    </footer>
    引入方式
    <div th:insert="footer :: copy"></div>
    <div th:replace="footer :: copy"></div>
    <div th:include="footer :: copy"></div>
    效果
    <div>
    <footer>
    &copy; 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery
    </footer>
    </div>
    <footer>
    &copy; 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery
    </footer>
    <div>
    &copy; 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery
    </div>

    引入片段的时候传入参数:

    <nav class="col‐md‐2 d‐none d‐md‐block bg‐light sidebar" id="sidebar">
    <div class="sidebar‐sticky">
    <ul class="nav flex‐column">
    <li class="nav‐item">
    <a class="nav‐link active"
    th:class="${activeUri=='main.html'?'nav‐link active':'nav‐link'}"
    href="#" th:href="@{/main.html}">
    <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24"
    viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke‐width="2" stroke‐
    linecap="round" stroke‐linejoin="round" class="feather feather‐home">
    <path d="M3 9l9‐7 9 7v11a2 2 0 0 1‐2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1‐2‐2z"></path>
    <polyline points="9 22 9 12 15 12 15 22"></polyline>
    </svg>
    Dashboard <span class="sr‐only">(current)</span>
    </a>
    </li>
    <!‐‐引入侧边栏;传入参数‐‐>
    <div th:replace="commons/bar::#sidebar(activeUri='emps')"></div>

    6)、CRUD-员工添加
    添加页面

    <form>
    <div class="form‐group">
    <label>LastName</label>
    <input type="text" class="form‐control" placeholder="zhangsan">
    </div>
    <div class="form‐group">
    <label>Email</label>
    <input type="email" class="form‐control" placeholder="zhangsan@atguigu.com">
    </div>
    <div class="form‐group">
    <label>Gender</label><br/>
    <div class="form‐check form‐check‐inline">
    <input class="form‐check‐input" type="radio" name="gender" value="1">
    <label class="form‐check‐label">男</label>
    </div>
    <div class="form‐check form‐check‐inline">
    <input class="form‐check‐input" type="radio" name="gender" value="0">
    <label class="form‐check‐label">女</label>
    </div>
    </div>
    <div class="form‐group">
    <label>department</label>
    <select class="form‐control">
    <option>1</option>
    <option>2</option>
    <option>3</option>
    <option>4</option>
    <option>5</option>
    </select>
    </div>
    <div class="form‐group">
    <label>Birth</label>
    <input type="text" class="form‐control" placeholder="zhangsan">
    </div>
    <button type="submit" class="btn btn‐primary">添加</button>
    </form>

    提交的数据格式不对:生日:日期;
    2017-12-12;2017/12/12;2017.12.12;
    日期的格式化;SpringMVC将页面提交的值需要转换为指定的类型;
    2017-12-12---Date; 类型转换,格式化;
    默认日期是按照/的方式;

    7)、CRUD-员工修改
    修改添加二合一表单

    <!‐‐需要区分是员工修改还是添加;‐‐>
    <form th:action="@{/emp}" method="post">
    <!‐‐发送put请求修改员工数据‐‐>
    <!‐‐
    1、SpringMVC中配置HiddenHttpMethodFilter;(SpringBoot自动配置好的)
    2、页面创建一个post表单
    3、创建一个input项,name="_method";值就是我们指定的请求方式
    ‐‐>
    <input type="hidden" name="_method" value="put" th:if="${emp!=null}"/>
    <input type="hidden" name="id" th:if="${emp!=null}" th:value="${emp.id}">
    <div class="form‐group">
    <label>LastName</label>
    <input name="lastName" type="text" class="form‐control" placeholder="zhangsan"
    th:value="${emp!=null}?${emp.lastName}">
    </div>
    <div class="form‐group">
    <label>Email</label>
    <input name="email" type="email" class="form‐control"
    placeholder="zhangsan@atguigu.com" th:value="${emp!=null}?${emp.email}">
    </div>
    <div class="form‐group">
    <label>Gender</label><br/>
    <div class="form‐check form‐check‐inline">
    <input class="form‐check‐input" type="radio" name="gender" value="1"
    th:checked="${emp!=null}?${emp.gender==1}">
    <label class="form‐check‐label">男</label>
    </div>
    <div class="form‐check form‐check‐inline">
    <input class="form‐check‐input" type="radio" name="gender" value="0"
    th:checked="${emp!=null}?${emp.gender==0}">
    <label class="form‐check‐label">女</label>
    </div>
    </div>
    <div class="form‐group">
    <label>department</label>
    <!‐‐提交的是部门的id‐‐>
    <select class="form‐control" name="department.id">
    <option th:selected="${emp!=null}?${dept.id == emp.department.id}"
    th:value="${dept.id}" th:each="dept:${depts}" th:text="${dept.departmentName}">1</option>
    </select>
    </div>
    <div class="form‐group">
    <label>Birth</label>
    <input name="birth" type="text" class="form‐control" placeholder="zhangsan"
    th:value="${emp!=null}?${#dates.format(emp.birth, 'yyyy‐MM‐dd HH:mm')}">
    </div>
    <button type="submit" class="btn btn‐primary" th:text="${emp!=null}?'修改':'添加'">添加
    </button>
    </form>

    8)、CRUD-员工删除

    <tr th:each="emp:${emps}">
    <td th:text="${emp.id}"></td>
    <td>[[${emp.lastName}]]</td>
    <td th:text="${emp.email}"></td>
    <td th:text="${emp.gender}==0?'女':'男'"></td>
    <td th:text="${emp.department.departmentName}"></td>
    <td th:text="${#dates.format(emp.birth, 'yyyy‐MM‐dd HH:mm')}"></td>
    <td>
    <a class="btn btn‐sm btn‐primary" th:href="@{/emp/}+${emp.id}">编辑</a>
    <button th:attr="del_uri=@{/emp/}+${emp.id}" class="btn btn‐sm btn‐danger
    deleteBtn">删除</button>
    </td>
    </tr>
    <script>
    $(".deleteBtn").click(function(){
    //删除当前员工的
    $("#deleteEmpForm").attr("action",$(this).attr("del_uri")).submit();
    return false;
    });
    </script>

    7、错误处理机制
    1)、SpringBoot默认的错误处理机制
    默认效果:
    1)、浏览器,返回一个默认的错误页面

     浏览器发送请求的请求头:

     

    原理:
    可以参照ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration;错误处理的自动配置;
    给容器中添加了以下组件
    1、DefaultErrorAttributes:

    帮我们在页面共享信息;
    @Override
    public Map<String, Object> getErrorAttributes(RequestAttributes requestAttributes,
    boolean includeStackTrace) {
    Map<String, Object> errorAttributes = new LinkedHashMap<String, Object>();
    errorAttributes.put("timestamp", new Date());
    addStatus(errorAttributes, requestAttributes);
    addErrorDetails(errorAttributes, requestAttributes, includeStackTrace);
    addPath(errorAttributes, requestAttributes);
    return errorAttributes;
    }

    2、BasicErrorController:处理默认/error请求

    @Controller
    @RequestMapping("${server.error.path:${error.path:/error}}")
    public class BasicErrorController extends AbstractErrorController {
    @RequestMapping(produces = "text/html")//产生html类型的数据;浏览器发送的请求来到这个方法处理
    public ModelAndView errorHtml(HttpServletRequest request,
    HttpServletResponse response) {
    HttpStatus status = getStatus(request);
    Map<String, Object> model = Collections.unmodifiableMap(getErrorAttributes(
    request, isIncludeStackTrace(request, MediaType.TEXT_HTML)));
    response.setStatus(status.value());
    //去哪个页面作为错误页面;包含页面地址和页面内容
    ModelAndView modelAndView = resolveErrorView(request, response, status, model);
    return (modelAndView == null ? new ModelAndView("error", model) : modelAndView);
    }
    @RequestMapping
    @ResponseBody //产生json数据,其他客户端来到这个方法处理;
    public ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>> error(HttpServletRequest request) {
    Map<String, Object> body = getErrorAttributes(request,
    isIncludeStackTrace(request, MediaType.ALL));
    HttpStatus status = getStatus(request);
    return new ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>>(body, status);
    }

    3、ErrorPageCustomizer:

    @Value("${error.path:/error}")
    private String path = "/error"; 系统出现错误以后来到error请求进行处理;(web.xml注册的错误页
    面规则)

    4、DefaultErrorViewResolver:

    @Override
    public ModelAndView resolveErrorView(HttpServletRequest request, HttpStatus status,
    Map<String, Object> model) {
    ModelAndView modelAndView = resolve(String.valueOf(status), model);
    if (modelAndView == null && SERIES_VIEWS.containsKey(status.series())) {
    modelAndView = resolve(SERIES_VIEWS.get(status.series()), model);
    }
    return modelAndView;
    }
    private ModelAndView resolve(String viewName, Map<String, Object> model) {
    //默认SpringBoot可以去找到一个页面? error/404
    String errorViewName = "error/" + viewName;
    //模板引擎可以解析这个页面地址就用模板引擎解析
    TemplateAvailabilityProvider provider = this.templateAvailabilityProviders
    .getProvider(errorViewName, this.applicationContext);
    if (provider != null) {
    //模板引擎可用的情况下返回到errorViewName指定的视图地址
    return new ModelAndView(errorViewName, model);
    }
    //模板引擎不可用,就在静态资源文件夹下找errorViewName对应的页面 error/404.html
    return resolveResource(errorViewName, model);
    }

    步骤:
    一但系统出现4xx或者5xx之类的错误;ErrorPageCustomizer就会生效(定制错误的响应规则);就会来到/error
    请求;就会被BasicErrorController处理;
    1)响应页面;去哪个页面是由DefaultErrorViewResolver解析得到的;

    protected ModelAndView resolveErrorView(HttpServletRequest request,
    HttpServletResponse response, HttpStatus status, Map<String, Object> model) {
    //所有的ErrorViewResolver得到ModelAndView
    for (ErrorViewResolver resolver : this.errorViewResolvers) {
    ModelAndView modelAndView = resolver.resolveErrorView(request, status, model);
    if (modelAndView != null) {
    return modelAndView;
    }
    }
    return null;
    }

    2)、如果定制错误响应:
    1)、如何定制错误的页面;
    1)、有模板引擎的情况下;error/状态码; 【将错误页面命名为 错误状态码.html 放在模板引擎文件夹里面的
    error文件夹下】,发生此状态码的错误就会来到 对应的页面;
    我们可以使用4xx和5xx作为错误页面的文件名来匹配这种类型的所有错误,精确优先(优先寻找精确的状态
    码.html);
    页面能获取的信息;
    timestamp:时间戳
    status:状态码
    error:错误提示
    exception:异常对象
    message:异常消息
    errors:JSR303数据校验的错误都在这里
    2)、没有模板引擎(模板引擎找不到这个错误页面),静态资源文件夹下找;
    3)、以上都没有错误页面,就是默认来到SpringBoot默认的错误提示页面;
    2)、如何定制错误的json数据;
    1)、自定义异常处理&返回定制json数据;

    @ControllerAdvice
    public class MyExceptionHandler {
    @ResponseBody
    @ExceptionHandler(UserNotExistException.class)
    public Map<String,Object> handleException(Exception e){
    Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>();
    map.put("code","user.notexist");
    map.put("message",e.getMessage());
    return map;
    }
    }
    //没有自适应效果...

    2)、转发到/error进行自适应响应效果处理

    @ExceptionHandler(UserNotExistException.class)
    public String handleException(Exception e, HttpServletRequest request){
    Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>();
    //传入我们自己的错误状态码 4xx 5xx,否则就不会进入定制错误页面的解析流程
    /**
    * Integer statusCode = (Integer) request
    .getAttribute("javax.servlet.error.status_code");
    */
    request.setAttribute("javax.servlet.error.status_code",500);
    map.put("code","user.notexist");
    map.put("message",e.getMessage());
    //转发到/error
    return "forward:/error";
    }

    3)、将我们的定制数据携带出去;
    出现错误以后,会来到/error请求,会被BasicErrorController处理,响应出去可以获取的数据是由
    getErrorAttributes得到的(是AbstractErrorController(ErrorController)规定的方法);
    1、完全来编写一个ErrorController的实现类【或者是编写AbstractErrorController的子类】,放在容器中;
    2、页面上能用的数据,或者是json返回能用的数据都是通过errorAttributes.getErrorAttributes得到;
    容器中DefaultErrorAttributes.getErrorAttributes();默认进行数据处理的;
    自定义ErrorAttributes

    //给容器中加入我们自己定义的ErrorAttributes
    @Component
    public class MyErrorAttributes extends DefaultErrorAttributes {
    @Override
    public Map<String, Object> getErrorAttributes(RequestAttributes requestAttributes,
    boolean includeStackTrace) {
    Map<String, Object> map = super.getErrorAttributes(requestAttributes,
    includeStackTrace);
    map.put("company","atguigu");
    return map;
    }
    }

    最终的效果:响应是自适应的,可以通过定制ErrorAttributes改变需要返回的内容,

    8、配置嵌入式Servlet容器
    SpringBoot默认使用Tomcat作为嵌入式的Servlet容器;

    问题?
    1)、如何定制和修改Servlet容器的相关配置;
    1、修改和server有关的配置(ServerProperties【也是EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer】);

    server.port=8081
    server.context‐path=/crud
    server.tomcat.uri‐encoding=UTF‐8
    //通用的Servlet容器设置
    server.xxx
    //Tomcat的设置
    server.tomcat.xxx

    2、编写一个EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer:嵌入式的Servlet容器的定制器;来修改Servlet容器的
    配置

    @Bean //一定要将这个定制器加入到容器中
    public EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer embeddedServletContainerCustomizer(){
    return new EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer() {
    //定制嵌入式的Servlet容器相关的规则
    @Override
    public void customize(ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer container) {
    container.setPort(8083);
    }
    };
    }

    2)、注册Servlet三大组件【Servlet、Filter、Listener】
    由于SpringBoot默认是以jar包的方式启动嵌入式的Servlet容器来启动SpringBoot的web应用,没有web.xml文
    件。
    注册三大组件用以下方式
    ServletRegistrationBean

    //注册三大组件
    @Bean
    public ServletRegistrationBean myServlet(){
    ServletRegistrationBean registrationBean = new ServletRegistrationBean(new
    MyServlet(),"/myServlet");
    return registrationBean;
    }

    FilterRegistrationBean

    @Bean
    public FilterRegistrationBean myFilter(){
    FilterRegistrationBean registrationBean = new FilterRegistrationBean();
    registrationBean.setFilter(new MyFilter());
    registrationBean.setUrlPatterns(Arrays.asList("/hello","/myServlet"));
    return registrationBean;
    }

    ServletListenerRegistrationBean

    @Bean
    public ServletListenerRegistrationBean myListener(){
    ServletListenerRegistrationBean<MyListener> registrationBean = new
    ServletListenerRegistrationBean<>(new MyListener());
    return registrationBean;
    }

    SpringBoot帮我们自动SpringMVC的时候,自动的注册SpringMVC的前端控制器;DIspatcherServlet;
    DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration中:

    @Bean(name = DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_REGISTRATION_BEAN_NAME)
    @ConditionalOnBean(value = DispatcherServlet.class, name =
    DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME)
    public ServletRegistrationBean dispatcherServletRegistration(
    DispatcherServlet dispatcherServlet) {
    ServletRegistrationBean registration = new ServletRegistrationBean(
    dispatcherServlet, this.serverProperties.getServletMapping());
    //默认拦截: / 所有请求;包静态资源,但是不拦截jsp请求; /*会拦截jsp
    //可以通过server.servletPath来修改SpringMVC前端控制器默认拦截的请求路径
    registration.setName(DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME);
    registration.setLoadOnStartup(
    this.webMvcProperties.getServlet().getLoadOnStartup());
    if (this.multipartConfig != null) {
    registration.setMultipartConfig(this.multipartConfig);
    }
    return registration;
    }

    2)、SpringBoot能不能支持其他的Servlet容器;
    3)、替换为其他嵌入式Servlet容器

    默认支持:
    Tomcat(默认使用)

    <dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring‐boot‐starter‐web</artifactId>
    引入web模块默认就是使用嵌入式的Tomcat作为Servlet容器;
    </dependency>

    Jetty

    <!‐‐ 引入web模块 ‐‐>
    <dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring‐boot‐starter‐web</artifactId>
    <exclusions>
    <exclusion>
    <artifactId>spring‐boot‐starter‐tomcat</artifactId>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    </exclusion>
    </exclusions>
    </dependency>
    <!‐‐引入其他的Servlet容器‐‐>
    <dependency>
    <artifactId>spring‐boot‐starter‐jetty</artifactId>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    </dependency>

    Undertow

    <!‐‐ 引入web模块 ‐‐>
    <dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring‐boot‐starter‐web</artifactId>
    <exclusions>
    <exclusion>
    <artifactId>spring‐boot‐starter‐tomcat</artifactId>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    </exclusion>
    </exclusions>
    </dependency>

    <!‐‐引入其他的Servlet容器‐‐>
    <dependency>
    <artifactId>spring‐boot‐starter‐undertow</artifactId>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    </dependency>

    4)、嵌入式Servlet容器自动配置原理;
    EmbeddedServletContainerAutoConfiguration:嵌入式的Servlet容器自动配置?

    @AutoConfigureOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE)
    @Configuration
    @ConditionalOnWebApplication
    @Import(BeanPostProcessorsRegistrar.class)
    //导入BeanPostProcessorsRegistrar:Spring注解版;给容器中导入一些组件
    //导入了EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizerBeanPostProcessor:
    //后置处理器:bean初始化前后(创建完对象,还没赋值赋值)执行初始化工作
    public class EmbeddedServletContainerAutoConfiguration {
    @Configuration
    @ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, Tomcat.class })//判断当前是否引入了Tomcat依赖;
    @ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = EmbeddedServletContainerFactory.class, search =
    SearchStrategy.CURRENT)//判断当前容器没有用户自己定义EmbeddedServletContainerFactory:嵌入式的
    Servlet容器工厂;作用:创建嵌入式的Servlet容器
    public static class EmbeddedTomcat {
    @Bean
    public TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory tomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory()
    {
    return new TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory();
    }
    }
    /**
    * Nested configuration if Jetty is being used.
    */
    @Configuration
    @ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, Server.class, Loader.class,
    WebAppContext.class })
    @ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = EmbeddedServletContainerFactory.class, search =
    SearchStrategy.CURRENT)
    public static class EmbeddedJetty {
    @Bean
    public JettyEmbeddedServletContainerFactory jettyEmbeddedServletContainerFactory() {
    return new JettyEmbeddedServletContainerFactory();
    }
    }

    /**
    * Nested configuration if Undertow is being used.
    */
    @Configuration
    @ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, Undertow.class, SslClientAuthMode.class })
    @ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = EmbeddedServletContainerFactory.class, search =
    SearchStrategy.CURRENT)
    public static class EmbeddedUndertow {
    @Bean
    public UndertowEmbeddedServletContainerFactory
    undertowEmbeddedServletContainerFactory() {
    return new UndertowEmbeddedServletContainerFactory();
    }
    }

     

    1)、EmbeddedServletContainerFactory(嵌入式Servlet容器工厂)

    public interface EmbeddedServletContainerFactory {
    //获取嵌入式的Servlet容器
    EmbeddedServletContainer getEmbeddedServletContainer(
    ServletContextInitializer... initializers);
    }

     2)EmbeddedServletContainer:(嵌入式的Servlet容

     3)、以TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory为例

    @Override
    public EmbeddedServletContainer getEmbeddedServletContainer(
    ServletContextInitializer... initializers) {
    //创建一个Tomcat
    Tomcat tomcat = new Tomcat();
    //配置Tomcat的基本环节
    File baseDir = (this.baseDirectory != null ? this.baseDirectory

    : createTempDir("tomcat"));
    tomcat.setBaseDir(baseDir.getAbsolutePath());
    Connector connector = new Connector(this.protocol);
    tomcat.getService().addConnector(connector);
    customizeConnector(connector);
    tomcat.setConnector(connector);
    tomcat.getHost().setAutoDeploy(false);
    configureEngine(tomcat.getEngine());
    for (Connector additionalConnector : this.additionalTomcatConnectors) {
    tomcat.getService().addConnector(additionalConnector);
    }
    prepareContext(tomcat.getHost(), initializers);
    //将配置好的Tomcat传入进去,返回一个EmbeddedServletContainer;并且启动Tomcat服务器
    return getTomcatEmbeddedServletContainer(tomcat);
    }

    4)、我们对嵌入式容器的配置修改是怎么生效?

    ServerProperties、EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer

    EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer:定制器帮我们修改了Servlet容器的配置?
    怎么修改的原理?
    5)、容器中导入了EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizerBeanPostProcessor

    //初始化之前
    @Override
    public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName)
    throws BeansException {
    //如果当前初始化的是一个ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer类型的组件
    if (bean instanceof ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer) {
    //
    postProcessBeforeInitialization((ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer) bean);
    }
    return bean;
    }
    private void postProcessBeforeInitialization(
    ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer bean) {
    //获取所有的定制器,调用每一个定制器的customize方法来给Servlet容器进行属性赋值;
    for (EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer customizer : getCustomizers()) {
    customizer.customize(bean);
    }
    }
    private Collection<EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer> getCustomizers() {
    if (this.customizers == null) {
    // Look up does not include the parent context
    this.customizers = new ArrayList<EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer>(
    this.beanFactory
    //从容器中获取所有这葛类型的组件:EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer
    //定制Servlet容器,给容器中可以添加一个EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer类型的组件
    .getBeansOfType(EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer.class,
    false, false)
    .values());
    Collections.sort(this.customizers, AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.INSTANCE);
    this.customizers = Collections.unmodifiableList(this.customizers);
    }
    return this.customizers;
    }
    ServerProperties也是定制器

    步骤:
    1)、SpringBoot根据导入的依赖情况,给容器中添加相应的
    EmbeddedServletContainerFactory【TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory】
    2)、容器中某个组件要创建对象就会惊动后置处理器;
    EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizerBeanPostProcessor;
    只要是嵌入式的Servlet容器工厂,后置处理器就工作;
    3)、后置处理器,从容器中获取所有的EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer,调用定制器的定制方法
    5)、嵌入式Servlet容器启动原理;
    什么时候创建嵌入式的Servlet容器工厂?什么时候获取嵌入式的Servlet容器并启动Tomcat;
    获取嵌入式的Servlet容器工厂:
    1)、SpringBoot应用启动运行run方法
    2)、refreshContext(context);SpringBoot刷新IOC容器【创建IOC容器对象,并初始化容器,创建容器中的每一
    个组件】;如果是web应用创建AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext,否则:
    AnnotationConfigApplicationContext
    3)、refresh(context);刷新刚才创建好的ioc容器;

    public void refresh() throws BeansException, IllegalStateException {
    synchronized (this.startupShutdownMonitor) {
    // Prepare this context for refreshing.
    prepareRefresh();
    // Tell the subclass to refresh the internal bean factory.
    ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = obtainFreshBeanFactory();
    // Prepare the bean factory for use in this context.
    prepareBeanFactory(beanFactory);
    try {
    // Allows post‐processing of the bean factory in context subclasses.
    postProcessBeanFactory(beanFactory);
    // Invoke factory processors registered as beans in the context.
    invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(beanFactory);
    // Register bean processors that intercept bean creation.
    registerBeanPostProcessors(beanFactory);
    // Initialize message source for this context.
    initMessageSource();
    // Initialize event multicaster for this context.
    initApplicationEventMulticaster();
    // Initialize other special beans in specific context subclasses.
    onRefresh();
    // Check for listener beans and register them.
    registerListeners();
    // Instantiate all remaining (non‐lazy‐init) singletons.
    finishBeanFactoryInitialization(beanFactory);
    // Last step: publish corresponding event.
    finishRefresh();
    }
    catch (BeansException ex) {
    if (logger.isWarnEnabled()) {
    logger.warn("Exception encountered during context initialization ‐ " +
    "cancelling refresh attempt: " + ex);
    }
    // Destroy already created singletons to avoid dangling resources.
    destroyBeans();
    // Reset 'active' flag.
    cancelRefresh(ex);
    // Propagate exception to caller.
    throw ex;
    }
    finally {
    // Reset common introspection caches in Spring's core, since we
    // might not ever need metadata for singleton beans anymore...
    resetCommonCaches();
    }
    }
    }

    4)、 onRefresh(); web的ioc容器重写了onRefresh方法

    5)、webioc容器会创建嵌入式的Servlet容器;createEmbeddedServletContainer();
    6)、获取嵌入式的Servlet容器工厂:
    EmbeddedServletContainerFactory containerFactory = getEmbeddedServletContainerFactory();
    从ioc容器中获取EmbeddedServletContainerFactory 组件;TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory创建
    对象,后置处理器一看是这个对象,就获取所有的定制器来先定制Servlet容器的相关配置;
    7)、使用容器工厂获取嵌入式的Servlet容器:this.embeddedServletContainer = containerFactory
    .getEmbeddedServletContainer(getSelfInitializer());
    8)、嵌入式的Servlet容器创建对象并启动Servlet容器;
    先启动嵌入式的Servlet容器,再将ioc容器中剩下没有创建出的对象获取出来;
    IOC容器启动创建嵌入式的Servlet容器
    9、使用外置的Servlet容器
    嵌入式Servlet容器:应用打成可执行的jar
    优点:简单、便携;
    缺点:默认不支持JSP、优化定制比较复杂(使用定制器【ServerProperties、自定义
    EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer】,自己编写嵌入式Servlet容器的创建工厂
    【EmbeddedServletContainerFactory】);
    外置的Servlet容器:外面安装Tomcat---应用war包的方式打包;
    步骤
    1)、必须创建一个war项目;(利用idea创建好目录结构)
    2)、将嵌入式的Tomcat指定为provided;

    <dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring‐boot‐starter‐tomcat</artifactId>
    <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>

    3)、必须编写一个SpringBootServletInitializer的子类,并调用configure方法

    public class ServletInitializer extends SpringBootServletInitializer {
    @Override
    protected SpringApplicationBuilder configure(SpringApplicationBuilder application) {
    //传入SpringBoot应用的主程序
    return application.sources(SpringBoot04WebJspApplication.class);
    }
    }

    4)、启动服务器就可以使用;
    原理
    jar包:执行SpringBoot主类的main方法,启动ioc容器,创建嵌入式的Servlet容器;
    war包:启动服务器,服务器启动SpringBoot应用【SpringBootServletInitializer】,启动ioc容器;
    servlet3.0(Spring注解版):
    8.2.4 Shared libraries / runtimes pluggability:
    规则:
    1)、服务器启动(web应用启动)会创建当前web应用里面每一个jar包里面ServletContainerInitializer实例:
    2)、ServletContainerInitializer的实现放在jar包的META-INF/services文件夹下,有一个名为
    javax.servlet.ServletContainerInitializer的文件,内容就是ServletContainerInitializer的实现类的全类名
    3)、还可以使用@HandlesTypes,在应用启动的时候加载我们感兴趣的类;
    流程:
    1)、启动Tomcat
    2)、orgspringframeworkspring-web4.3.14.RELEASEspring-web-4.3.14.RELEASE.jar!METAINFservicesjavax.servlet.ServletContainerInitializer:
    Spring的web模块里面有这个文件:org.springframework.web.SpringServletContainerInitializer
    3)、SpringServletContainerInitializer将@HandlesTypes(WebApplicationInitializer.class)标注的所有这个类型
    的类都传入到onStartup方法的Set>;为这些WebApplicationInitializer类型的类创建实例;
    4)、每一个WebApplicationInitializer都调用自己的onStartup;

     5)、相当于我们的SpringBootServletInitializer的类会被创建对象,并执行onStartup方法

    6)、SpringBootServletInitializer实例执行onStartup的时候会createRootApplicationContext;创建容器

    protected WebApplicationContext createRootApplicationContext(
    ServletContext servletContext) {
    //1、创建SpringApplicationBuilder
    SpringApplicationBuilder builder = createSpringApplicationBuilder();
    StandardServletEnvironment environment = new StandardServletEnvironment();
    environment.initPropertySources(servletContext, null);
    builder.environment(environment);
    builder.main(getClass());
    ApplicationContext parent = getExistingRootWebApplicationContext(servletContext);
    if (parent != null) {
    this.logger.info("Root context already created (using as parent).");
    servletContext.setAttribute(
    WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, null);
    builder.initializers(new ParentContextApplicationContextInitializer(parent));
    }
    builder.initializers(
    new ServletContextApplicationContextInitializer(servletContext));
    builder.contextClass(AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext.class);
    //调用configure方法,子类重写了这个方法,将SpringBoot的主程序类传入了进来
    builder = configure(builder);
    //使用builder创建一个Spring应用
    SpringApplication application = builder.build();
    if (application.getSources().isEmpty() && AnnotationUtils
    .findAnnotation(getClass(), Configuration.class) != null) {
    application.getSources().add(getClass());
    }
    Assert.state(!application.getSources().isEmpty(),
    "No SpringApplication sources have been defined. Either override the "
    + "configure method or add an @Configuration annotation");
    // Ensure error pages are registered
    if (this.registerErrorPageFilter) {
    application.getSources().add(ErrorPageFilterConfiguration.class);
    }
    //启动Spring应用
    return run(application);
    }

    7)、Spring的应用就启动并且创建IOC容器

    public ConfigurableApplicationContext run(String... args) {
    StopWatch stopWatch = new StopWatch();
    stopWatch.start();
    ConfigurableApplicationContext context = null;
    FailureAnalyzers analyzers = null;
    configureHeadlessProperty();
    SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners = getRunListeners(args);
    listeners.starting();
    try {
    ApplicationArguments applicationArguments = new DefaultApplicationArguments(
    args);
    ConfigurableEnvironment environment = prepareEnvironment(listeners,
    applicationArguments);
    Banner printedBanner = printBanner(environment);
    context = createApplicationContext();
    analyzers = new FailureAnalyzers(context);
    prepareContext(context, environment, listeners, applicationArguments,
    printedBanner);
    //刷新IOC容器
    refreshContext(context);
    afterRefresh(context, applicationArguments);
    listeners.finished(context, null);
    stopWatch.stop();
    if (this.logStartupInfo) {
    new StartupInfoLogger(this.mainApplicationClass)
    .logStarted(getApplicationLog(), stopWatch);
    }
    return context;
    }
    catch (Throwable ex) {
    handleRunFailure(context, listeners, analyzers, ex);
    throw new IllegalStateException(ex);
    }
    }

    启动Servlet容器,再启动SpringBoot应用

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/wuwuyong/p/11939411.html
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