RabbitMQ(从安装到使用)

RabbitMQ

一,RabbitMQ简单介绍:

　　RabbitMQ是一个在AMQP基础上完整的，可复用的企业消息系统。他遵循Mozilla Public License开源协议。

　　MQ全称为Message Queue, 消息队列（MQ）是一种应用程序对应用程序的通信方法。应用程序通过读写出入队列的消息（针对应用程序的数据）来通信，而无需专用连接来链接它们。消 息传递指的是程序之间通过在消息中发送数据进行通信，而不是通过直接调用彼此来通信，直接调用通常是用于诸如远程过程调用的技术。排队指的是应用程序通过 队列来通信。队列的使用除去了接收和发送应用程序同时执行的要求。

二,安装

pip install pika

三,简单队列　

1丶使用API操作RabbitMQ

基于Queue实现生产者消费者模型

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#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import Queue
import threading
 
 
message = Queue.Queue(10)
 
 
def producer(i):
    while True:
        message.put(i)
 
 
def consumer(i):
    while True:
        msg = message.get()
 
 
for i in range(12):
    t = threading.Thread(target=producer, args=(i,))
    t.start()
 
for i in range(10):
    t = threading.Thread(target=consumer, args=(i,))
    t.start()

对于RabbitMQ来说，生产和消费不再针对内存里的一个Queue对象，而是某台服务器上的RabbitMQ Server实现的消息队列。

# ！/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
 
import pika
 
connection = pika.BaseConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='10.211.55.4'))  # 封装socket逻辑部分
channel = connection.channel()  # 拿到操作句柄
 
channel.queue_declare(queue='hello')  # 通过channel创建一个队列，再给给队列取名字
 
channel.basic_publish(exchange='',  # 通过句柄给
                      routing_key='hello',  # 把body的数据放到名为hello的队列里去
                      body='Hello World!',
                      
                      ))
print("[x] Sent 'Hello World!")
connection.close()

# ！/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
 
import pika
 
connection = pika.BaseConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='10.211.55.4'))
channel = connection.channel()
 
channel.queue_declare(queue='hello')  # 创建队列
 
def callback(ch, method, properties, body):  # 就是个回调函数
    print(" [x] Received %r" % body)
    
 
channel.basic_consume(callback,  # 函数名；取出数据就执行这个函数
                      queue='hello',  # 队列名
                      no_ack=Ture)  # 无应答是（Ture）;有应答（False）
 
print(' [*] Waiting for messages.To exit press CTRL+C')
channel.start_consuming()

2丶acknowledgment消息不丢失

no-ack ＝ False，如果消费者遇到情况(its channel is closed, connection is closed, or TCP connection is lost)挂掉了，那么，RabbitMQ会重新将该任务添加到队列中。

# ！/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

import pika

connection = pika.BaseConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='10.211.55.4'))
channel = connection.channel()

channel.queue_declare(queue='hello')  # 创建队列

def callback(ch, method, properties, body):  # 就是个回调函数
    print(" [x] Received %r" % body)
    import time
    time.sleep(10)
    print('ok')
    ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag=method.delivery_tag)  # 调为有应答要加上的（下面的要改no_ack=False）

channel.basic_qos(prefetch_count=1)

channel.basic_consume(callback,  # 函数名；取出数据就执行这个函数
                      queue='hello',  # 队列名
                      no_ack=False)  # 无应答是（Ture）;有应答（False）
print(' [*] Waiting for messages.To exit press CTRL+C')
channel.start_consuming()

3丶durable消息不丢失

import pika
 
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='10.211.55.4'))
channel = connection.channel()
 
# make message persistent
channel.queue_declare(queue='hello', durable=True)  # durable=True这个参数是把数据保存到硬盘
 
channel.basic_publish(exchange='',
                      routing_key='hello',
                      body='Hello World!',
                      properties=pika.BasicProperties(
                          delivery_mode=2, # 传递模式从默认的1，改为2
                      ))
print(" [x] Sent 'Hello World!'")
connection.close()　

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import pika
 
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='10.211.55.4'))
channel = connection.channel()
 
# make message persistent
channel.queue_declare(queue='hello', durable=True)
 
 
def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
    print(" [x] Received %r" % body)
    import time
    time.sleep(10)
    print 'ok'
    ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag = method.delivery_tag)  # 把无应答调整为有应答
 
channel.basic_consume(callback,
                      queue='hello',
                      no_ack=False)  # 改为False,表示有应答
 
print(' [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C')
channel.start_consuming()

4丶消息获取顺序

默认消息队列里的数据是按照顺序被消费者拿走，例如：消费者1 去队列中获取 奇数 序列的任务，消费者1去队列中获取 偶数 序列的任务。

channel.basic_qos(prefetch_count=1) 表示谁来谁取，不再按照奇偶数排列

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import pika

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='10.211.55.4'))
channel = connection.channel()

# make message persistent
channel.queue_declare(queue='hello')


def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
    print(" [x] Received %r" % body)
    import time
    time.sleep(10)
    print 'ok'
    ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag = method.delivery_tag)

channel.basic_qos(prefetch_count=1)  # prefetch_count=1这个参数就让取的方式改变，不在顺序取数据

channel.basic_consume(callback,
                      queue='hello',
                      no_ack=False)

print(' [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C')
channel.start_consuming()

四,exchange

1、fanout模式

发布订阅

发布订阅和简单的消息队列区别在于，发布订阅会将消息发送给所有的订阅者，而消息队列中的数据被消费一次便消失。

所以，RabbitMQ实现发布和订阅时，会为每一个订阅者创建一个队列，而发布者发布消息时，会将消息放置在所有相关队列中。

 exchange type = fanout

#!/usr/bin/env python
import pika
import sys
 
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
        host='localhost'))
channel = connection.channel()
 
# 创建交换机
channel.exchange_declare(exchange='logs',  # 名字
                         type='fanout')  # 类型
 
message = ' '.join(sys.argv[1:]) or "info: Hello World!"
channel.basic_publish(exchange='logs',  # 往名字为logs的交换机里
                      routing_key='',  # 把数据直接放到交换机里，不用放到队列中，所以默认为空
                      body=message)
print(" [x] Sent %r" % message)
connection.close()  # 关闭

#!/usr/bin/env python
import pika
 
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
        host='localhost'))
channel = connection.channel()
 
#创建交换机
channel.exchange_declare(exchange='logs',
                         type='fanout')
 
# 随机创建一个队列
result = channel.queue_declare(exclusive=True)
queue_name = result.method.queue
 
channel.queue_bind(exchange='logs',  # 随机生成的队列绑定交换机
                   queue=queue_name) 
 
print(' [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C')
 
def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
    print(" [x] %r" % body)
 
channel.basic_consume(callback,  # 在下面阻塞后，如果得到数据后才执行这个函数
                      queue=queue_name,
                      no_ack=True)
 
channel.start_consuming()  # 阻塞住，等待生产者把数据放到消费者，并监听

图形解释：

2、dirct模式

关键字发送

RabbitMQ   还支持根据关键字发送，即：队列绑定关键字，发送者将数据根据关键字发送到消息exchange，

exchange   根据 关键字 判定应该将数据发送至指定队列。

exchange type = direct

#!/usr/bin/env python
import pika
import sys

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
        host='localhost'))
channel = connection.channel()

channel.exchange_declare(exchange='direct_logs',
                         type='direct')

severity = sys.argv[1] if len(sys.argv) > 1 else 'info'
message = ' '.join(sys.argv[2:]) or 'Hello World!'
channel.basic_publish(exchange='direct_logs',
                      routing_key=severity,
                      body=message)
print(" [x] Sent %r:%r" % (severity, message))
connection.close()

#!/usr/bin/env python
import pika
import sys

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
        host='localhost'))
channel = connection.channel()

channel.exchange_declare(exchange='direct_logs',
                         type='direct')

result = channel.queue_declare(exclusive=True)
queue_name = result.method.queue

severities = sys.argv[1:]
if not severities:
    sys.stderr.write("Usage: %s [info] [warning] [error]
" % sys.argv[0])
    sys.exit(1)

for severity in severities:  # 用循环是可以绑定多个队列
    channel.queue_bind(exchange='direct_logs',
                       queue=queue_name,
                       routing_key='severity')  # 定义的参数（关键字）
    
       channel.queue_bind(exchange='direct_logs',
                       queue=queue_name,
                       routing_key='alex')

print(' [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C')

def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
    print(" [x] %r:%r" % (method.routing_key, body))

channel.basic_consume(callback,
                      queue=queue_name,
                      no_ack=True)

channel.start_consuming()

图形解释:

　　在交换机中用一关键字，只有队列里有关键字交换机才会发送数据给绑定的队列。

3、topic

模糊匹配

在topic类型下，可以让队列绑定几个模糊的关键字，之后发送者将数据发送到exchange，exchange将传入”路由值“和 ”关键字“进行匹配，

匹配成功，则将数据发送到指定队列。exchange type = topic

# 表示可以匹配 0 个 或 多个 单词
*  表示只能匹配 一个 单词
 
发送者路由值              队列中
old.boy.python          old.*  -- 不匹配
old.boy.python          old.#  -- 匹配

#!/usr/bin/env python
import pika
import sys

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
        host='localhost'))
channel = connection.channel()

channel.exchange_declare(exchange='topic_logs',
                         type='topic')

routing_key = sys.argv[1] if len(sys.argv) > 1 else 'anonymous.info'
message = ' '.join(sys.argv[2:]) or 'Hello World!'
channel.basic_publish(exchange='topic_logs',
                      routing_key=routing_key,
                      body=message)
print(" [x] Sent %r:%r" % (routing_key, message))
connection.close()

#!/usr/bin/env python
import pika
import sys

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
        host='localhost'))
channel = connection.channel()

channel.exchange_declare(exchange='topic_logs',
                         type='topic')

result = channel.queue_declare(exclusive=True)
queue_name = result.method.queue

binding_keys = sys.argv[1:]
if not binding_keys:
    sys.stderr.write("Usage: %s [binding_key]...
" % sys.argv[0])
    sys.exit(1)

for binding_key in binding_keys:
    channel.queue_bind(exchange='topic_logs',
                       queue=queue_name,
                       routing_key=binding_key)

print(' [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C')

def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
    print(" [x] %r:%r" % (method.routing_key, body))

channel.basic_consume(callback,
                      queue=queue_name,
                      no_ack=True)

channel.start_consuming()

图形解释: