一. Django简易学生管理系统
1.在pycharm中创建工程student_manage_system，添加app:student_manage
2.配置静态文件：在工程项目目录下新建目录static，并在settings.py中追加代码
STATICFILES_DIRS=(os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'static'),)
3.设计学生管理系统所需数据库
在studnet_manage/models.py创建班级管理表、学生管理表、老师管理表
from django.db import models # Create your models here. class classes(models.Model): title = models.CharField(max_length=32) teacher = models.ManyToManyField("Teachers") class student(models.Model): StudentName = models.CharField(max_length=32) age = models.IntegerField() gender = models.BooleanField() cs = models.ForeignKey("classes",on_delete=models.CASCADE) class Teachers(models.Model): TeacherName = models.CharField(max_length=32)
在终端Terminal 项目目录下执行数据表更新命令：
python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate
4.学生管理系统之班级管理
1.为了方便分别操作班级、老师、学生相关的业务，将student_manage目录下的views.py 删掉，在student_manage目录下新建目录views，并在views目录下 新建classes.py teachers.py students.py。
2.在classes.py 中写 get_classes， add_classes ，delete_classes ，edit_classes四个函数，完成对班级数据的增删改查
from django.shortcuts import render from django.shortcuts import redirect from student_manage.models import * def get_classes(request): class_list = classes.objects.all() return render(request,'get_classes.html',{'class_list':class_list}) def add_calsses(request): if request.method == "GET": return render(request, 'add_classes.html') elif request.method == 'POST': title = request.POST.get('title') classes.objects.create(title=title) return redirect('/get_classes.html') def delete_classes(request): nid=request.GET.get('nid') classes.objects.filter(id=nid).delete() return redirect('/get_classes.html') def edit_classes(request): if request.method=='GET': nid = request.GET.get('nid','') obj = classes.objects.get(id=nid) return render(request,'edit_classes.html',{"obj":obj}) elif request.method=='POST': nid = request.GET.get('nid','') title = request.POST.get('title') classes.objects.filter(id=nid).update(title=title) return redirect('/get_classes.html')
3.在urls.py 中配置url路由
from django.contrib import admin from django.urls import path from django.conf.urls import url from student_manage.views import classes,students,ajax urlpatterns = [ #path('admin/', admin.site.urls), url('^get_classes.html$',classes.get_classes), url('^add_classes.html$',classes.add_calsses), url('^delete_classes.html$',classes.delete_classes), url('^edit_classes.html$',classes.edit_classes), ]
4.在templates目录下建立所需的html页面文件
<1>get_classes.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> </head> <div> <a href="/add_classes.html">添加</a> </div> <table border="1"> <thead> <tr> <th>ID</th> <th>班级名称</th> <th>任课老师</th> <th>操作</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> {% for row in class_list %} <tr> <td> {{ row.id }} </td> <td> {{ row.title}} </td> <td> {% for item in row.teacher.all %} <span>{{item.TeacherName}}</span> {% endfor %} </td> <td> <a href="/delete_classes.html?nid={{ row.id }}">删除</a> | <a href="/delete_classes.html?nid={{ row.id }}">ajax删除</a> | <a href="/edit_classes.html?nid={{ row.id }}">编辑</a> | <a href="/set_teacher.html?nid={{ row.id }}">分配老师</a> </tr> {% endfor %} </tbody> </table> </html>
<2>add_classes.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <form action="/add_classes.html" method="POST"> {% csrf_token %} <input type="text" name="title" /> <input type="submit" value="提交" /> </form> </body> </html>
<3>edit_classes.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <h3>编辑学生信息</h3> <form method="post" action="/edit_students.html?nid={{ obj.id }}"> {% csrf_token %} <p>姓名<input type="text" name="StudentName" value="{{ obj.StudentName }}"/></p> <p>年龄<input type="text" name="age" value="{{ obj.age }}"/></p> <p>性别: {% if obj.gender %} 男<input type="radio" name="gender" checked="checked" value="1"/> 女<input type="radio" name="gender" value="0"/> {% else%} 男<input type="radio" name="gender" value="1"/> 女<input type="radio" name="gender" checked="checked" value="0"/> {% endif %} </p> <p>班级： <select name="class_id"> {% for row in class_list%} {% if row.id == obj.cs_id %} <option value="{{ row.id }}" selected="selected">{{ row.title }}</option> {% else %} <option value="{{ row.id }}">{{ row.title }}</option> {% endif %} {% endfor %} </select> </p> <p><input type="submit" value="提交修改"/></p> </form> </body> </html>
5.学生管理系统之学生管理
1.在students.py 中写 get_students， add_students ，delete_students ,edit_students 四个函数，完成对学生数据的增删改查
from django.shortcuts import render from django.shortcuts import redirect from student_manage.models import * def get_students(request): student_list=student.objects.all() return render(request,'get_students.html',{'student_list':student_list}) def add_students(request): class_list = classes.objects.all() if request.method == "GET": return render(request, 'add_students.html',{'class_list':class_list}) if request.method == "POST": StudentName=request.POST.get('StudentName','') age=request.POST.get('age','') gender=request.POST.get('gender','') cs=request.POST.get('cs','') student.objects.create(StudentName=StudentName,age=age,gender=gender,cs_id=cs) return redirect('/get_students.html') def delete_students(request): nid = request.GET.get('nid') student.objects.filter(id=nid).delete() return redirect('/get_students.html') def edit_students(request): class_list = classes.objects.all() if request.method == 'GET': nid = request.GET.get('nid','') obj = student.objects.get(id=nid) print("class_list:",class_list) return render(request,'edit_students.html',{"class_list":class_list,"obj":obj}) if request.method == 'POST': nid = request.GET.get('nid','') StudentName = request.POST.get('StudentName','') age=request.POST.get('age','') gender=request.POST.get('gender','') cs=request.POST.get('class_id','') print("class_id",cs) student.objects.filter(id=nid).update(StudentName=StudentName,age=age,gender=gender,cs_id=cs) return redirect('/get_students.html')
2.在urls.py 中配置url路由
from django.contrib import admin from django.urls import path from django.conf.urls import url from student_manage.views import classes,students,ajax urlpatterns = [ #path('admin/', admin.site.urls), url('^get_classes.html$',classes.get_classes), url('^add_classes.html$',classes.add_calsses), url('^delete_classes.html$',classes.delete_classes), url('^edit_classes.html$',classes.edit_classes), url('^get_students.html$',students.get_students), url('^add_students.html$',students.add_students), url('student_del_ajax.html$',ajax.student_del_ajax), url('^delete_students.html$',students.delete_students), url('^student_edit_ajax',ajax.student_edit_ajax), url('^edit_students.html$',students.edit_students), url('^set_teacher.html$',classes.set_teacher) ]
3.在templates目录下建立所需的html页面文件
<1>get_students.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> </head> <div><a href="/add_students.html">添加</a></div> <body> <table border=1> <thead> <tr> <th>ID</th> <th>姓名</th> <th>年龄</th> <th>性别</th> <th>班级</th> <th>操作</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> {% for row in student_list %} <tr nid="{{ row.id }}"> <td>{{ row.id }}</td> <td>{{ row.StudentName }}</td> <td>{{ row.age }}</td> {% if row.gender%} <td>男</td> {% else %} <td>女</td> {% endif %} <td>{{ row.cs.title }}</td> <td> <a href="/delete_students.html?nid={{ row.id }}">删除</a> | <a onclick="RemoveStudent(this);" href="#">ajax删除</a> | <a href="/edit_students.html?nid={{ row.id }}">编辑</a> | <a onclick="EditStudent(this);" href="#">ajax编辑</a> </td> </tr> {% endfor %} </tbody> </table> </body> <script src="/static/jquery-3.1.1.js"></script> <script> function RemoveStudent(ths) { var nid=$(ths).parent().parent().attr('nid'); $.ajax({ url:'/student_del_ajax.html', type:'GET', data:{nid:nid}, success:function (arg) { if (arg == 'delete successful'){ {#window.location.reload();#} $(ths).parent().parent().remove(); } else{ alert(arg); } } }) } </script> </html>
<2>add_students.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <h3>添加学生信息</h3> <form method="post" action="/add_students.html"> {% csrf_token %} <p>姓名<input type="text" name="StudentName" placeholder="姓名"/></p> <p>年龄<input type="text" name="age" placeholder="年龄"/></p> <p>性别: 男<input type="radio" name="gender" value="1"/>女<input type="radio" name="gender" value="0"/></p> <p>班级： <select name="cs"> {% for row in class_list %} <option value={{ row.id }}>{{ row.title }}</option> {% endfor %} </select> </p> <p><input type="submit" value="提交注册"/></p> </form> </body> </html>
<3>edit_students.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <h3>编辑学生信息</h3> <form method="post" action="/edit_students.html?nid={{ obj.id }}"> {% csrf_token %} <p>姓名<input type="text" name="StudentName" value="{{ obj.StudentName }}"/></p> <p>年龄<input type="text" name="age" value="{{ obj.age }}"/></p> <p>性别: {% if obj.gender %} 男<input type="radio" name="gender" checked="checked" value="1"/> 女<input type="radio" name="gender" value="0"/> {% else%} 男<input type="radio" name="gender" value="1"/> 女<input type="radio" name="gender" checked="checked" value="0"/> {% endif %} </p> <p>班级： <select name="class_id"> {% for row in class_list%} {% if row.id == obj.cs_id %} <option value="{{ row.id }}" selected="selected">{{ row.title }}</option> {% else %} <option value="{{ row.id }}">{{ row.title }}</option> {% endif %} {% endfor %} </select> </p> <p><input type="submit" value="提交修改"/></p> </form> </body> </html>
6.学生管理系统之教师分配
1.在classes.py中增加教师分配函数set_teacher
from django.shortcuts import render from django.shortcuts import redirect from student_manage.models import * def get_classes(request): class_list = classes.objects.all() return render(request,'get_classes.html',{'class_list':class_list}) def add_calsses(request): if request.method == "GET": return render(request, 'add_classes.html') elif request.method == 'POST': title = request.POST.get('title') classes.objects.create(title=title) return redirect('/get_classes.html') def delete_classes(request): nid=request.GET.get('nid') classes.objects.filter(id=nid).delete() return redirect('/get_classes.html') def edit_classes(request): if request.method=='GET': nid = request.GET.get('nid','') obj = classes.objects.get(id=nid) return render(request,'edit_classes.html',{"obj":obj}) elif request.method=='POST': nid = request.GET.get('nid','') title = request.POST.get('title') classes.objects.filter(id=nid).update(title=title) return redirect('/get_classes.html') def set_teacher(request): if request.method=='GET': nid = request.GET.get('nid','') class_obj=classes.objects.get(id=nid) class_teacher_list=class_obj.teacher.all() all_teacher_list=Teachers.objects.all() return render(request,'set_teacher.html',{'class_teacher_list':class_teacher_list,'all_teacher_list':all_teacher_list,'class_obj':class_obj}) elif request.method=='POST': nid=request.GET.get('nid','') ids_str=request.POST.getlist('teacher_id','') # obj = classes.objects.get(id=nid) # obj.teacher.set(ids_str) obj = classes.objects.filter(id=nid).first() obj.teacher.set(ids_str) return redirect('/get_classes.html')
2.在templates目录下建立所需的html页面文件
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <form method="post" action="set_teacher.html?nid={{ class_obj.id }}"> {% csrf_token %} <select multiple name="teacher_id"> {% for row in all_teacher_list %} {% if row in class_teacher_list %} <option value="{{ row.id }}" selected="selected">{{ row.TeacherName}}</option> {% else %} <option value="{{ row.id }}">{{ row.TeacherName}}</option> {% endif %} {% endfor %} </select> <input type="submit" value="提交"> </form> </body> </html>